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Tang H, Feng G, Zhao J, Ouyang Q, Liu X, Jiang X, Deng M, Xie Z, Chen F, Zhou X, Li R, Yin Y. Determination and Prediction of Amino Acid Digestibility in Rapeseed Cake for Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2764. [PMID: 39409713 PMCID: PMC11482631 DOI: 10.3390/ani14192764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The experiment was conducted to determine the apparent or standardized ileal digestibility (AID or SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in 10 rapeseed cake samples fed to pigs, and to construct predictive models for the SID of CP and AA based on the chemical composition of rapeseed cakes. METHODS Twenty-two cannulated pigs (initial body weight: 39.8 ± 1.2 kg) were assigned to two 11 × 3 incomplete Latin square designs, including an N-free diet and 10 diets containing rapeseed cake. Each experimental period included 5 days of adaptation and 2 days of ileal digesta collection. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was added at 0.3% to all the diets as an indigestible marker for calculating the ileal CP and AA digestibility. RESULTS The coefficients of variation (CV) of the content of crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total glucosinolates (TGS) in 10 samples of rapeseed cake were greater than 10%. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), and tryptophan (Trp) in rapeseed cake was 73.34% (61.49 to 81.12%), 63.01% (41.41 to 73.10%), 69.47% (50.55 to 88.16%), 79.61% (74.41 to 87.58%), and 94.43% (91.34 to 97.20%), respectively. The best prediction equations for SIDCP, SIDLys, and SIDVal were as follows: SIDCP = 90.124 - 0.54NDF (R2 = 0.58), SIDLys = 100.107 - 1.229NDF (R2 = 0.94), and SIDVal = 151.012 - 2.990TGS (R2 = 0.57). CONCLUSION Overall, great variation exists among the 10 rapeseed cakes, and the NDF, TGS, and heating temperature can be used as the key predictors for the SID of CP and AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.T.); (J.Z.); (Q.O.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (M.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ganyi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jingfeng Zhao
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.T.); (J.Z.); (Q.O.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (M.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.T.); (J.Z.); (Q.O.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (M.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.T.); (J.Z.); (Q.O.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (M.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xianji Jiang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.T.); (J.Z.); (Q.O.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (M.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Menglong Deng
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.T.); (J.Z.); (Q.O.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (M.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.F.); (X.Z.)
| | | | - Fengming Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410129, China;
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Rui Li
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.T.); (J.Z.); (Q.O.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (M.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.T.); (J.Z.); (Q.O.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (M.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.F.); (X.Z.)
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Soderstrom AJ, Wang LF, Patterson R, Beltranena E, Zijlstra RT. Feeding a Multi-Enzyme Blend to Enhance the Nutrient Digestibility of Wheat-Canola Expeller Diets in Ileal-Cannulated Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1644. [PMID: 38891694 PMCID: PMC11170982 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Canola expeller (CE) contains ~200 g/kg residual oil, but also fiber that impairs nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs. To study if feed enzymes increase digestibility, six diets containing either the basal or two CE samples mixed in at 250 g/kg (CE-A or CE-B) were formulated with or without a multi-enzyme blend containing cellulase, xylanase, glucanase, amylase, protease, invertase, and pectinase. The basal diet containing 620 g/kg wheat and 150 g/kg barley served as control. Twelve ileal-cannulated barrows (9-15 kg) were fed the six diets in a replicated 6 (pigs) × 3 (periods) Youden square. Ileal digestibility of gross energy and amino acids was 5% greater for basal than CE diets without differences between CE samples. Diet energy values were 4% greater for CE than basal diets due to residual oil in CE. Inclusion of the multi-enzyme blend increased total tract digestibility of energy of the basal but not CE diets by 2%. Net energy value was greater for CE-A than CE-B because CE-A contained more residual oil. In conclusion, feeding 250 g/kg CE increased diet energy values; thus, CE can substitute added fat in weaned pig diets. Feeding the multi-enzyme blend increased the energy digestibility of wheat and barley-based diets fed to weaned pigs. However, research is needed to identify enzyme combinations that increase the nutrient digestibility of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Janine Soderstrom
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada (E.B.)
| | - Li Fang Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada (E.B.)
| | | | - Eduardo Beltranena
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada (E.B.)
| | - Ruurd T. Zijlstra
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada (E.B.)
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Niu Y, Rogiewicz A, Patterson R, Slominski BA. Enhancing the nutritive value of canola meal for broiler chickens through enzymatic modifications. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad233. [PMID: 37422800 PMCID: PMC10358223 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic modification of canola meal (CM) is a potential method to enhance its nutritional value as it can depolymerize nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) and mitigate its potential antinutritive properties. Based on the previous studies, pectinase A (PA), pectinase B (PB), xylanase B (XB), and invertase (Inv) were used for the enzymatic modifications. The highest NSP depolymerization ratio was obtained when 4 g/kg of each PA, PB, and XB, and 0.2 g/kg of Inv were used during 48 h incubation at 40 °C. In the current study, changes in pH, simple sugars, sucrose, oligosaccharides, and NSP contents during the enzymatic modification (CM+E) of CM were measured and compared to Control (CM) without enzymes addition or with the addition of bacteriostat sodium azide (CM+E+NaN3). The results showed that spontaneous fermentation occurred during incubation. After incubation, the pH of the slurry decreased, lactic acid was produced, phytate disappeared, and the concentration of simple sugars decreased substantially. The NSP of the slurry was progressively depolymerized by the enzyme blend. The chemical composition and nutritive value of enzymatically-modified CM (ECM) were evaluated. Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 18 cages of six birds each for the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) assay. A corn/soybean meal-based basal diet formulated to meet Ross 308 breeder recommendations and two test diets contained 70% of the basal diet and 30% of CM or ECM, respectively, were fed to Ross 308 from 13 to 17 d of age. No difference was observed between SIAAD of CM and ECM. The AMEn value of ECM was 2118.0 kcal/kg on a dry matter basis which was 30.9% greater (P < 0.05) than the CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Niu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3N2, Canada
| | - Anna Rogiewicz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3N2, Canada
| | | | - Bogdan A Slominski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3N2, Canada
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Taranu I, Marin D, Pistol G, Untea A, Vlassa M, Filip M, Gras M, Rotar C, Anghel A. Assessment of the ability of dietary yeast-fermented rapeseed
meal to modulate inflammatory and oxidative stress
in piglets after weaning. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/148055/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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