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Bessega C, Vilardi JC, Cony M, Saidman B, Pometti C. Low genetic variation of foliar traits among Prosopis chilensis (Leguminosae) provenances. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:221-234. [PMID: 35149910 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (Leguminosae) is a valuable native species in Argentina that has been proposed to be used in reforestation, afforestation and restoration programmes. Natural provenances show important differentiation in height, shape, spine size, fruits and foliar traits throughout their distribution in the semiarid Monte ecoregion. The goal of this work was to characterize the genetic basis of the leaf variation in P. chilensis aiming to contribute to the improvement management program. We analyzed morphological variation and estimate narrow sense heritability for ten quantitative traits from a provenance-progeny trial founded from open pollinated families. We assessed the variance components by a generalized linear mixed model. Differences among provenances were quantified through univariate QST statistics and multivariate discriminant analysis of principal components. Finally, univariate and multivariate neutrality test were conducted to unveil the evolutionary forces that shape the variation. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed low genetic variation in foliar traits among provenances grown in the common garden. Consistently, the QST estimates for each trait were low. Both, the univariate (QST-FST comparison) and the multivariate neutrality test suggest that the leaf variation among provenances may be shaped by genetic drift rather than selective forces. Heritability estimates were significant only for leaflet apex and leaflet apex/leaflet area. Since genetic variation for most foliar traits among provenances estimated under controlled environmental conditions were very low or absent, the variation described in the wild would be explained merely by plastic response to varying environments. These results are discussed in terms of adaptive strategies and the use of different provenances as seed sources within the framework of the improvement program. It is expected that P. chilensis seeds or seedlings from trees selected under economical criteria will be able to develop in different areas thanks to the phenotypic plasticity of leaf traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bessega
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento Ecología, Genética y Evolución (EGE), Intendente Guiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, CABA (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Int. Guiraldes 2160 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan Cesar Vilardi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento Ecología, Genética y Evolución (EGE), Intendente Guiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, CABA (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Int. Guiraldes 2160 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Cony
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las zonas Áridas (IADIZA-CONICET)-CCT, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Saidman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento Ecología, Genética y Evolución (EGE), Intendente Guiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, CABA (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Int. Guiraldes 2160 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Pometti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento Ecología, Genética y Evolución (EGE), Intendente Guiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, CABA (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Int. Guiraldes 2160 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ecophylogeography of the disjunct South American xerophytic tree species Prosopis chilensis (Fabaceae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe intraspecific evolutionary history of South American xerophytic plant species has been poorly explored. The tree species Prosopis chilensis has a disjunct distribution in four South American regions: southern Peru, southern Bolivia, central–western Argentina and central Chile. Here, we combined phylogeographical (based on chloroplast and nuclear markers), morphological and climatic data to evaluate the relative contribution of historical demo-stochastic and adaptive processes in differentiating the disjunct areas of distribution. The results obtained with the two molecular markers revealed two closely related phylogroups (Northern and Southern, predominating in Bolivian Chaco and in Argentine Chaco/Monte, respectively), which would have diverged at ~5 Mya, probably associated with transgression of the Paranaense Sea. Bolivia and Argentina have a larger number of exclusive haplotypes/alleles and higher molecular diversity than Chile, suggesting a long-lasting in situ persistence in the former and a relatively recent colonization in the latter, from the Bolivian and Argentinian lineages. The two main lineages differ in morphology and climatic niche, revealing two significant, independent evolutionary units within P. chilensis promoted by local adaptation and geographical isolation.
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Westberg E, Ohali S, Shevelevich A, Fine P, Barazani O. Environmental effects on molecular and phenotypic variation in populations of Eruca sativa across a steep climatic gradient. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2471-84. [PMID: 24567822 PMCID: PMC3930051 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Israel Eruca sativa has a geographically narrow distribution across a steep climatic gradient that ranges from mesic Mediterranean to hot desert environments. These conditions offer an opportunity to study the influence of the environment on intraspecific genetic variation. For this, we combined an analysis of neutral genetic markers with a phenotypic evaluation in common-garden experiments, and environmental characterization of populations that included climatic and edaphic parameters, as well as geographic distribution. A Bayesian clustering of individuals from nine representative populations based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) divided the populations into a southern and a northern geographic cluster, with one admixed population at the geographic border between them. Linear mixed models, with cluster added as a grouping factor, revealed no clear effects of environment or geography on genetic distances, but this may be due to a strong association of geography and environment with genetic clusters. However, environmental factors accounted for part of the phenotypic variation observed in the common-garden experiments. In addition, candidate loci for selection were identified by association with environmental parameters and by two outlier methods. One locus, identified by all three methods, also showed an association with trichome density and herbivore damage, in net-house and field experiments, respectively. Accordingly, we propose that because trichomes are directly linked to defense against both herbivores and excess radiation, they could potentially be related to adaptive variation in these populations. These results demonstrate the value of combining environmental and phenotypic data with a detailed genetic survey when studying adaptation in plant populations. This article describes the use of several types of data to estimate the influence of the environment on intraspecific genetic variation in populations originating from a steep climatic gradient. In addition to molecular marker data, we made use of phenotypic evaluation from common garden experiments, and a broad GIS based environmental data with edaphic information gathered in the field. This study, among others, lead to the identification of an outlier locus with an association to trichome formation and herbivore defense, and its ecological adaptive value is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Westberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Israel Plant Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Organization50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzD-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shachar Ohali
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Israel Plant Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Organization50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Anatoly Shevelevich
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Israel Plant Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Organization50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Pinchas Fine
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Oz Barazani
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Israel Plant Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Organization50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Ferreyra LI, Bessega C, Vilardi JC, Saidman BO. Consistency of population genetics parameters estimated from isozyme and RAPDs dataset in species of genus Prosopis (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Genetica 2007; 131:217-30. [PMID: 17242965 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-006-9132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variability, population structure and differentiation among 17 populations of 5 species and 2 natural interspecific hybrids of section Algarobia of genus Prosopis were analyzed from data of 23 isozyme and 28 RAPD loci. Both markers indicated that the studied populations are highly variable. P. alba populations in average showed lower values of genetic variability estimates from isozyme data, but this trend was not observed for RAPD markers. The hierarchical analyses of the distribution of genetic variability showed that the highest proportion of variation occurred within populations, the differentiation among species was intermediate and the lowest component was observed among populations within species. The consistency between results from both dataset implies that they are not biased and reflect the actual genetic structure of the populations analyzed. The matrices of Euclidean distances obtained from the two sets of markers were highly correlated according to Mantel test. In both cases the corresponding phenogram and MDS plot tended to cluster conspecific populations while hybrid populations were not intermediate between putative parents. Some disagreements between isozyme and RAPD phenograms were observed mainly in the affinities of hybrid populations. Such inconsistencies might result from reticular rather than dichotomic evolutionary relationships. The phenetic associations retrieved gave no support to the division of the section Algarobia into series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inés Ferreyra
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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