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Kuraz Abebe B, Wang J, Guo J, Wang H, Li A, Zan L. A review of the role of epigenetic studies for intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle. Gene 2024; 908:148295. [PMID: 38387707 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition profoundly influences meat quality and economic value in beef cattle production. Meanwhile, contemporary developments in epigenetics have opened new outlooks for understanding the molecular basics of IMF regulation, and it has become a key area of research for world scholars. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to provide insight and synthesis into the intricate relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and IMF deposition in beef cattle. The methodology involves a thorough analysis of existing literature, including pertinent books, academic journals, and online resources, to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of epigenetic studies in IMF deposition in beef cattle. This review summarizes the contemporary studies in epigenetic mechanisms in IMF regulation, high-resolution epigenomic mapping, single-cell epigenomics, multi-omics integration, epigenome editing approaches, longitudinal studies in cattle growth, environmental epigenetics, machine learning in epigenetics, ethical and regulatory considerations, and translation to industry practices from perspectives of IMF deposition in beef cattle. Moreover, this paper highlights DNA methylation, histone modifications, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, non-coding RNAs, DNA hydroxymethylation, epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, whole genome bisulfite sequencing, epigenome-wide association studies, and their profound impact on the expression of crucial genes governing adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. Nutrition and stress also have significant influences on epigenetic modifications and IMF deposition. The key findings underscore the pivotal role of epigenetic studies in understanding and enhancing IMF deposition in beef cattle, with implications for precision livestock farming and ethical livestock management. In conclusion, this review highlights the crucial significance of epigenetic pathways and environmental factors in affecting IMF deposition in beef cattle, providing insightful information for improving the economics and meat quality of cattle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Kuraz Abebe
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China; Department of Animal Science, Werabe University, P.O. Box 46, Werabe, Ethiopia
| | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Abebe BK, Wang H, Li A, Zan L. A review of the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:235-256. [PMID: 38146089 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, genomic selection and other refined strategies have been used to increase the growth rate and lean meat production of beef cattle. Nevertheless, the fast growth rates of cattle breeds are often accompanied by a reduction in intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, impairing meat quality. Transcription factors play vital roles in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. Meanwhile, understanding the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle has gained significant attention to increase IMF deposition and meat quality. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to provide a comprehensive summary and valuable insight into the complex role of transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. This review summarizes the contemporary studies in transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, genome-wide analysis of transcription factors, epigenetic regulation of transcription factors, nutritional regulation of transcription factors, metabolic signalling pathways, functional genomics methods, transcriptomic profiling of adipose tissues, transcription factors and meat quality and comparative genomics with other livestock species. In conclusion, transcription factors play a crucial role in promoting adipocyte development and fatty acid biosynthesis in beef cattle. They control adipose tissue formation and metabolism, thereby improving meat quality and maintaining metabolic balance. Understanding the processes by which these transcription factors regulate adipose tissue deposition and lipid metabolism will simplify the development of marbling or IMF composition in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Kuraz Abebe
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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3
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Espinales C, Baldeón M, Bravo C, Toledo H, Carballo J, Romero-Peña M, Cáceres PJ. Strategies for Healthier Meat Foods: An Overview. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:18-30. [PMID: 38576885 PMCID: PMC10987382 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional food products remain the focus of current market trends toward healthier nutrition. The consumption of meat-based functional foods has been a topic of interest in food innovation since some of these products generate controversy due to their possible adverse effects on health. However, studies have demonstrated that meat-based functional products are considered an opportunity to improve the nutritional profile of meat products through the addition of biologically valuable components and to meet the specific needs of consumers. In this sense, some strategies and techniques are applied for processing and developing functional meat products, such as modifying carcass composition through feeding, reformulating meat products, and processing conditions. This review focuses on presenting developed and evaluated strategies that allow the production of healthy and functional meat foods, which application has successfully achieved the sensory, nutritional, and technological parameters mainly affected by such application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Espinales
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
| | - María Baldeón
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
| | - Cinthya Bravo
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
| | - Howard Toledo
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
| | - José Carballo
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María Romero-Peña
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
- Saskatchewan Food Industry Development Centre (SFIDC), Saskatoon S7M 5V1, Canada
| | - Patricio J. Cáceres
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
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4
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Çömlekcioğlu U, Jezierska S, Opsomer G, Pascottini OB. Uterine microbial ecology and disease in cattle: A review. Theriogenology 2024; 213:66-78. [PMID: 37804686 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the critical contribution of the uterine-associated microbiota in reproductive health, physiology, and performance, culture-independent methods have been increasingly employed to unravel key aspects of microbial ecology in the uterus of cattle. Nowadays, we know that bacterial diversity is crucial to maintain uterine health, however, there is still no consensus on the exact composition of a healthy uterine microbiota (or eubiosis). Generally, loss of bacterial diversity (or dysbiosis) contributes to the development of uterine infections, associated with increased relative abundances of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Trueperella, and Porphyromonas. Uterine infections are highly prevalent and gravely influence the profitability of cattle operations, animal welfare, and public health. Thus, understanding the dynamics of uterine microbial ecology is essential to develop effective strategies focused on preventing and mitigating the adverse effects of uterine dysbiosis as well as assisting in the process of restoring the core, healthy uterine microbiota. The aim of this review is to summarize research conducted in the microbial ecology of bovine uteri. We discuss the origin of the uterine microflora of healthy cows and the factors influencing its composition. In addition, we review the biology of specific pathogens that are known to increase in abundance during the occurrence of uterine disease. Lastly, we provide an overview of the bacterial biofilm in the bovine endometrium, and we briefly summarize the rationale for the use of probiotics to prevent uterine disease in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Çömlekcioğlu
- Department of Biology, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 8000, Osmaniye, Turkiye; Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Geert Opsomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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5
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Fabjanowska J, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Klebaniuk R, Milewski S, Gümüş H. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Nutritional Support of the Reproductive and Immune System of Cattle-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3589. [PMID: 38003206 PMCID: PMC10668692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the role of n-3 fatty acids as a nutrient crucial to the proper functioning of reproductive and immune systems in cattle. Emphasis was placed on the connection between maternal and offspring immunity. The summarized results confirm the importance and beneficial effect of n-3 family fatty acids on ruminant organisms. Meanwhile, dietary n-3 fatty acids supplementation, especially during the critical first week for dairy cows experiencing their peripartum period, in general, is expected to enhance reproductive performance, and the impact of its supplementation appears to be dependent on body condition scores of cows during the drying period, the severity of the negative energy balance, and the amount of fat in the basic feed ration. An unbalanced, insufficient, or excessive fatty acid supplementation of cows' diets in the early stages of pregnancy (during fetus development) may affect both the metabolic and nutritional programming of the offspring. The presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family in the calves' ration affects not only the performance of calves but also the immune response, antioxidant status, and overall metabolism of the future adult cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fabjanowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hıdır Gümüş
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030 Burdur, Türkiye;
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6
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Malik PK, Trivedi S, Kolte AP, Mohapatra A, Biswas S, Bhattar AVK, Bhatta R, Rahman H. Comparative analysis of rumen metagenome, metatranscriptome, fermentation and methane yield in cattle and buffaloes fed on the same diet. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1266025. [PMID: 38029196 PMCID: PMC10666647 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1266025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A study to compare the rumen microbial community composition, functional potential of the microbiota, methane (CH4) yield, and rumen fermentation was conducted in adult male cattle and buffaloes fed on the same diet. A total of 41 phyla, 169 orders, 374 families, and 1,376 microbial genera were identified in the study. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the two most dominant bacterial phyla in both cattle and buffaloes. However, there was no difference in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the rumen metagenome of cattle and buffaloes. Based on the abundance, the Proteobacteria was the 3rd largest phylum in the metagenome, constituting 18-20% in both host species. Euryarchaeota was the most abundant phylum of the methanogens, whereas Methanobacteriales and Methanobrevibacter were the most abundant orders and genera in both species. The methanogen abundances were not different between the two host species. Like the metagenome, the difference between the compositional and functional abundances (metagenome vs. metatranscriptome) of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was not significant, whereas the proteobacteria were functionally less active than their metagenomic composition. Contrary to the metagenome, the Euryarchaeota was the 3rd most functional phylum in the rumen and constituted ~15% of the metatranscriptome. Methanobacteriales were the most functional methanogens, accounting for more than 2/3rd of the total archaeal functionality. These results indicated that the methanogens from Euryarchaeota were functionally more active as compared to their compositional abundance. The CH4 yield (g/kg DMI), CH4 emission (g/kg DDM), dry matter (DM) intake, and rumen fermentation did not vary between the two host species. Overall, the study established a substantial difference between the compositional abundances and metabolic functionality of the rumen microbiota; however, feeding cattle and buffaloes on the same diet resulted in similar microbiota composition, metabolic functionality, and CH4 yield. Further studies are warranted to investigate the effect of different diets and environments on the composition and metabolic functionality of the rumen microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Shraddha Trivedi
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul P. Kolte
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Archit Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Siddharth Biswas
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Habibar Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
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7
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Kumar P, Abubakar AA, Verma AK, Umaraw P, Adewale Ahmed M, Mehta N, Nizam Hayat M, Kaka U, Sazili AQ. New insights in improving sustainability in meat production: opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11830-11858. [PMID: 35821661 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2096562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treating livestock as senseless production machines has led to rampant depletion of natural resources, enhanced greenhouse gas emissions, gross animal welfare violations, and other ethical issues. It has essentially instigated constant scrutiny of conventional meat production by various experts and scientists. Sustainably in the meat sector is a big challenge which requires a multifaced and holistic approach. Novel tools like digitalization of the farming system and livestock market, precision livestock farming, application of remote sensing and artificial intelligence to manage production and environmental impact/GHG emission, can help in attaining sustainability in this sector. Further, improving nutrient use efficiency and recycling in feed and animal production through integration with agroecology and industrial ecology, improving individual animal and herd health by ensuring proper biosecurity measures and selective breeding, and welfare by mitigating animal stress during production are also key elements in achieving sustainability in meat production. In addition, sustainability bears a direct relationship with various social dimensions of meat production efficiency such as non-market attributes, balance between demand and consumption, market and policy failures. The present review critically examines the various aspects that significantly impact the efficiency and sustainability of meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramila Umaraw
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muideen Adewale Ahmed
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nitin Mehta
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Muhammad Nizam Hayat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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Kertz NC, Banerjee P, Dyce PW, Diniz WJS. Harnessing Genomics and Transcriptomics Approaches to Improve Female Fertility in Beef Cattle-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3284. [PMID: 37894009 PMCID: PMC10603720 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Female fertility is the foundation of the cow-calf industry, impacting both efficiency and profitability. Reproductive failure is the primary reason why beef cows are sold in the U.S. and the cause of an estimated annual gross loss of USD 2.8 billion. In this review, we discuss the status of the genomics, transcriptomics, and systems genomics approaches currently applied to female fertility and the tools available to cow-calf producers to maximize genetic progress. We highlight the opportunities and limitations associated with using genomic and transcriptomic approaches to discover genes and regulatory mechanisms related to beef fertility. Considering the complex nature of fertility, significant advances in precision breeding will rely on holistic, multidisciplinary approaches to further advance our ability to understand, predict, and improve reproductive performance. While these technologies have advanced our knowledge, the next step is to translate research findings from bench to on-farm applications.
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9
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Sood V, Rodas-González A, Valente TS, Virtuoso MCS, Li C, Lam S, López-Campos Ó, Segura J, Basarab J, Juárez M. Genome-wide association study for primal cut lean traits in Canadian beef cattle. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109274. [PMID: 37437385 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This study identified genomic variants and underlying candidate genes related to the whole carcass and individual primal cut lean content in Canadian commercial crossbred beef cattle. Genotyping information of 1035 crossbred beef cattle were available alongside estimated and actual carcass lean meat yield and individual primal cut lean content in all carcasses. Significant fixed effects and covariates were identified and included in the animal model. Genome-wide association analysis were implemented using the weighted single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (WssGBLUP). A number of candidate genes identified linked to lean tissue production were unrelated to estimated lean meat yield and were specific to the actual lean traits. Among these, 41 genes were common for actual lean traits, on specific regions of BTA4, BTA13 and BTA25 indicating potential involvement in lean mass synthesis. Therefore, the results suggested the inclusion of primal cut lean traits as a selection objective in breeding programs with consideration of further functional studies of the identified genes could help in optimizing lean yield for maximal carcass value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipasha Sood
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Argenis Rodas-González
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tiago S Valente
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marcos Claudio S Virtuoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Changxi Li
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lam
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Óscar López-Campos
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Jose Segura
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - John Basarab
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Manuel Juárez
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada.
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Baruselli PS, de Abreu LÂ, de Paula VR, Carvalho B, Gricio EA, Mori FK, Rebeis LM, Albertini S, de Souza AH, D’Occhio M. Applying assisted reproductive technology and reproductive management to reduce CO 2-equivalent emission in dairy and beef cattle: a review. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230060. [PMID: 37720728 PMCID: PMC10503887 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Methane emission from beef and dairy cattle combined contributes around 4.5-5.0% of total anthropogenic global methane. In addition to enteric methane (CH4) produced by the rumen, cattle production also contributes carbon dioxide (CO2) (feed), nitrous oxide (N2O) (feed production, manure) and other CH4 (manure) to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of beef and dairy production systems. The relative contribution in standard dairy systems is typically enteric CH4 58%, feed 29% and manure 10%. Herds with low production efficiency can have an enteric CH4 contribution up to 90%. Digestibility of feed can impact CH4 emission intensity. Low fertility herds also have a greater enteric CH4 contribution. Animals with good feed conversion efficiency have a lower emission intensity of CH4/kg of meat or milk. Feed efficient heifers tend to be lean and have delayed puberty. Fertility is a major driver of profit in both beef and dairy cattle, and it is highly important to apply multi-trait selection when shifting herds towards improved efficiency and reduced CH4. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified for feed efficiency in cattle and are used in genomic selection. SNPs can be utilized in artificial insemination and embryo transfer to increase the proportion of cattle that have the attributes of efficiency, fertility and reduced enteric CH4. Prepubertal heifers genomically selected for favourable traits can have oocytes recovered to produce IVF embryos. Reproductive technology is predicted to be increasingly adopted to reduce generation interval and accelerate the rate of genetic gain for efficiency, fertility and low CH4 in cattle. The relatively high contribution of cattle to anthropogenic global methane has focussed attention on strategies to reduce enteric CH4 without compromising efficiency and fertility. Assisted reproductive technology has an important role in achieving the goal of multiplying and distributing cattle that have good efficiency, fertility and low CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Laís Ângelo de Abreu
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Romário de Paula
- Instituto Paulista de Ensino e Pesquisa, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – EMBRAPA, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Bruno Carvalho
- Instituto Paulista de Ensino e Pesquisa, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – EMBRAPA, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Emanuelle Almeida Gricio
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernando Kenji Mori
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Lígia Mattos Rebeis
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sofía Albertini
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Michael D’Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Kooverjee BB, Soma P, van der Nest MA, Scholtz MM, Neser FWC. Copy Number Variation Discovery in South African Nguni-Sired and Bonsmara-Sired Crossbred Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2513. [PMID: 37570321 PMCID: PMC10417447 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Crossbreeding forms part of Climate-Smart beef production and is one of the strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change. Two Nguni-sired and three Bonsmara-sired crossbred animals underwent whole genome sequencing. Following quality control and file preparation, the sequence data were investigated for genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) using the panelcn.MOPS tool. A total of 355 CNVs were identified in the crossbreds, of which 274 were unique in Bonsmara-sired crossbreds and 81 unique in the Nguni-sired crossbreds. Genes that differed in copy number in both crossbreds included genes related to growth (SCRN2, LOC109572916) and fertility-related factors (RPS28, LOC1098562432, LOC109570037). Genes that were present only in the Bonsmara-sired crossbreds included genes relating to lipid metabolism (MAF1), olfaction (LOC109569114), body size (HES7), immunity (LOC10957335, LOC109877039) and disease (DMBT1). Genes that were present only in the Nguni-sired crossbreds included genes relating to ketosis (HMBOX1) and amino acid transport (LOC109572916). Results of this study indicate that Nguni and Bonsmara cattle can be utilized in crossbreeding programs as they may enhance the presence of economically important traits associated with both breeds. This will produce crossbred animals that are good meat producers, grow faster, have high fertility, strong immunity and a better chance of producing in South Africa's harsh climate conditions. Ultimately, this study provides new genetic insights into the adaptability of Nguni and Bonsmara crossbred cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranisha Soma
- Animal Production, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0062, South Africa;
| | - Magrieta A. van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Michiel M. Scholtz
- Animal Production, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0062, South Africa;
- Department of Animal Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Frederick W. C. Neser
- Department of Animal Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
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12
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Dos Santos IJ, Junior PCGD, Vicente ACS, Alves AL, de Assis RG, Biava JS, Nogueira MVVA, Pires AV, Ferreira EM. Orange molasses as a new energy ingredient for feedlot lambs in Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:257. [PMID: 37395953 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of orange molasses in replacement of flint corn grain in high-concentrate diets on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency (FE) of feedlot lambs. Thirty male lambs without defined racial pattern (30.3 ± 5.3 kg of initial BW; mean ± SD) were used in a randomized complete block design with 10 blocks and 3 treatments. The treatments were defined by partial replacement of flint corn by orange molasses in the diet with 90% of concentrate and 10% of Cynodon spp. hay, as follows: 0OM-control diet without orange molasses; 20OM-20% of orange molasses replacing flint corn; and 40OM-40% of orange molasses replacing flint corn (DM basis). The experiment lasted 72 days divided into 3 subperiods, with 1 subperiod of 16 days and 2 subperiods of 28 days. Animals were weighed after a 16-h fast on days 1, 16, 44, and 72 of the experimental periods to determine the ADG and FE. The DMI, ADG, and FE showed an interaction between treatments and experimental periods. The DMI in the first period decreased linearly (P < 0.01); in the third period, there was no effect of treatments (P > 0.05) on DMI. The ADG decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in the first period as the orange molasses increased. Otherwise, in the third period, ADG increased linearly (P = 0.05) as flint corn was replacement by orange molasses. The FE showed an interaction between treatment and period (P = 0.09). The first period had a decreased linear effect; in the third period, there was a trend (P = 0.07) of increased linear effect. There was no difference between the diets regarding the final BW of the lambs. In conclusion, the orange molasses can replace up to 40% of flint corn in diets for feedlot lambs without affecting final BW. However, it is important to consider the adaptation time proved to be very important for better use of orange molasses as a source of energy in diets for lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Jorge Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11 PO Box 09, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Gonzales Dias Junior
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11 PO Box 09, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Silva Vicente
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11 PO Box 09, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrielly Lais Alves
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11 PO Box 09, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa Garcia de Assis
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11 PO Box 09, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaina Socolovski Biava
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11 PO Box 09, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11 PO Box 09, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- CP Kelco Brazil Company, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Evandro Maia Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11 PO Box 09, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-000, Brazil.
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13
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Buryakov NP, Aleshin DE, Buryakova MA, Zaikina AS, Medvedev IK, Zemyachkovskaya DA, Laptev GY, Ilina LA, El Sheikh AI, Fathala MM, Sahwan FM. An Investigation on the Effects of Partial Replacement of Rapeseed Cake in Ayrshire Dairy Heifers' Diets with By-Product Source of Animal Protein on Body Weight Dynamics, Nutrient Balancing, and Blood Biochemical Markers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1856. [PMID: 37889774 PMCID: PMC10251835 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the secondary use of by-products of the processing industry resulting from the production of poultry meat, which can be included in animal diets, has become a popular topic in the feed industry. For studying the effects of partial replacement of rapeseed cake (RC) with the by-product source of animal protein concentrate Agro-Matic (PCAM) on growth dynamics, nutrient absorption and nitrogen balance, as well as blood biochemical parameters during the growing period, a total of 48 Russian Ayrshire dairy heifers were selected for this experiment and they were divided into three experimental groups (16 in each group, including the control group). The heifers of the control group were fed the basal diet which contained rapeseed cake (30%), while the second (RC + PCAM) and third groups (PCAM + RC) were fed the basal diet after replacing a part of the rapeseed cake with 2.25% and 4.5% of protein concentrate Agro-Matic respectively. The results showed that the weight of heifers treated with PCAM at 3 months of age exceeded the control by 2.3 kg (p > 0.05) in group 2 by 4.4 kg (p < 0.05). Similar results were obtained at the age of 6 months of raising. Feeding 4.50% protein concentrate Agro-Matic has a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients; in particular, there was a significant increase in the digestibility of crude protein in the PCAM + RC group (77.23 vs. 73.42%) compared with the control group. Moreover, a similar trend was found in the digestibility of nitrogen in the diet. At the age of 3 months, heifers showed a significant decrease in the concentration of ketone bodies in the second group (1.82 vs. 2.20 mmol/L) relative to the control group. Urea was significantly lower in the RC + PCAM group (5.05 vs. 6.62 mmol/L) relative to the PCAM + RC group, while acid capacity (alkaline reserve) was higher by 2.41% (p < 0.05) relative to the control. In the 10th month of age, a positive effect on the blood of heifers was observed, as in the second and the third experimental groups, β-globulin and phosphorus increased (p < 0.05), while in the second group aspartate aminotransferase decreased (p < 0.05). Consequently, replacing the rapeseed cake with the protein concentrate Agro-Matic revealed an improvement in the dynamics of growth, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance, and it has an effect on improving some biochemical parameters of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai P. Buryakov
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E. Aleshin
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Maria A. Buryakova
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
- Department of Physiology, Ecology and Biochemistry of Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S. Zaikina
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Ivan K. Medvedev
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
| | - Darya A. Zemyachkovskaya
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
- Limited Liability Company A-1 First Genetic Company, Mironovskaya 33, p. 11, Moscow 105187, Russia
| | - Georgy Y. Laptev
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, BIOTROF+ Ltd., Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196650, Russia
- Department of Large Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196601, Russia
| | - Larisa A. Ilina
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, BIOTROF+ Ltd., Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196650, Russia
- Department of Large Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196601, Russia
| | - Ahmed I. El Sheikh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Fathala
- Department of Feeding Animals, Institute of Animal Science and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow 127434, Russia
- Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Bab Sharqi 5424041, Egypt
| | - Ferial M. Sahwan
- Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Bab Sharqi 5424041, Egypt
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14
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Wollmuth EM, Angert ER. Microbial circadian clocks: host-microbe interplay in diel cycles. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:124. [PMID: 37161348 PMCID: PMC10173096 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms, observed across all domains of life, enable organisms to anticipate and prepare for diel changes in environmental conditions. In bacteria, a circadian clock mechanism has only been characterized in cyanobacteria to date. These clocks regulate cyclical patterns of gene expression and metabolism which contribute to the success of cyanobacteria in their natural environments. The potential impact of self-generated circadian rhythms in other bacterial and microbial populations has motivated extensive research to identify novel circadian clocks. MAIN TEXT Daily oscillations in microbial community composition and function have been observed in ocean ecosystems and in symbioses. These oscillations are influenced by abiotic factors such as light and the availability of nutrients. In the ocean ecosystems and in some marine symbioses, oscillations are largely controlled by light-dark cycles. In gut systems, the influx of nutrients after host feeding drastically alters the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Conversely, the gut microbiota can influence the host circadian rhythm by a variety of mechanisms including through interacting with the host immune system. The intricate and complex relationship between the microbiota and their host makes it challenging to disentangle host behaviors from bacterial circadian rhythms and clock mechanisms that might govern the daily oscillations observed in these microbial populations. CONCLUSIONS While the ability to anticipate the cyclical behaviors of their host would likely be enhanced by a self-sustained circadian rhythm, more evidence and further studies are needed to confirm whether host-associated heterotrophic bacteria possess such systems. In addition, the mechanisms by which heterotrophic bacteria might respond to diel cycles in environmental conditions has yet to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Wollmuth
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Esther R Angert
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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15
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Buss CE, Afonso J, de Oliveira PSN, Petrini J, Tizioto PC, Cesar ASM, Gustani-Buss EC, Cardoso TF, Rovadoski GA, da Silva Diniz WJ, de Lima AO, Rocha MIP, Andrade BGN, Wolf JB, Coutinho LL, Mourão GB, de Almeida Regitano LC. Bivariate GWAS reveals pleiotropic regions among feed efficiency and beef quality-related traits in Nelore cattle. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:90-103. [PMID: 36463529 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Feed-efficient cattle selection is among the most leading solutions to reduce cost for beef cattle production. However, technical difficulties in measuring feed efficiency traits had limited the application in livestock. Here, we performed a Bivariate Genome-Wide Association Study (Bi-GWAS) and presented candidate biological mechanisms underlying the association between feed efficiency and meat quality traits in a half-sibling design with 353 Nelore steers derived from 34 unrelated sires. A total of 13 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) were found explaining part of the phenotypic variations. An important transcription factor of adipogenesis in cattle, the TAL1 (rs133408775) gene located on BTA3 was associated with intramuscular fat and average daily gain (IMF-ADG), and a region located on BTA20, close to CD180 and MAST4 genes, both related to fat accumulation. We observed a low positive genetic correlation between IMF-ADG (r = 0.30 ± 0.0686), indicating that it may respond to selection in the same direction. Our findings contributed to clarifying the pleiotropic modulation of the complex traits, indicating new QTLs for bovine genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Buss
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Mindflow Genomics, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Juliana Afonso
- Embrapa Southeast Cattle, Fazenda Canchim, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, S/N, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila S N de Oliveira
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Petrini
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aline S M Cesar
- Department of Agroindustry, Food and Nutrition, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Cristina Gustani-Buss
- Mindflow Genomics, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tainã Figueiredo Cardoso
- Embrapa Southeast Cattle, Fazenda Canchim, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, S/N, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gregori A Rovadoski
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andressa Oliveira de Lima
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Genomics Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Bruno Gabriel Nascimento Andrade
- Embrapa Southeast Cattle, Fazenda Canchim, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, S/N, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Computer Science, Munster Technological University/MTU, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason B Wolf
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution Bath, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Humate application alters microbiota-mineral interactions and assists in pasture dieback recovery. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13327. [PMID: 36755593 PMCID: PMC9900373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasture dieback is a rapidly expanding decaying pasture syndrome that affects millions of hectares of agricultural land in Queensland, Australia, making it useless for the cattle industry and decimating farmers' income and welfare. Since the syndrome was first identified in the early 1990s, farmers and agronomists have tried various methods for pasture recovery, including slashing, burning, ploughing and resowing grass, fertilising, destocking, and overstocking. In most cases, after a minimal initial improvement, the grass reverts to dieback within a few weeks. Here, we present an application of potassium humate, a well-known plant growth stimulator, as a possible long-term recovery option. Humate was applied once at the rate of 12 ml per m2. Humate application did not alter the alpha or beta diversity of soil bacterial communities, nor did it change the mineral profile in the soil. However, humate application altered soil microbiota-mineral temporal interactions and introduced subtle changes in the microbial community that could assist pasture recovery. A single humate application increased paddock plant biomass significantly up to 20 weeks post-application. Eleven months after the single application, the paddock was grazed to the ground by the cattle just before the rainfall season. After pasture regrowth, the humate-treated plots significantly improved root morphometric indicators for both grass and dicots and increased the ratio of grass/weeds by 27.6% compared to the water-treated control. While this treatment will not resolve the dieback syndrome, our results invite more research to optimise the use of humate for maximum economic benefit in paddock use under pasture dieback syndrome conditions.
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17
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Promotion and sustainable development of beef cattle farming industry in agro-pasture ecotone areas, Inner Mongolia of China: A comparison between two fattening systems. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12721. [PMID: 36685448 PMCID: PMC9849987 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The agro-pasture ecotone is distributed all around the world. In these areas, the productive land forces are decreasing, and due to the irrational economic activities and the vulnerable ecological environment in these regions occurs land degradation. This study focuses on the effect of two different fattening approaches of beef cattle and output from the economic point of view by using a cost-benefit analysis technique in the eastern agro-pasture ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China. This study considers the environmental, social, and economic costs as input factors and concludes that both fattening systems have different characteristics. The result shows that the intensive farming system has more fluctuation and instability in terms of the number of animals due to the feed shortage in the local area. In comparison, the continuous fattening system is much more efficient and sustainable in terms of cost management and benefit analysis due to the local condition of the area. The empirical results indicate that the beef cattle industry has a high marginal return. Our research highlights the need to prioritize local resources and incorporate feed-intensity analysis in livestock.
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18
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Norton L, Maskell L, McVittie A, Smith L, Wagner M, Waterton C, Watson C. Learning from innovative practitioners: Evidence for the sustainability and resilience of pasture fed livestock systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1012691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for transformational change in agriculture to address current and future issues caused by climate change, biodiversity loss and socio-ecological disruption. But change is slow to come and is hindered by a lack of transdisciplinary evidence on potential approaches which take a systems approach. The research described here was co-developed with the Pasture Fed Livestock Association in the UK to objectively evidence their practices. These include producing pasture-based meat from livestock fed on pasture and pasture-based forages alone. This approach sits alongside wider aims of fitting their practices with the ecological conditions on each individual farm to facilitate optimal production and working collaboratively through a forum for sharing knowledge. The research provides strong indications that the PFLA approach to livestock production is resilient and viable, as well as contributing to wider public goods delivery, despite variability within and between farms. It also reveals that learning and adaption of practice (through farmer experience) is central to farming using agro-ecological approaches. This fluidity of practice presents challenges for reductionist approaches to “measuring” agricultural innovations.
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Individual Beef Cattle Identification Using Muzzle Images and Deep Learning Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111453. [PMID: 35681917 PMCID: PMC9179917 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual feedlot beef cattle identification represents a critical component in cattle traceability in the supply food chain. It also provides insights into tracking disease trajectories, ascertaining ownership, and managing cattle production and distribution. Animal biometric solutions, e.g., identifying cattle muzzle patterns (unique features comparable to human fingerprints), may offer noninvasive and unique methods for cattle identification and tracking, but need validation with advancement in machine learning modeling. The objectives of this research were to (1) collect and publish a high-quality dataset for beef cattle muzzle images, and (2) evaluate and benchmark the performance of recognizing individual beef cattle with a variety of deep learning models. A total of 4923 muzzle images for 268 US feedlot finishing cattle (>12 images per animal on average) were taken with a mirrorless digital camera and processed to form the dataset. A total of 59 deep learning image classification models were comparatively evaluated for identifying individual cattle. The best accuracy for identifying the 268 cattle was 98.7%, and the fastest processing speed was 28.3 ms/image. Weighted cross-entropy loss function and data augmentation can increase the identification accuracy of individual cattle with fewer muzzle images for model development. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the great potential of deep learning applications for individual cattle identification and is favorable for precision livestock management. Scholars are encouraged to utilize the published dataset to develop better models tailored for the beef cattle industry.
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20
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Malau-Aduli AEO, Curran J, Gall H, Henriksen E, O'Connor A, Paine L, Richardson B, van Sliedregt H, Smith L. Genetics and nutrition impacts on herd productivity in the Northern Australian beef cattle production cycle. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 15:100228. [PMID: 35024494 PMCID: PMC8724957 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics and nutrition drive herd productivity due to significant impacts on all components of the beef cattle production cycle. In northern Australia, the beef production system is largely extensive and relies heavily on tropical cattle grazing low quality, phosphorus-deficient pastures with seasonal variations in nutritive value. The existing feedlots are predominantly grain-based; providing high-energy rations, faster turn-off and finishing of backgrounded cattle to meet market specifications. This review focusses on the beef cattle production cycle components of maternal nutrition, foetal development, bull fertility, post-natal to weaning, backgrounding, feedlotting, rumen microbes and carcass quality as influenced by genetics and nutrition. This student-driven review identified the following knowledge gaps in the published literature on northern Australian beef cattle production cycle: 1. Long-term benefits and effects of maternal supplementation to alter foetal enzymes on the performance and productivity of beef cattle; 2. Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to increase nutrient availability from the cell wall and better utilisation of fibrous and phosphorus deficient pasture feedbase during backgrounding; 3. Supplementation with novel encapsulated calcium butyrate and probiotics to stimulate the early development of rumen papillae and enhance early weaning of calves; 4. The use of single nucleotide polymorphisms as genetic markers for the early selection of tropical beef cattle for carcass and meat eating quality traits prior to feedlotting; The review concludes by recommending future research in whole genome sequencing to target specific genes associated with meat quality characteristics in order to explore the development of breeds with superior genes more suited to the North Australian beef industry. Further research into diverse nutritional strategies of phosphorus supplementation and fortifying tropically adapted grasses with protein-rich legumes and forages for backgrounding and supplementing lot-fed beef cattle with omega-3 oil of plant origin will ensure sustainable production of beef with a healthy composition, tenderness, taste and eating quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Jessica Curran
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Holly Gall
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Erica Henriksen
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Alina O'Connor
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Lydia Paine
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Bailey Richardson
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Hannake van Sliedregt
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Lucy Smith
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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21
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Ceccobelli S, Perini F, Trombetta MF, Tavoletti S, Lasagna E, Pasquini M. Effect of Myostatin Gene Mutation on Slaughtering Performance and Meat Quality in Marchigiana Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040518. [PMID: 35203227 PMCID: PMC8868461 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this work was the evaluation of slaughtering performance in a sample of 78 Marchigiana bulls with different allelic situation at the myostatin locus; in addition, the qualitative composition of meat samples collected from Longissimus thoracis muscle was evaluated. At the myostatin gene, 67 homozygotes normal, 11 heterozygotes, and no double-muscled homozygote bulls were detected. Heterozygote bulls showed high values in final live weight and dressing yield; moreover, they were characterized by a low incidence of fat at steak dissection, as well as in meat chemical composition. A better muscular conformation in heterozygote bulls’ carcasses was highlighted, with a higher incidence of their carcasses in class E and evident convexity of round, back, and shoulder muscular masses compared to the carcasses of Marchigiana bulls which were normal at the myostatin gene. Abstract The myostatin gene also called Growth Differentiation Factor 8 gene (GDF8) is one of the most investigated loci that can be responsible for several quantitative and qualitative carcass and meat traits in double-muscled beef cattle. The objective of the study was to bring to light the effect of the myostatin polymorphism on slaughtering performance and meat quality in Marchigiana beef cattle. The experiment was carried out on 78 bulls reared according to the “cow-calf” extensive managing system. At the end of the fattening period, in vivo and carcass data were recorded. From each carcass, a steak of Longissimus thoracis was taken and used to determine the meat’s analytical composition and colorimetric properties. Finally, from each steak a sample of Longissimus thoracis was collected, then used for DNA extraction and genotyping at the myostatin locus. The heterozygous bulls showed slight superiority in the carcass data (e.g., hot carcass weight: 426.09 kg—heterozygotes vs. 405.32 kg—normal) and meat quality parameters, although not always with statistical significance. Only fat and ashes content were significantly affected by the myostatin genotype (heterozygotes: 2.01%, 1.26%; normal: 3.04%, 1.15%). The greater muscularity of heterozygous animals compared to normal ones could be a starting point to improving productive efficiency in Marchigiana beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ceccobelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.F.T.); (S.T.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Perini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (F.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Maria Federica Trombetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.F.T.); (S.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefano Tavoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.F.T.); (S.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (F.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Marina Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.F.T.); (S.T.); (M.P.)
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22
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Artegoitia VM, Newman JW, Foote AP, Shackelford SD, King DA, Wheeler TL, Lewis RM, Freetly HC. Non-invasive metabolomics biomarkers of production efficiency and beef carcass quality traits. Sci Rep 2022; 12:231. [PMID: 34997076 PMCID: PMC8742028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The inter-cattle growth variations stem from the interaction of many metabolic processes making animal selection difficult. We hypothesized that growth could be predicted using metabolomics. Urinary biomarkers of cattle feed efficiency were explored using mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Feed intake and weight-gain was measured in steers (n = 75) on forage-based growing rations (stage-1, 84 days) followed by high-concentrate finishing rations (stage-2, 84 days). Urine from days 0, 21, 42, 63, and 83 in each stage were analyzed from steers with the greater (n = 14) and least (n = 14) average-daily-gain (ADG) and comparable dry-matter-intake (DMI; within 0.32 SD of the mean). Steers were slaughtered after stage-2. Adjusted fat-thickness and carcass-yield-grade increased in greater-ADG-cattle selected in stage-1, but carcass traits did not differ between ADG-selected in stage-2. Overall 85 untargeted metabolites segregated greater- and least-ADG animals, with overlap across diets (both stages) and breed type, despite sampling time effects. Total 18-bile acids (BAs) and 5-steroids were quantified and associated with performance and carcass quality across ADG-classification depending on the stage. Stepwise logistic regression of urinary BA and steroids had > 90% accuracy identifying efficient-ADG-steers. Urine metabolomics provides new insight into the physiological mechanisms and potential biomarkers for feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Artegoitia
- USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,USDA, ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA. .,Animal Science, University Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
| | - J W Newman
- USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - A P Foote
- USDA, ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA.,Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - S D Shackelford
- USDA, ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - D A King
- USDA, ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - T L Wheeler
- USDA, ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - R M Lewis
- Animal Science, University Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - H C Freetly
- USDA, ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
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23
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Ribeiro GO, Terry S, Hünerberg M, Ominski K, Larney FJ, McAllister TA. Effect of trenbolone acetate, melengestrol acetate, and ractopamine hydrochloride on the growth performance of beef cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of trenbolone acetate + estradiol (TBA) implants, melengestrol acetate (MGA), and ractopamine hydrochloride + TBA (RAC + TBA) on growth performance and carcass characteristics in beef cattle (n = 680; 279 ± 10.1 kg) fed barley grain/corn silage was examined in a 4 yr study (four pens per treatment per year; 262 ± 8 d feeding period). In the first 2 yr, treatments were (1) control heifers (H-CON; no growth promoters), (2) TBA-implanted heifers (H-TBA), (3) MGA heifers (H-MGA), (4) control steers (S-CON; no growth promoters), and (5) TBA-implanted steers (S-TBA). A sixth treatment (6) RAC + TBA steers (RAC + TBA) was included in years 3 and 4. Overall dry matter intake (DMI) of heifers was increased (P < 0.001) by TBA but not MGA. Compared with H-CONs, H-TBA had greater average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.001), gain to feed ratio (G/F) (P < 0.001), and carcass weight (P < 0.001), whereas S-TBA had increased ADG (P < 0.001), G/F (P< 0.001), and carcass weight (P < 0.001) compared with S-CON. Compared with H-CON, H-MGA had increased (P < 0.01) ADG, G/F, and carcass weight. The RAC + TBA had increased (P < 0.01) ADG and carcass weight (3.2%) but not G/F or DMI compared with S-TBA. This 4 yr study showed a consistent positive impact of growth-enhancing technologies on the performance of Canadian feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O. Ribeiro
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Terry
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Martin Hünerberg
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ruminant Nutrition, University of Goettingen, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - Kim Ominski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Francis J. Larney
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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24
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Pulina G, Acciaro M, Atzori AS, Battacone G, Crovetto GM, Mele M, Pirlo G, Rassu SPG. Animal board invited review - Beef for future: technologies for a sustainable and profitable beef industry. Animal 2021; 15:100358. [PMID: 34634751 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global consumption, notably in developing countries, and production of beef are increasing continuously, and this requires the industry to improve performance and to reduce the environmental impact of the production chain. Since the improvement in efficiency and the highest impacts occur at farm level, it is appropriate to focus on the profitability and environmental sustainability of these enterprises. In many areas of the world, beef production is economically and socially relevant because it accounts for a significant portion of the agricultural production and represents a vital economic activity in mountain and hill districts of many regions, where few alternatives for other agricultural production exist. Due to the important role in the agricultural and food economy worldwide, the future of the beef industry is linked to the reduction of ecological impacts, mainly adopting the agroecological mitigation practices, and the simultaneous improvement of production performances and of product quality. This review analyses the technical and managerial solutions currently available to increase the efficiency of the beef industry and, at the same time, to reduce its environmental impacts in response to the growing concerns and awareness of citizens and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pulina
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - A S Atzori
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Battacone
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - G M Crovetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - M Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agroambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Pirlo
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Lodi, Italy
| | - S P G Rassu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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25
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The Molecular Bases Study of the Inherited Diseases for the Health Maintenance of the Beef Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050678. [PMID: 33946496 PMCID: PMC8147127 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The article highlighted the problem of meat cattle genetic defects. The aim was the development of DNA tests for some genetic defects diagnostics, the determination of the animal carriers and their frequencies tracking in time. The 1490 DNA samples from the Aberdeen Angus (n = 701), Hereford (n = 385), Simmental (n = 286) and Belgian Blue (n = 118) cattle have been genotyped on the genetic defects by newly created and earlier developed DNA tests based on AS-PCR and PCR-RFLP methods. The Aberdeen Angus cattle genotyping has revealed 2.38 ± 0.31% AMC-cows and 1.67 ± 0.19 % AMC-bulls, 0.65 ± 0.07% DDC-cows and 0.90 ± 0.10% DDC-bulls. The single animals among the Hereford cattle were carriers of MSUD and CWH (on 0.27 ± 0.05%), ICM and HY (on 0.16 ± 0.03%). The Simmental cattle were free from OS. All Belgian Blue livestock were M1- and 0.84%-CMD1-carriers. The different ages Aberdeen Angus cattle genotyping has shown the tendency of the AMC- and DDC frequencies to increase in the later generations. The statistically significant increase of DDC of 1.17% in the cows’ population born in 2019 compared to those born in 2015 allows concluding the further development of the DNA analysis-based measures preventing the manifestation of the genetic anomalies in meat cattle herds is necessary.
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26
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Hassan FU, Arshad MA, Ebeid HM, Rehman MSU, Khan MS, Shahid S, Yang C. Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet-Microbe Interaction. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:575801. [PMID: 33263013 PMCID: PMC7688522 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.575801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants inhabit the consortia of gut microbes that play a critical functional role in their maintenance and nourishment by enabling them to use cellulosic and non-cellulosic feed material. These gut microbes perform major physiological activities, including digestion and metabolism of dietary components, to derive energy to meet major protein (65-85%) and energy (ca 80%) requirements of the host. Owing to their contribution to digestive physiology, rumen microbes are considered one of the crucial factors affecting feed conversion efficiency in ruminants. Any change in the rumen microbiome has an imperative effect on animal physiology. Ruminal microbes are fundamentally anaerobic and produce various compounds during rumen fermentation, which are directly used by the host or other microbes. Methane (CH4) is produced by methanogens through utilizing metabolic hydrogen during rumen fermentation. Maximizing the flow of metabolic hydrogen in the rumen away from CH4 and toward volatile fatty acids (VFA) would increase the efficiency of ruminant production and decrease its environmental impact. Understanding of microbial diversity and rumen dynamics is not only crucial for the optimization of host efficiency but also required to mediate emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from ruminants. There are various strategies to modulate the rumen microbiome, mainly including dietary interventions and the use of different feed additives. Phytogenic feed additives, mainly plant secondary compounds, have been shown to modulate rumen microflora and change rumen fermentation dynamics leading to enhanced animal performance. Many in vitro and in vivo studies aimed to evaluate the use of plant secondary metabolites in ruminants have been conducted using different plants or their extract or essential oils. This review specifically aims to provide insights into dietary interactions of rumen microbes and their subsequent consequences on rumen fermentation. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of the modulation of rumen microbiome by using phytogenic compounds (essential oils, saponins, and tannins) for manipulating rumen dynamics to mediate CH4 emanation from livestock is presented. We have also discussed the pros and cons of each strategy along with future prospective of dietary modulation of rumen microbiome to improve the performance of ruminants while decreasing GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel Arshad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hossam M. Ebeid
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Khan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shehryaar Shahid
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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