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Türkösi E, Ivanizs L, Farkas A, Gaál E, Kruppa K, Kovács P, Szakács É, Szőke-Pázsi K, Said M, Cápal P, Griffiths S, Doležel J, Molnár I. Transfer of the ph1b Deletion Chromosome 5B From Chinese Spring Wheat Into a Winter Wheat Line and Induction of Chromosome Rearrangements in Wheat- Aegilops biuncialis Hybrids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:875676. [PMID: 35769292 PMCID: PMC9234525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.875676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective utilization of genetic diversity in wild relatives to improve wheat requires recombination between wheat and alien chromosomes. However, this is suppressed by the Pairing homoeologous gene, Ph1, on the long arm of wheat chromosome 5B. A deletion mutant of the Ph1 locus (ph1b) has been used widely to induce homoeologous recombination in wheat × alien hybrids. However, the original ph1b mutation, developed in Chinese Spring (CS) background has poor agronomic performance. Hence, alien introgression lines are first backcrossed with adapted wheat genotypes and after this step, alien chromosome segments are introduced into breeding lines. In this work, the ph1b mutation was transferred from two CSph1b mutants into winter wheat line Mv9kr1. Homozygous genotypes Mv9kr1 ph1b/ph1b exhibited improved plant and spike morphology compared to Chinese Spring. Flow cytometric chromosome analysis confirmed reduced DNA content of the mutant 5B chromosome in both wheat genotype relative to the wild type chromosome. The ph1b mutation in the Mv9kr1 genotype allowed wheat-alien chromosome pairing in meiosis of Mv9kr1ph1b_K × Aegilops biuncialis F1 hybrids, predominantly with the Mb-genome chromosomes of Aegilops relative to those of the Ub genome. High frequency of wheat-Aegilops chromosome interactions resulted in rearranged chromosomes identified in the new Mv9kr1ph1b × Ae. Biuncialis amphiploids, making these lines valuable sources for alien introgressions. The new Mv9kr1ph1b mutant genotype is a unique resource to support alien introgression breeding of hexaploid wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Türkösi
- Department of Biological Resources, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - László Ivanizs
- Department of Biological Resources, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - András Farkas
- Department of Biological Resources, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Eszter Gaál
- Department of Biological Resources, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Klaudia Kruppa
- Department of Biological Resources, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Péter Kovács
- Department of Biological Resources, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Szent István Campus, MATE, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Éva Szakács
- Department of Biological Resources, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Kitti Szőke-Pázsi
- Department of Biological Resources, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Said
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Petr Cápal
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - István Molnár
- Department of Biological Resources, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
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Jighly A, Joukhadar R, Sehgal D, Singh S, Ogbonnaya FC, Daetwyler HD. Population-dependent reproducible deviation from natural bread wheat genome in synthetic hexaploid wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:801-812. [PMID: 31355965 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sequence elimination is one of the main mechanisms that increases the divergence among homoeologous chromosomes after allopolyploidization to enhance the stability of recently established lineages, but it can cause a loss of some economically important genes. Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) is an important source of genetic variation to the natural hexaploid wheat (NHW) genepool that has low genetic diversity. Here, we investigated the change between SHW and NHW genomes by utilizing a large germplasm set of primary synthetics and synthetic derivatives. Reproducible segment elimination (RSE) was declared if a large chromosomal chunk (>5 cM) produced no aligned reads in more than five SHWs. RSE in five genomic regions was the major source of variation between SHW and NHW. One RSE eliminated almost the complete short arm of chromosome 1B, which contains major genes for flour quality, disease resistance and different enzymes. The occurrence of RSE was highly dependent on the choice of diploid and tetraploid parental lines, their ancestral subpopulation and admixture, e.g. SHWs derived from Triticum dicoccon or from one of two Aegilops tauschii subpopulations were almost free of RSE, while highly admixed parents had higher RSE rates. The rate of RSE in synthetic derivatives was almost double that in primary synthetics. Genome-wide association analysis detected four loci with minor effects on the occurrence of RSE, indicating that both parental lines and genetic factors were affecting the occurrence of RSE. Therefore, pre-pre-breeding strategies should be applied before introducing SHW into pre-breeding programs to ensure genomic stability and avoid undesirable gene loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulqader Jighly
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Reem Joukhadar
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Deepmala Sehgal
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Nicolas SD, Leflon M, Monod H, Eber F, Coriton O, Huteau V, Chèvre AM, Jenczewski E. Genetic regulation of meiotic cross-overs between related genomes in Brassica napus haploids and hybrids. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:373-85. [PMID: 19190241 PMCID: PMC2660629 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.062273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the genetic regulation of recombination in allopolyploid species plays a pivotal role in evolution and plant breeding, it has received little recent attention, except in wheat (Triticum aestivum). PrBn is the main locus that determines the number of nonhomologous associations during meiosis of microspore cultured Brassica napus haploids (AC; 19 chromosomes). In this study, we examined the role played by PrBn in recombination. We generated two haploid x euploid populations using two B. napus haploids with differing PrBn (and interacting genes) activity. We analyzed molecular marker transmission in these two populations to compare genetic changes, which have arisen during meiosis. We found that cross-over number in these two genotypes was significantly different but that cross-overs between nonhomologous chromosomes showed roughly the same distribution pattern. We then examined genetic recombination along a pair of A chromosomes during meiosis of B. rapa x B. napus AAC and AACC hybrids that were produced with the same two B. napus genotypes. We observed significant genotypic variation in cross-over rates between the two AAC hybrids but no difference between the two AACC hybrids. Overall, our results show that PrBn changes the rate of recombination between nonhomologous chromosomes during meiosis of B. napus haploids and also affects homologous recombination with an effect that depends on plant karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane D Nicolas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 118, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
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MERKER ARNULF. The production of a 5B-5R chromosome translocation for induction of homoeologous meiotic pairing in wheat. Hereditas 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ozkan H, Feldman M. Genotypic variation in tetraploid wheat affecting homoeologous pairing in hybrids with Aegilops peregrina. Genome 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/g01-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Ph1 gene has long been considered the main factor responsible for the diploid-like meiotic behavior of polyploid wheat. This dominant gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 5B (5BL), suppresses pairing of homoeologous chromosomes in polyploid wheat and in their hybrids with related species. Here we report on the discovery of genotypic variation among tetraploid wheats in the control of homoeologous pairing. Compared with the level of homoeologous pairing in hybrids between Aegilops peregrina and the bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS), significantly higher levels of homoeologous pairing were obtained in hybrids between Ae. peregrina and CS substitution lines in which chromosome 5B of CS was replaced by either 5B of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides line 09 (TTD09) or 5G of Triticum timopheevii ssp. timopheevii line 01 (TIM01). Similarly, a higher level of homoeologous pairing was found in the hybrid between Ae. peregrina and a substitution line of CS in which chromosome arm 5BL of line TTD140 substituted for 5BL of CS. It appears that the observed effect on the level of pairing is exerted by chromosome arm 5BL of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, most probably by an allele of Ph1. Searching for variation in the control of homoeologous pairing among lines of wild tetraploid wheat, either T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides or T. timopheevii ssp. armeniacum, showed that hybrids between Ae. peregrina and lines of these two wild wheats exhibited three different levels of homoeologous pairing: low, low intermediate, and high intermediate. The low-intermediate and high-intermediate genotypes may possess weak alleles of Ph1. The three different T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides pairing genotypes were collected from different geographical regions in Israel, indicating that this trait may have an adaptive value. The availability of allelic variation at the Ph1 locus may facilitate the mapping, tagging, and eventually the isolation of this important gene.Key words: diploid-like meiotic behavior, genetic control of pairing, Ph1 gene, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, wild emmer.
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Naranjo T, Maestra B. The effect of ph mutations on homoeolgous pairing in hybrids of wheat with Triticum longissimum. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1995; 91:1265-1270. [PMID: 24170056 DOI: 10.1007/bf00220939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/1995] [Accepted: 08/18/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Homoeologous pairing at metaphase-I was analyzed in wild-type, ph2b, and ph1b hybrids of wheat and a low-pairing type of T. longissimum in order to study the effect of ph mutations on the pairing of T. longissimum chromosomes with wheat chromosomes. Chromosomes of both species, and their arms, were identified by C-banding. The three types of hybrids, with low-, intermediate-, and high-pairing levels, respectively, exhibited a very similar pairing pattern which was characterized by the existence of two types, A-D and B-S(1), of preferential pairing. These results confirm that the S(1) genome of T. longissimum is closely related to the B genome of wheat. The possible use of ph1b and ph2b mutations in the transfer to wheat of genes from related species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Naranjo
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Naranjo T. Chromosome structure of Triticum longissimum relative to wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1995; 91:105-109. [PMID: 24169674 DOI: 10.1007/bf00220865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/1994] [Accepted: 10/24/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Homoeologous pairing at meiotic metaphase I was analyzed in T. longissimum x T. aestivum hybrids in order to reconfirm the homoeologous relationships of T. longissimum chromosomes to wheat. Hybrids between T. longissimum and 'Chinese Spring' carrying the Ph1 gene or theph1b mutation, which showed low and high pairing levels, respectively, were used. Chromosome arms associated at metaphase I were identified by C-banding. The homoeology of chromosomes 1S (l) , 2S (l) , 3S (l) , 5S (l) and 6S (l) to wheat group 1,2, 3, 5, and 6 chromosomes, respectively, was confirmed. Chromsome arms 4S (l) S and 7S (l) S showed normal homoeologous relationships to wheat. The 4S (l) L arm carries a translocated segment from 7S (l) L relative to wheat. The 7S (l) L arm seldom paired, likely because this arm lost a relatively long segment and received a very short segment in the interchange with 4S (l) L. Available data suggest that translocation 4S (l) L/7S (l) L arose in the evolution of T. longissimum, which implies that this species was not the donor of the B genome of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Naranjo
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Naranjo T. The homoeologous relationships of the arms of wheat chromosomes 2A and 2D to chromosome 2B and their effect on homoeologous pairing. Chromosome Res 1994; 2:275-9. [PMID: 7921643 DOI: 10.1007/bf01552721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Homoeologous relationships between the arms of wheat group 2 chromosomes were analysed by studying homoeologous pairing in wheat-rye hybrids. Chromosomes 2A and 2D were identified using telocentrics 2AS, 2DS or 2DL. The remaining wheat chromosomes and their arms were identified by C-banding. Wheat chromosomes in the hybrids were derived from plants which were heterozygous (Ph1/ph1b) and monotelocentric for 2AS, 2DS or 2DL. In these plants, chromosome 2B and the telocentric showed regular bivalent pairing. From the results of homoeologous pairing in wheat-rye hybrids, normal homoeologous relationships between 2AS, 2BS and 2DS, as well as between 2AL, 2BL and 2DL, were deduced. There was no evidence that wheat group 2 chromosomes were involved in evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. The existence of a pairing promoter gene on chromosome arm 2DS was supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Naranjo
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Fernández-Calvín B, Orellana J. Metaphase I bound arms frequency and genome analysis in wheat-Aegilops hybrids : 1. Ae. variabilis-wheat and Ae. kotschyi-wheat hybrids with low and high homoeologous pairing. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 83:264-272. [PMID: 24202368 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/1990] [Accepted: 03/25/1991] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic associations of different wheat-Aegilops variabilis and wheat-Ae. kotschyi hybrid combinations with low and high homoeologous pairing were analyzed at metaphase I. Five types of pairing involving wheat and Aegilops genomes were identified by using C-banding. A genotype that seems to promote homoeologous pairing has been found in Ae. variabilis var. cylindrostachys. Its effect is detectable in the low pairing hybrids but not in the high ones. Pairing affinity has been analyzed on the basis of metaphase I associations in the low and high homoeologous pairing hybrids, and in bivalents and multivalents in the high pairing hybrids. The results indicate that the amount of bound arms of each type of identifiable association relative to the total associations formed (relative contribution) was not maintained, either between the different levels of pairing (low and high) or between different meiotic configurations (bivalents and multivalents). These findings seem to indicate that quantifications of genomic relationships based on the amount of chromosome pairing at metaphase I must be carefully done in this type of hybrid combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fernández-Calvín
- Genetics Unit, E.T.S.I. Agronomy, Polytechnic University of Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
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