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Cooper JL, Sharp CR, Boyd CJ, Claus MA, Rossi G. The hemostatic profile of cold-stored whole blood from non-greyhound and greyhound dogs over 42 days. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1135880. [PMID: 36937016 PMCID: PMC10019821 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1135880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the hemostatic characteristics of cold-stored whole blood (CSWB) from non-greyhound dogs (NGD) and greyhound dogs (GD) over 42 days of storage, notably, platelet closure time (PCT) (NGD only), manual platelet count (PLT) (GD only), ellagic acid (INTEM) and tissue factor activated (EXTEM) rotational thromboelastometry, prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen concentration (FIB), and the activities of factors (F) FII, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, FXIII antigen (FXIII:Ag), and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag). Design Whole blood from 10 NGD and 10 GD, was refrigerated in CPD blood bags at 4°C for 42 days. Blood was analyzed before refrigeration (day 0) and at day 1 (d1), 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 31, 35, 38, and 42. Multivariate linear mixed effects models were created to evaluate coagulation parameters over time and compare NGD and GD. Data are summarized as estimated marginal means with 95% confidence intervals. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The PCT for all NGD CSWB was above the device limit by d7. The PLT for GD CSWB did not change during storage. The mean alpha-angle for INTEM and EXTEM decreased to <50% of baseline at d38 and d31 for NGD, and d31 and d17 for GD CSWB. The mean maximum clot firmness (MCF) for INTEM and EXTEM reduced to <50% of baseline at d42 and d28 for both GD and NGD. PT and aPTT for NGD and GD increased over time. For NGD CSWB, the mean FVIII and vWF:Ag activities decreased to <50% of baseline at d7 and d28, respectively, and FIB reached 0.982 g/dL by d24. For GD CSWB, FVIII, FXIII:Ag and FV activities decreased to <50% of baseline by d3, d38, and d38, respectively, and FIB was 0.982 g/dL at baseline. Alpha-angle and MCF for both INTEM and EXTEM, and activities for FII, FV, FIX, FXIII:Ag were significantly lower, and vWF:Ag was significantly higher overall in GD CSWB compared with NGD. A significant difference in the pattern of change over time was detected between NGD and GD in EXTEM alpha-angle, INTEM and EXTEM MCF, FII, and FVIII activities. Conclusions The in vitro viscoelastic parameters of GD and NGD CSWB declines over 42 days, but numerous hemostatic parameters (INTEM and EXTEM alpha-angle and MCF, activity of FII, FV, FV, FVII, FIX, FX, FXIII:Ag, vWF:Ag, and FIB) remain within 50% of baseline for more than 14 days. CSWB from GD compared to NGD has reduced hemostatic activity overall, but a similar pattern of decline for most parameters over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Cooper
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Claire R. Sharp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Claire R. Sharp
| | - Corrin J. Boyd
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Melissa A. Claus
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Perth Veterinary Specialists, Osborne Park, WA, Australia
| | - Gabriel Rossi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Henry P, Loane S, Peschard A, Greville‐Heygate O, Skelly B. Idiopathic pancreatic haematoma in a lurcher dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Henry
- Department of Veterinary MedicineQueen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge UK
| | - Samantha Loane
- Department of Veterinary MedicineQueen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge UK
| | | | | | - Barbara Skelly
- Department of Veterinary MedicineQueen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge UK
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Davis M, Bracker K. Retrospective Study of 122 Dogs That Were Treated with the Antifibrinolytic Drug Aminocaproic Acid: 2010-2012. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 52:144-8. [PMID: 27008326 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antifibrinolytic drugs are used to promote hemostasis and decrease the need for red blood cell transfusion. Medical records of 122 dogs that were prescribed either oral or intravenous aminocaproic acid between 2010 and 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. Of the 122 dogs, three experienced possible drug-related adverse effects. No significant differences were identified between dogs that experienced adverse effects and those that did not and the possible adverse effects noted were all minor. All dogs that received packed red blood cell transfusions were evaluated for correlations between baseline packed cell volume or dose of red blood cells and aminocaproic acid dose and no correlation was identified. Dogs that received aminocaproic acid as a treatment for active bleeding were divided by cause of hemorrhage into the following groups: neoplastic, non-neoplastic, and unknown. No significant differences in aminocaproic acid dose or the percentage of patients requiring a blood transfusion were identified between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Davis
- From the Department of Emergency/Critical Care, Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Kiko Bracker
- From the Department of Emergency/Critical Care, Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, MA
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McBride D, Hosgood G, Raisis A, Smart L. Platelet closure time in anesthetized Greyhounds with hemorrhagic shock treated with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 or 0.9% sodium chloride infusions. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2016; 26:509-15. [PMID: 27002312 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure platelet closure time (PCT) in dogs during controlled hemorrhagic shock and after fluid resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 or 0.9% sodium chloride. DESIGN Experimental interventional study. SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Eleven healthy Greyhounds. INTERVENTIONS Dogs were anesthetized and had 48 mL/kg of blood removed to induce hemorrhagic shock. Dogs received 20 mL/kg of HES 130/0.4 (n = 6) or 80 mL/kg of 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl; n = 5) intravenously over 20 minutes. PCT was measured using the Platelet Function Analyzer-100 with collagen and adenosine-diphosphate cartridges at: T0 = 60 minutes after induction of anesthesia prior to hemorrhage, T1 = during hemorrhagic shock, and T2 = 40 minutes after completion of fluid bolus. Packed cell volume and platelet count were concurrently measured. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS Hemorrhagic shock did not significantly change PCT, with no difference between T0 and T1. Both the HES 130/0.4 and 0.9% NaCl group had a significantly increased mean PCT at T2 of 91.4 seconds (95% CI 69.3-113.4) and 95.5 seconds (95% CI 78.2-112.8), respectively, compared to T1. The magnitude of change was significantly greater for the 0.9% NaCl group than the HES 130/0.4 group. There was no difference in the magnitude of change in PCV and platelet count between the 2 groups. The PCV and platelet count were >25% and >100,000/μL, respectively, in all dogs, except for dogs in the HES 130/0.4 group at T2 where platelet counts were <100,000/μL. CONCLUSION Controlled hemorrhagic shock in Greyhounds under anesthesia did not cause a significant change in PCT. Both HES 130/0.4 and 0.9% NaCl administration after induction of shock increased PCT. These results do not support that HES 130/0.4 causes relevant platelet dysfunction beyond hemodilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duana McBride
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Service, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Giselle Hosgood
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Service, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Anthea Raisis
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Service, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Lisa Smart
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch Drive, Western Australia, Australia
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Kelley D, Lester C, Shaw S, de Laforcade A, Webster CRL. Thromboelastographic Evaluation of Dogs with Acute Liver Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1053-62. [PMID: 26179169 PMCID: PMC4895357 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the liver's pivotal role in hemostasis and fibrinolysis, the coagulopathy accompanying hepatic disease is complex. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To prospectively evaluate kaolin-activated thromboelastography (TEG) in dogs with acute liver disease (ALD) and compare with plasma-based coagulation tests. ANIMALS Twenty-one dogs with a diagnosis of ALD based on recent onset of clinical signs accompanied by increases in serum bilirubin concentration and alanine aminotransferase activity. METHODS Clinical presentation, CBC, serum biochemistry, platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and TEG analysis were evaluated in 21 dogs with a subset also having fibrinogen, antithrombin (AT) activity, protein C (PC) activity, d-dimers, and von Willebrand's factor (vWF) activity analyzed. A PT >1.5 times the upper limit of normal defined acute liver failure (ALF). RESULTS Dogs with ALD had mean increases in R, K, LY30, PT, aPTT, and vWF activity, and decreases in angle, maximal amplitude (MA), G, AT activity, and PC activity. The TEG results defined dogs as hypocoagulable (11/21), normocoagulable (8/21), or hypercoagulable (2/21). Increases in LY30 defined 8/21 dogs as hyperfibrinolytic. Hypocoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic dogs had lower fibrinogen and PC activity than dogs without these abnormalities. Overall, ALF dogs had greater increases in K and LY30, and decreases in MA, G, and PC activity than dogs with less severe hepatic impairment. Results for MA and LY30 were positively correlated with serum bilirubin concentration and white blood cell count, and negatively correlated with serum cholesterol concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE ALD dogs have a range of coagulation abnormalities that trend toward hypocoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis as functional impairment occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kelley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - C Lester
- Ocean State Veterinary Specialists, East Greenwich, RI
| | - S Shaw
- VCA Animal Hospitals, Los Angeles, CA
| | - A de Laforcade
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - C R L Webster
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
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Bruno B, Maurella C, Falco S, Tarducci A, Zanatta R, Gianella P, D'Angelo A, Piras L, Di Bella A, Borrelli A. Assessment of coagulation utilizing thromboelastometry in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2015; 25:358-63. [PMID: 25845837 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate blood coagulation using thromboelastometry in dogs following orthopedic surgery. DESIGN Longitudinal observational study. SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Thirty-four adult client-owned dogs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Dogs undergoing elective or emergency orthopedic surgery had whole blood collected before (T0), at 24 hours (T1), and 1 week (T2) after surgery. Whole blood from each dog was collected by jugular venipuncture using a 20-Ga needle and minimum venous stasis. The blood was placed into tubes containing 3.8% trisodium citrate (1 part citrate: 9 parts blood) and rested at 37°C. Coagulation was evaluated by means of thromboelastometry using the in-TEM, ex-TEM, and fib-TEM assays. Statistically significant increases (P < 0.05) in maximum clot firmness (MCF) from T0 to T1 in the in-TEM and fib-TEM profiles (both P = 0.0001), from T0 to T2 in the in-TEM, ex-TEM, and fib-TEM profiles (P = 0.012, P = 0.037, and P = 0.0001, respectively), and from T1 to T2 in the fib-TEM profile (P = 0.039) were noted. The α angle increased from T0 to T2 in the in-TEM and ex-TEM profiles (P = 0.019 and P = 0.036, respectively). All results were, however, within the institutional reference ranges. CONCLUSIONS In this study, unlike the hypercoagulability observed in human orthopedic patients, a hypercoagulable state as measured by thromboelastometry did not develop in dogs following orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bruno
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Medicine Section, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Sara Falco
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Medicine Section, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Tarducci
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Medicine Section, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Renato Zanatta
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Medicine Section, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Gianella
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Medicine Section, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Medicine Section, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Lisa Piras
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Medicine Section, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Borrelli
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Medicine Section, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
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Hanel RM, Chan DL, Conner B, Gauthier V, Holowaychuk M, Istvan S, Walker JM, Wood D, Goggs R, Wiinberg B. Systematic evaluation of evidence on veterinary viscoelastic testing Part 4: Definitions and data reporting. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014; 24:47-56. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita M. Hanel
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27607
| | - Daniel L. Chan
- Clinical Science and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; University to London; North Mymms; Hertfordshire UK AL9 7TA
| | - Bobbi Conner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32608
| | - Vincent Gauthier
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON N1L 1G6
| | - Marie Holowaychuk
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON N1L 1G6
| | | | - Julie M. Walker
- Department of Medical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI
| | - Darren Wood
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON N1L 1G6
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
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de Laforcade A, Goggs R, Wiinberg B. Systematic evaluation of evidence on veterinary viscoelastic testing Part 3: Assay activation and test protocol. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014; 24:37-46. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armelle de Laforcade
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton MA
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY, 14853
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Goggs R, Brainard B, de Laforcade AM, Flatland B, Hanel R, McMichael M, Wiinberg B. Partnership on Rotational ViscoElastic Test Standardization (PROVETS): Evidence-based guidelines on rotational viscoelastic assays in veterinary medicine. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014; 24:1-22. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
| | - Benjamin Brainard
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602
| | - Armelle M. de Laforcade
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; North Grafton MA 01536
| | - Bente Flatland
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996
| | - Rita Hanel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; NC State University; Raleigh NC 27607
| | - Maureen McMichael
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; Urbana IL 61801
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Spodsberg EH, Wiinberg B, Jessen LR, Marschner CB, Kristensen AT. Endogenous fibrinolytic potential in tissue-plasminogen activator-modified thromboelastography analysis is significantly decreased in dogs suffering from diseases predisposing to thrombosis. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:281-90. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva H. Spodsberg
- Department of Clinical Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University Hospital for Companion Animals; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C; Denmark
| | - Bo Wiinberg
- Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit; Novo Nordisk A/S; Måløv; Denmark
| | - Lisbeth R. Jessen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University Hospital for Companion Animals; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C; Denmark
| | - Clara B. Marschner
- Department of Clinical Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University Hospital for Companion Animals; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C; Denmark
| | - Annemarie T. Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University Hospital for Companion Animals; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C; Denmark
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Marín LM, Iazbik MC, Zaldivar-Lopez S, Guillaumin J, McLoughlin MA, Couto CG. Epsilon aminocaproic acid for the prevention of delayed postoperative bleeding in retired racing greyhounds undergoing gonadectomy. Vet Surg 2012; 41:594-603. [PMID: 22712787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) on the prevalence of postoperative bleeding in retired racing Greyhounds (RRG), and to assess its effects on selected thrombelastography (TEG) and fibrinolysis variables. STUDY DESIGN Double-blinded, prospective, randomized study. METHODS 100 RRG had elective ovariohysterectomy or orchiectomy and were administered EACA or placebo for 3 days after surgery. TEG variables were analyzed preoperatively and 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. RESULTS Thirty percent (15/50) of RRG in the placebo group had delayed postoperative bleeding starting 36-48 hours after surgery compared with 10% (5/50) in the EACA group (P = .012). On the TEG variables, the slopes for R and K time were significantly different between treatment groups (P <.05); the R and K time decreased over time in the EACA group after surgery whereas they increased in the placebo group. The angle, maximal amplitude (MA), and G slopes were also significantly different between treatment groups (P = .001, .001, and .006, respectively). The angle, MA, and G increased postoperatively over time in the EACA group and decreased in the placebo group. All these changes are supportive of hypercoagulability associated with EACA administration. CONCLUSION Postoperative administration of EACA significantly decreased the prevalence of postoperative bleeding in RRG undergoing surgery by increasing the clot strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana M Marín
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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