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Said M, Gaál E, Farkas A, Molnár I, Bartoš J, Doležel J, Cabrera A, Endo TR. Gametocidal genes: from a discovery to the application in wheat breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1396553. [PMID: 38711610 PMCID: PMC11070591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1396553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Some species of the genus Aegilops, a wild relative of wheat, carry chromosomes that after introducing to wheat exhibit preferential transmission to progeny. Their selective retention is a result of the abortion of gametes lacking them due to induced chromosomal aberrations. These chromosomes are termed Gametocidal (Gc) and, based on their effects, they are categorized into three types: mild, intense or severe, and very strong. Gc elements within the same homoeologous chromosome groups of Aegilops (II, III, or IV) demonstrate similar Gc action. This review explores the intriguing dynamics of Gc chromosomes and encompasses comprehensive insights into their source species, behavioral aspects, mode of action, interactions, suppressions, and practical applications of the Gc system in wheat breeding. By delving into these areas, this work aims to contribute to the development of novel plant genetic resources for wheat breeding. The insights provided herein shed light on the utilization of Gc chromosomes to produce chromosomal rearrangements in wheat and its wild relatives, thereby facilitating the generation of chromosome deletions, translocations, and telosomic lines. The Gc approach has significantly advanced various aspects of wheat genetics, including the introgression of novel genes and alleles, molecular markers and gene mapping, and the exploration of homoeologous relationships within Triticeae species. The mystery lies in why gametes possessing Gc genes maintain their normality while those lacking Gc genes suffer abnormalities, highlighting an unresolved research gap necessitating deeper investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Said
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czechia
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eszter Gaál
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - András Farkas
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - István Molnár
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czechia
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Jan Bartoš
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Adoración Cabrera
- Genetics Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes (ETSIAM), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Wang K, Lin Z, Wang L, Wang K, Shi Q, Du L, Ye X. Development of a set of PCR markers specific to Aegilops longissima chromosome arms and application in breeding a translocation line. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:13-25. [PMID: 28887628 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome data were used to develop 134 Aegilops longissima specific PCR markers and their comparative maps were constructed by contrasting with the homologous genes in the wheat B genome. Three wheat- Ae. longissima 1BL·1S l S translocation lines were identified using the correspondence markers. Aegilops longissima is an important wild species of common wheat that harbors many genes that can be used to improve various traits of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To efficiently transfer the traits conferred by these Ae. longissima genes into wheat, we sequenced the whole expression transcript of Ae. longissima. Using the transcriptome data, we developed 134 specific polymerase chain reaction markers located on the 14 chromosome arms of Ae. longissima. These novel molecular markers were assigned to specific chromosome locations based on a comparison with the homologous genes in the B genome of wheat. Annotation of these genes showed that most had functions related to metabolic processes, hydrolase activity, or catalytic activity. Additionally, we used these markers to identify three wheat-Ae. longissima 1BL·1SlS translocation lines in somatic variation populations resulting from a cross between wheat cultivar Westonia and a wheat-Ae. longissima substitution line 1Sl(1B). The translocation lines had several low molecular weight glutenin subunits encoding genes beneficial to flour processing quality that came from Ae. longissima 1SlS. The three translocation lines were also confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization. These translocation lines will be further evaluated for potential quality improvement of bread-making properties of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyang Wang
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishan Lin
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipu Du
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Tian B, Li H. Variation of B chromosome associated with tissue culture in wheat-rye cross. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 51:834-839. [PMID: 19723242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In vitro variation of B chromosomes was studied by examining the callus cells derived from the immature embryos from a cross of Chinese Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Fin 7416 rye (Secale cereale L.) carrying two B chromosomes. In 40-d-old callus cells, the numbers of B chromosomes ranged from one to four in 65.6% of the cells observed. The distribution of B chromosome numbers was associated with the ploidy levels of the normal chromosomes (A chromosomes). The frequency of the cells with high numbers of B chromosomes (i.e., three or four B chromosomes) in the amphiploid cells with 56 A chromosomes was greater than those in the haploid cells with 28 A chromosomes. Although structural changes in the rye A chromosomes were observed, cytological observation and genomic in situ hybridization demonstrated that the rye B chromosomes were conserved in morphological appearance following tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohong Tian
- Cangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou 061001, China
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Yuan WY, Tomita M. Centromeric distribution of 350-family inDasypyrum villosumand its application to identifyingDasypyrumchromatin in the wheat genome. Hereditas 2009; 146:58-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2009.02110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bottley A, Chapman NH, Koebner RMD. Homoeologous gene silencing in tissue cultured wheat callus. BMC Genet 2008; 9:65. [PMID: 18928533 PMCID: PMC2576348 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-9-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In contrast to diploids, most polyploid plant species, which include the hexaploid bread wheat, possess an additional layer of epigenetic complexity. Several studies have demonstrated that polyploids are affected by homoeologous gene silencing, a process in which sub-genomic genomic copies are selectively transcriptionally inactivated. This form of silencing can be tissue specific and may be linked to developmental or stress responses. Results Evidence was sought as to whether the frequency of homoeologous silencing in in vitro cultured wheat callus differ from that in differentiated organs, given that disorganized cells are associated with a globally lower level of DNA methylation. Using a reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) platform to detect the pattern of expression of 20 homoeologous sets of single-copy genes known to be affected by this form of silencing in the root and/or leaf, we observed no silencing in any of the wheat callus tissue tested. Conclusion Our results suggest that much of the homoeologous silencing observed in differentiated tissues is probably under epigenetic control, rather than being linked to genomic instability arising from allopolyploidization. This study reinforces the notion of plasticity in the wheat epi-genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bottley
- Department of Pharmacy, University Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Xiong ZY, Tan GX, He GY, He GC, Song YC. Cytogenetic comparisons between A and G genomes in Oryza using genomic in situ hybridization. Cell Res 2006; 16:260-6. [PMID: 16541124 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cr.7310033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic structures of Oryza sativa (A genome) and O. meyeriana (G genome) were comparatively studied using bicolor genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). GISH was clearly able to discriminate between the chromosomes of O. sativa and O. meyeriana in the interspecific F1 hybrids without blocking DNA, and co-hybridization was hardly detected. The average mitotic chromosome length of O. meyeriana was found to be 1.69 times that of O. sativa. A comparison of 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining showed that the chromosomes of O. meyeriana were more extensively labelled, suggesting that the G genome is amplified with more repetitive sequences than the A genome. In interphase nuclei, 9-12 chromocenters were normally detected and nearly all the chromocenters constituted the G genome-specific DNA. More and larger chromocenters formed by chromatin compaction corresponding to the G genome were detected in the hybrid compared with its parents. During pachytene of the F1 hybrid, most chromosomes of A and G did not synapse each other except for 1-2 chromosomes paired at the end of their arms. At meiotic metaphase I, three types of chromosomal associations, i.e. O. sativa-O. sativa (A-A), O. sativa-O. meyeriana (A-G) and O. meyeriana-O. meyeriana (G-G), were observed in the F1 hybrid. The A-G chromosome pairing configurations included bivalents and trivalents. The results provided a foundation toward studying genome organization and evolution of O. meyeriana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Li H, Chen Q, Conner RL, Guo B, Zhang Y, Graf RJ, Laroche A, Jia X, Liu G, Chu C. Molecular characterization of a wheat--Thinopyrum ponticum partial amphiploid and its derivatives for resistance to leaf rust. Genome 2004; 46:906-13. [PMID: 14608407 DOI: 10.1139/g03-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) occurs annually in most wheat-growing areas of the world. Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Z.-W. Liu & R.-C. Wang has provided several leaf rust resistance genes to protect wheat from this fungal disease. Three chromosome substitution lines, Ji806, Ji807, and Ji859, and two chromosome addition lines, Ji791 and Ji924, with a winter growing habit were developed from crosses between wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and the wheat - Th. ponticum partial amphiploid line 693. These lines were resistant to leaf rust isolates from China. Sequence-tagged site (STS) analysis with the J09-STS marker, which is linked to the gene Lr24, revealed that the partial amphiploid line 693 and all of the substitution and addition lines carried gene Lr24. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis was carried out on chromosome preparations using total genomic DNA from Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb) A. Löve (St genome, 2n = 14) as a probe in the presence of total genomic DNA from T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' wheat (ABD genomes, 2n = 42). The GISH analysis demonstrated that these lines had a pair of chromosomes displaying the typical pattern of a Js genome chromosome. This indicates that the chromosome that carries gene Lr24 belonged to the Js genome of Th. ponticum. In addition to 40 wheat chromosomes, eight Js and eight J genome chromosomes were also differentiated by GISH in the partial amphiploid line 693. Since most sources of Lr24 have a red grain color, the white-colored seeds in all of these substitution and addition lines, together with high protein content in some of the lines, make them very useful as a donor source for winter wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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Li H, Conner RL, Chen Q, Li H, Laroche A, Graf RJ, Kuzyk AD. The transfer and characterization of resistance to common root rot from Thinopyrum ponticum to wheat. Genome 2004; 47:215-23. [PMID: 15060618 DOI: 10.1139/g03-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Common root rot, caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib) Drechs. ex Dastur, is a major soil-borne disease of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) on the Canadian prairies. Resistance to common root rot from Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Liu and Wang was transferred into wheat via crossing with Agrotana, a resistant wheat - Th. ponticum partial amphiploid line. Evaluation of common root rot reactions showed that selected advanced lines with blue kernel color derived from a wheat x Agrotana cross expressed more resistance than the susceptible T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' parent and other susceptible wheat check cultivars. Cytological examination revealed 41 to 44 chromosomes in the advanced lines. Genomic in situ hybridization, using total genomic DNA from Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb) A. Löve (St genome) as a probe, demonstrated that the blue kernel plants had two pairs of spontaneously translocated J-Js and Js-J chromosomes derived from the J and Js genome of Th. ponticum. The presence of these translocated chromosomes was associated with increased resistance of wheat to common root rot. The lines with blue aleurone color always had a subcentromeric Js-J translocated chromosome. The subtelocentric J-Js translocated chromosome was not responsible for the blue kernel color. The genomic in situ hybridization analysis on meiosis revealed that the two spontaneous translocations were not reciprocal translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Li
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Canada.
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