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Paranjape VV, Knych HK, Berghaus LJ, Cathcart J, Giancola S, Craig H, James C, Saksena S, Reed RA. Evaluation of physical variables, thermal nociceptive threshold testing and pharmacokinetics during placement of transdermal buprenorphine matrix-type patch in healthy adult horses. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1373555. [PMID: 38529072 PMCID: PMC10961409 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1373555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix type transdermal buprenorphine patches have not been investigated in horses and may provide an effective means of providing continuous pain control for extended period and eliminating venous catheterization. Objective Assessment of the physiological variables (heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature) and thermal nociceptive threshold testing, and describing the pharmacokinetic profile of transdermal buprenorphine matrix-type patch (20 μg h-1 and 40 μg h-1 dosing) in healthy adult horses. Study design Randomised experimental study with a Latin-square design. Methods Six adult healthy horses received each of the three treatments with a minimum 10 day washout period. BUP0 horses did not receive a patch (control). BUP20 horses received one patch (20 μg h-1) applied on the ventral aspect of the tail base resulting in a dose of 0.03-0.04 μg kg-1 h-1. BUP40 horses received two patches placed alongside each other (40 μg h-1) on the tail base resulting in a dose of 0.07-0.09 μg kg-1 h-1. Whole blood samples (for determination of buprenorphine concentration), physiological variables and thermal threshold testing were performed before (0 h) and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, and 96 h after patch application. The patches were removed 72 h following placement and were analyzed for residual buprenorphine content. Results Between the three groups, there was no change in physiological variables across timepoints as compared to baseline (p > 0.1). With the higher dose, there was a significant increase in thermal thresholds from baseline values from 2 h until 48 h and these values were significantly higher than the group receiving the lower patch dose for multiple timepoints up to 40 h. 40 μg h-1 patch led to consistent measurable plasma concentrations starting at 2 h up to 96 h, with the mean plasma concentrations of > 0.1 ng/ml from 4 h to 40 h. Conclusions 20 μg h-1 and 40 μg h-1 patch doses were well tolerated by all horses. At higher dose, plasma buprenorphine concentrations were more consistently measurable and blunted thermal thresholds for 48 h vs. 32 h with 20 μg h-1 dosing as compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi V. Paranjape
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Heather K. Knych
- K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Londa J. Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jessica Cathcart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Shyla Giancola
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hannah Craig
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Caroline James
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Siddharth Saksena
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Reed
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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de Oliveira AR, Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK, Schauvliege S, Fonseca MW, Trindade PHE, Puoli Filho JNP, Luna SPL. Development, Validation, and Reliability of a Sedation Scale in Horses (EquiSed). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:611729. [PMID: 33665216 PMCID: PMC7921322 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.611729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of standardization of sedation scales in horses limits the reproducibility between different studies. This prospective, randomized, blinded, horizontal and controlled trial aimed to validate a scale for sedation in horses (EquiSed). Seven horses were treated with intravenous detomidine in low/high doses alone (DL 2.5 μg/kg + 6.25 μg/kg/h; DH 5 μg/kg +12.5 μg/kg/h) or associated with methadone (DLM and DHM, 0.2 mg/kg + 0.05 mg/kg/h) and with low (ACPL 0.02 mg/kg) or high (ACPH 0.09 mg/kg) doses of acepromazine alone. Horses were filmed at (i) baseline (ii) peak, (iii) intermediate, and (iv) end of sedation immediately before auditory, visual and pressure stimuli were applied and postural instability evaluated for another study. Videos were randomized and blindly evaluated by four evaluators in two phases with 1-month interval. Intra- and interobserver reliability of the sum of EquiSed (Intraclass correlation coefficient) ranged between 0.84-0.94 and 0.45-0.88, respectively. The criterion validity was endorsed by the high Spearman correlation between the EquiSed and visual analog (0.77), numerical rating (0.76), and simple descriptive scales (0.70), and average correlation with head height above the ground (HHAG) (-0.52). The Friedman test confirmed the EquiSed responsiveness over time. The principal component analysis showed that all items of the scale had a load factor ≥ 0.50. The item-total Spearman correlation for all items ranged from 0.3 to 0.5, and the internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α = 0.73). The area under the curve of EquiSed HHAG as a predictive diagnostic measure was 0.88. The sensitivity of the EquiSed calculated according to the cut-off point (score 7 of the sum of the EquiSed) determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 96% and specificity was 83%. EquiSed has good intra- and interobserver reliabilities and is valid to evaluate tranquilization and sedation in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Miguel Gozalo-Marcilla
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Katja Ringer
- Section Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mariana Werneck Fonseca
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Esteves Trindade
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - José Nicolau Prospero Puoli Filho
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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de Grauw J, van Loon T. Clinical effects of two doses of butorphanol with detomidine for intravenous premedication of healthy warmblood horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 47:681-685. [PMID: 32792271 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of two different doses of butorphanol combined with detomidine administered intravenously (IV) on quality of sedation, degree of ataxia and anaesthetic induction in horses. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded, clinical study. ANIMALS A total of 40 client-owned healthy warmblood horses scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. METHODS Horses were randomly allocated to be administered 8 μg kg-1 detomidine IV plus either 20 or 50 μg kg-1 butorphanol IV, with the principal investigator blinded to group allocation. Head height was measured before drug injection and 2 minutes thereafter. Data were compared using unpaired t test. Horses were filmed and scored using Simple Descriptive Scales for sedation (2 and 15 minutes after IV injection), ataxia (at walk, immediately after the 2 minute time point) and quality of swing-door induction following diazepam and ketamine administration. Data are shown as median (and range where appropriate). Scores were compared using chi-square tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS There were 14 and 17 horses in high-dose (HD) and low-dose (LD) groups respectively. Data from nine horses were excluded. Mean head height reduction did not differ between groups (p = 0.86), nor did sedation scores at 2 minutes (median = 3 in both groups; p = 0.09) or 15 minutes (median = 2 in both groups; p = 0.63). There was no significant difference in the requirement for additional detomidine (p = 0.73) or in induction quality between groups (p = 0.99), but initial ataxia was significantly greater in the HD group 2 (1-3) versus 2.5 (1-3) in the LD group (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In healthy warmblood horses, simultaneous administration of 50 rather than 20 μg kg-1 butorphanol with 8 μg kg-1 detomidine does not provide greater sedation or affect induction, but it causes more pronounced ataxia shortly after IV injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janny de Grauw
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Thijs van Loon
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bowen IM, Redpath A, Dugdale A, Burford JH, Lloyd D, Watson T, Hallowell GD. BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Analgesia. Equine Vet J 2020; 52:13-27. [PMID: 31657050 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary care guidelines provide a reference point to guide clinicians based on a systematic review of the literature, contextualised by expert clinical opinion. These guidelines develop a modification of the GRADE framework for assessment of research evidence (vetGRADE) and applied this to a range of clinical scenarios regarding use of analgesic agents. Key guidelines produced by the panel included recommendations that horses undergoing routine castration should receive intratesticular local anaesthesia irrespective of methods adopted and that horses should receive NSAIDs prior to surgery (overall certainty levels high). Butorphanol and buprenorphine should not be considered appropriate as sole analgesic for such procedures (high certainty). The panel recommend the continuation of analgesia for 3 days following castration (moderate certainty) and conclude that phenylbutazone provided superior analgesia to meloxicam and firocoxib for hoof pain/laminitis (moderate certainty), but that enhanced efficacy has not been demonstrated for joint pain. In horses with colic, flunixin and firocoxib are considered to provide more effective analgesia than meloxicam or phenylbutazone (moderate certainty). Given the risk of adverse events of all classes of analgesic, these agents should be used only under the control of a veterinary surgeon who has fully evaluated a horse and developed a therapeutic, analgesic plan that includes ongoing monitoring for such adverse events such as the development of right dorsal colitis with all classes of NSAID and spontaneous locomotor activity and potentially ileus with opiates. Finally, the panel call for the development of a single properly validated composite pain score for horses to allow accurate comparisons between medications in a robust manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Bowen
- Oakham Veterinary Hospital/University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - A Redpath
- Oakham Veterinary Hospital/University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - A Dugdale
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - J H Burford
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - D Lloyd
- ChesterGates Veterinary Specialists, Chester, UK
| | - T Watson
- Waterlane Equine Vets, Stroud, UK
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Comparative Effect of Intravenous Administration of Medetomidine, Tramadol, and Medetomidine/Tramadol Combination on Intraocular Pressure (IOP) in Clinically Healthy Donkeys (Equus asinus). J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Deutsch J, Ekiri A, de Vries A. Alfaxalone for maintenance of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration: continuous infusion compared with intravenous boluses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:832-840. [PMID: 28687474 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare alfaxalone as continuous intravenous (IV) infusion with intermittent IV injections for maintenance of anaesthesia in ponies undergoing castration. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, 'blinded' clinical study. ANIMALS A group of 33 entire male Welsh ponies undergoing field castration. METHODS After preanaesthetic medication with IV detomidine (10 μg kg-1) and butorphanol (0.05 mg kg-1), anaesthesia was induced with IV diazepam (0.05 mg kg-1) followed by alfaxalone (1 mg kg-1). After random allocation, anaesthesia was maintained with either IV alfaxalone 2 mg kg-1 hour-1 (group A; n = 16) or saline administered at equal volume (group S; n = 17). When necessary, additional alfaxalone (0.2 mg kg-1) was administered IV. Ponies were breathing room air. Using simple descriptive scales, surgical conditions and anaesthesia recovery were scored. Total amount of alfaxalone, ponies requiring additional alfaxalone and time to administration, time from induction to end of infusion and end of infusion to standing were noted. Indirect arterial blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rates, end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure and arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation were recorded every 5 minutes. Data were analysed using Student t, Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests, where appropriate (p < 0.05). RESULTS Total amount of alfaxalone administered after induction of anaesthesia (0.75 ± 0.27 versus 0.17 ± 0.23 mg kg-1; p < 0.0001) and time to standing (14.8 ± 4 versus 11.6 ± 4 minutes; p = 0.044) were higher in group A compared to group S. Ponies requiring additional alfaxalone boluses [four (group A) versus seven (group S)] and other measured variables were similar between groups; five ponies required oxygen supplementation [three (group A) versus two (group S)]. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Continuous IV infusion and intermittent administration of alfaxalone provided similar anaesthesia quality and surgical conditions in ponies undergoing field castration. Less alfaxalone is required when used intermittently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abel Ekiri
- College of Public Health and Health Profession, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Taylor PM, Hoare HR, de Vries A, Love EJ, Coumbe KM, White KL, Murrell JC. A multicentre, prospective, randomised, blinded clinical trial to compare some perioperative effects of buprenorphine or butorphanol premedication before equine elective general anaesthesia and surgery. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:442-50. [PMID: 25772950 PMCID: PMC5033022 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reasons for performing study Buprenorphine, a μ‐agonist opioid, has recently been licensed for equine use, but butorphanol, a κ‐agonist opioid, is more commonly used in horses. The effect of the 2 opioids has not previously been compared in a large clinical study. Objectives To compare post operative analgesia and physiological variables in horses undergoing elective surgery following premedication with either buprenorphine or butorphanol in a conventional clinical setting. Study design Multicentre, prospective, randomised, blinded clinical investigation. Methods Eighty‐nine healthy horses admitted for elective surgery to one of 6 UK equine veterinary clinics were premedicated with acepromazine, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, and romifidine followed by intravenous (i.v.) buprenorphine or butorphanol. Anaesthesia was induced with diazepam/ketamine and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. A range of surgical procedures were performed and supplementary anaesthetic agents given as required. Physiological variables were monitored during anaesthesia and pain, ataxia, sedation and vital function were assessed post operatively. Data were analysed using t‐tests, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U‐test and Chi‐squared test as appropriate and P<0.05 was regarded as significant, except for multiple comparisons, when P<0.01 was used. Results Surgery was carried out successfully in all cases and no mortality or serious morbidity occurred. Physiological variables remained within normal limits and all horses recovered successfully, most standing within 1 h of ceasing anaesthesia. There were no significant differences between groups in any variable except post operative pain when scores (simple descriptive scale) between 3 and 6 h were significantly lower after buprenorphine than after butorphanol. Conclusions Horses experienced less post operative pain after buprenorphine than after butorphanol premedication. Compared with butorphanol, buprenorphine did not cause any different effects on vital function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Taylor
- Taylor Monroe, Little Downham, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - H R Hoare
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Nottingham University, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - A de Vries
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - E J Love
- Equine First Opinion and Referral Clinic, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | | | - K L White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Nottingham University, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - J C Murrell
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Schauvliege
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
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Rigotti C, De Vries A, Taylor PM. Buprenorphine provides better anaesthetic conditions than butorphanol for field castration in ponies: results of a randomised clinical trial. Vet Rec 2014; 175:623. [PMID: 25262056 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A prospective, randomised, blinded, clinical trial in 47 ponies compared butorphanol and buprenorphine administered intravenously with detomidine prior to castration under anaesthesia. Detomidine 12 μg/kg intravenously was followed by butorphanol 25 μg/kg (BUT) or buprenorphine 5 μg/kg (BUP) before induction of anaesthesia with intravenous ketamine and diazepam. Quality of sedation, induction and recovery from anaesthesia, response to tactile stimulation, and surgical conditions were scored. If anaesthesia was inadequate 'rescue' was given with intravenous ketamine (maximum three doses) followed by intravenous thiopental and detomidine. Time from induction to first rescue, total ketamine dose and number of rescues were recorded. Postoperative locomotor activity was scored and abnormal behaviour noted. Simple descriptive scales were used for all scoring. Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance, t tests, Mann-Whitney or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate; P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Cryptorchid animals did not undergo surgery, but castration was successfully completed in 18 BUT and 20 BUP. More incremental ketamine (P=0.0310) and more rescue drugs (P=0.0165) were required in BUT and more postoperative locomotor activity occurred in BUP (P=0.0001). There were no other differences between groups. Both opioids were suitable for premedication prior to castration but buprenorphine appeared to provide better intraoperative analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rigotti
- School of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - A De Vries
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, UK
| | - P M Taylor
- Taylor Monroe, Gravel Head Farm, Downham Common, Ely CB6 2TY, UK
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Poller C, Hopster K, Rohn K, Kästner SBR. Nociceptive thermal threshold testing in horses - effect of neuroleptic sedation and neuroleptanalgesia at different stimulation sites. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:135. [PMID: 23837730 PMCID: PMC3708779 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aim of the study was to compare the effect of neuroleptic sedation with acepromazine and neuroleptanalgesia with acepromazine and buprenorphine on thermal thresholds (TT) obtained at the nostrils and at the withers. The study was carried out as a randomized, blinded, controlled trial with cross-over design. Thermal thresholds were determined by incremental contact heat applied to the skin above the nostril (N) or the withers (W). Eleven horses were treated with saline (S), acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) (ACE) or acepromazine and buprenorphine (0.0075 mg/kg) (AB) intravenously (IV). Single stimulations were performed 15 minutes prior and 15, 45, 75, 105, 165, 225, 285, 405 and 525 minutes after treatment. Sedation score, gastrointestinal auscultation score and occurrence of skin lesions were recorded. Data were analysed with analysis of variance for repeated measurements. Results There were no significant differences in TT between N and W with all treatments. The TT remained constant after S and there was no difference in TT between S and ACE. After AB there was a significant increase above baseline in TT until 405 minutes after treatment. Restlessness occurred 30–90 minutes after AB in 7 horses. All horses had reduced to absent borborygmi after AB administration for 165 to 495 minutes. Conclusion Thermal stimulation at both described body areas gives comparable results in the assessment of cutaneous anti-nociception in horses. There is no differential influence of neuroleptic sedation or neuroleptanalgesia on TTs obtained at N or W. Buprenorphine combined with acepromazine has a long lasting anti-nociceptive effect associated with the typical opioid induced side effects in horses.
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Love EJ, Taylor PM, Whay HR, Murrell J. Postcastration analgesia in ponies using buprenorphine hydrochloride. Vet Rec 2013; 172:635. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Love
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford Bristol BS40 5DU UK
| | - P. M. Taylor
- Taylor Monroe; Little Downham; Ely Cambridgeshire CB6 2TY UK
| | - H. R. Whay
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford Bristol BS40 5DU UK
| | - J. Murrell
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford Bristol BS40 5DU UK
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Taylor P, Coumbe K, Henson F, Scott D, Taylor A. Evaluation of sedation for standing clinical procedures in horses using detomidine combined with buprenorphine. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 41:14-24. [PMID: 23742694 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of including buprenorphine with detomidine for sedation of horses undergoing clinical procedures. STUDY DESIGN Partially blinded, randomised, prospective clinical field trial. ANIMALS Eighty four client-owned horses scheduled for minor surgery or diagnostic investigation under standing sedation. METHODS The effects of buprenorphine (5 μg kg(-1) ) (Group B, n = 46) or placebo (5% glucose solution) (Group C, n = 38) in combination with detomidine (10 μg kg(-1) ) were compared in standing horses undergoing minor clinical procedures. The primary outcome measure was successful completion of the procedure. The degree of sedation and ataxia were scored using simple descriptive scales. Heart and respiratory rates were recorded at 15-30 minute intervals. Parametric data from each group were compared using anova or t-test and non parametric data using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The procedure was carried out successfully in 91% of Group B and 63% of Group C (p < 0.01). Repeat dosing was required in 24% of Group B and 32% of Group C (p < 0.05). Sedation was more profound and lasted longer (60 versus 45 minutes) in Group B (p < 0.01). Ataxia occurred after detomidine, increased after buprenorphine but not glucose administration, was more profound in group B and lasted longer (60 versus 30 minutes) p < 0.001). Heart and respiratory rates remained within normal limits in both groups and there were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Buprenorphine 5 and 10 μg kg(-1) enhanced the sedation produced by detomidine 10 and 20 μg kg(-1) with minor side effects similar to other alpha2 agonist/opioid combinations. Detomidine-buprenorphine sedation is suitable for standing procedures in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Taylor
- Taylor Monroe, Gravel Head Farm, Little Downham, UK
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Ringer SK, Portier KG, Fourel I, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Development of a romifidine constant rate infusion with or without butorphanol for standing sedation of horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2012; 39:12-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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