1
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Combination of Cytochalasin H and zinc oxide nanoparticles in human breast cancer: an insight into apoptosis study. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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New Cadinane Sesquiterpenes from the Stems of Kadsura heteroclita. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091664. [PMID: 31035334 PMCID: PMC6539153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of our continual efforts to exploit ‘Tujia Ethnomedicine’ for their pharmacophoric functionalities, we herein investigated Kadsura heteroclita collected from a deep Wulin mountain area in northern Hunan province. The current study resulted in the isolation of three new sesquiterpenes: 6α,9α,15-trihydroxycadinan-4-en-3-one (1), (+)-3,11,12-trihydroxycalamenene (2), (–)-3,10,11,12-tetrahydroxy-calamenene (3), along with four known sesquiterpenes (4–7), and a cytochalasin H (8). Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1D-, and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, and HRESI-MS, CD spectrometry. The antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the compounds were evaluated. Compound 8 exhibited a strong antioxidant effect with an IC50 value of 3.67 µM on isolated human polymorphonuclear cells or neutrophils.
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3
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Chemical interaction of endophytic fungi and actinobacteria from Lychnophora ericoides in co-cultures. Microbiol Res 2018; 212-213:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Sharma N, Kushwaha M, Arora D, Jain S, Singamaneni V, Sharma S, Shankar R, Bhushan S, Gupta P, Jaglan S. New cytochalasin from Rosellinia sanctae-cruciana, an endophytic fungus of Albizia lebbeck. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:111-120. [PMID: 29573314 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the potential of Rosellinia sanctae-cruciana an endophytic fungus associated with Albizia lebbeck for pharmaceutically important cytotoxic compounds. METHODS AND RESULTS One novel cytochalasin, named jammosporin A (1) and four known analogues (2-5) were isolated from the culture of the endophytic fungus R. sanctae-cruciana, harboured from the leaves of the medicinal plant A. lebbeck. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance data along with MS data and by comparison with literature reports. In preliminary screening the ethyl acetate extract of the fungal culture was tested for cytotoxic activity against a panel of four cancer cell lines (MOLT-4, A549, MIA PaCa-2 and MDA-MB-231), and found to be active against MOLT-4 with an IC50 value of 10 μg ml-1 . Owing to the remarkable cytotoxic activity of the extract the isolated compounds (1-5) were evaluated for their cytototoxicity against the MOLT-4 cell line by MTT assay. Interestingly, compounds 1-2, 4 and 5 showed considerable cytotoxic potential against the human leukaemia cancer cell line (MOLT-4) with IC50 values of 20·0, 10·0, 8·0 and 6·0 μmol l-1 , respectively, while compound 3 showed an IC50 value of 25 μmol l-1 . This is the first report of the existence of this class of secondary metabolites in R. sanctae-cruciana fungus. CONCLUSION This study discovered a novel compound, named jammosporin A, isolated for the first time from R. sanctae-cruciana, an endophytic fungus of A. lebbeck with anticancer activity against the MOLT-4 cell line. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Rosellinia sanctae-cruciana represents an interesting source of a new compound with bioactive potential as a therapeutic agent against a human leukaemia cancer cell line (MOLT-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sharma
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu, India
| | - M Kushwaha
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - D Arora
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu, India
| | - S Jain
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - V Singamaneni
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - R Shankar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Bhushan
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, India
| | - P Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu, India.,Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Jaglan
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu, India
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Shang Z, Raju R, Salim AA, Khalil ZG, Capon RJ. Cytochalasins from an Australian Marine Sediment-Derived Phomopsis sp. (CMB-M0042F): Acid-Mediated Intramolecular Cycloadditions Enhance Chemical Diversity. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9704-9709. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Shang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angela A. Salim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zeinab G. Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Macías-Rubalcava ML, Sánchez-Fernández RE. Secondary metabolites of endophytic Xylaria species with potential applications in medicine and agriculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 33:15. [PMID: 27896581 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are important sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. The genus Xylaria Hill (ex Schrank, 1789, Xylariaceae) comprises various endophytic species associated to both vascular and non vascular plants. The secondary metabolites produced by Xylaria species include a variety of volatile and non-volatile compounds. Examples of the former are sesquiterpenoids, esters, and alcohols, among others; and of the latter we find terpenoids, cytochalasins, mellein, alkaloids, polyketides, and aromatic compounds. Some of these metabolites have shown potential activity as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides; others possess antibacterial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, or α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Thus metabolites from Xylaria are promising compounds for applications in agriculture for plague control as biopesticides, and biocontrol agents; and in medicine, for example as drugs for the treatment of infectious and non-infectious diseases. This review seeks to show the great value of the secondary metabolites of Xylaria, particularly in the agriculture and medicine fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lydia Macías-Rubalcava
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Productos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 4510, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Rosa Elvira Sánchez-Fernández
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Productos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 4510, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico, Mexico
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Jouda JB, Tamokou JDD, Mbazoa CD, Douala-Meli C, Sarkar P, Bag PK, Wandji J. Antibacterial and cytotoxic cytochalasins from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. harbored in Garcinia kola (Heckel) nut. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:462. [PMID: 27842536 PMCID: PMC5109658 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria drastically reduced the efficacy of our antibiotic armory and consequently, increased the frequency of therapeutic failure. The search for bioactive constituents from endophytic fungi against MDR bacteria became a necessity for alternative and promising strategies, and for the development of novel therapeutic solutions. We report here the isolation and structure elucidation of antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from Phomopsis sp., an endophytic fungus associated with Garcinia kola nuts. Methods The fungus Phomopsis sp. was isolated from the nut of Garcinia kola. The crude extract was prepared from mycelium of Phomopsis sp. by maceration in ethyl acetate and sequentially fractionated by column chromatography. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral studies and comparison with published data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and anticancer properties by broth microdilution and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide methods respectively. The samples were also tested spectrophotometrically for their hemolytic properties against human red blood cells. Results The fractionation of the crude extract afforded three known cytochalasins including 18-metoxycytochalasin J (1), cytochalasins H (2) and J (3) together with alternariol (4). The cytochalasin compounds showed different degrees of antibacterial activities against the tested bacterial pathogens. Shigella flexneri was the most sensitive microorganism while Vibrio cholerae SG24 and Vibrio cholerae PC2 were the most resistant. Ampicillin did not show any antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae NB2, Vibrio cholerae PC2 and Shigella flexneri at concentrations up to 512 μg/mL, but interestingly, these multi-drug resistant bacterial strains were sensitive to the cytochalasin metabolites. These compounds also showed significant cytotoxic properties against human cancer cells (LC50 = 3.66–35.69 μg/mL) with low toxicity to normal non-cancer cells. Conclusion The three cytochalasin compounds isolated from the Phomopsis sp. crude extract could be a clinically useful alternative for the treatment of cervical cancer and severe infections caused by MDR Shigella and Vibrio cholerae.
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Yi JM, Kim J, Park JS, Lee J, Lee YJ, Hong JT, Bang OS, Kim NS. In Vivo Anti-tumor Effects of the Ethanol Extract of Gleditsia sinensis Thorns and Its Active Constituent, Cytochalasin H. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:909-12. [PMID: 26027832 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of new vessel formation from pre-existing blood vasculature and is critical for continuous tumor growth. We previously reported that an ethanolic extract of Gleditsia sinensis thorns (EEGS) and its active constituent, cytochalasin H, have anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo via suppression of endothelial cell functions. In the present study, EEGS and cytochalasin H were observed to efficiently inhibit tumor growth in an in ovo xenograft model without significant toxicity. We repeatedly observed the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects of EEGS in representative animal models. These results suggest that EEGS and its active constituent, cytochalasin H, are potential candidates for the development of anti-angiogenic cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mu Yi
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine; 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305–811, Republic of Korea: b College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University; 52 Naesudong-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 362–763, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Q, Xiao J, Sun QQ, Qin JC, Pescitelli G, Gao JM. Characterization of cytochalasins from the endophytic Xylaria sp. and their biological functions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10962-9. [PMID: 25350301 DOI: 10.1021/jf503846z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the fermentation extract of Xylaria sp. XC-16, an endophyte from Toona sinensis led to the isolation of two new cytochalasans cytochalasin Z27, 1, and cytochalasin Z28, 2, along with three known compounds seco-cytochalasin E, 3, and cytochalasin Z18, 4, and cytochalasin E, 5. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic and electronic circular dichroism methods. Compound 5 was shown to be potently cytotoxic against brine shrimp (LC50 = 2.79 μM), comparable to that of the positive agent toosendanin (LC50 = 4.03 μM), and also exhibited potential phytotoxic effects on Lactuca sativa and Raphanus sativus L. seedlings, which are higher than that of the positive control glyphosate. Additionally, the fungicidal effect of 2 against the phytopathogen Gibberella saubinetti was better than that of hymexazol. This is the first report of the three types of cytochalasins present in genus Xylaria. A structure-phytotoxicity activity relationship is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi P. R. China
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Lee J, Yi JM, Kim H, Lee YJ, Park JS, Bang OS, Kim NS. Cytochalasin H, an active anti-angiogenic constituent of the ethanol extract of Gleditsia sinensis thorns. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 37:6-12. [PMID: 24172060 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of new vessel formation from the pre-existing blood vasculature, is critical for continuous tumor growth and is considered to be a validated antitumor target. The results of our previous study demonstrate the anti-angiogenic potential of an extract of Gleditsia sinensis thorns, which has been traditionally used in Korean medicine to remedy diverse diseases, including tumors. In the present study, we attempted to identify the active anti-angiogenic constituents of the ethanol extract of G. sinensis thorns (EEGS). By virtue of in vitro activity-guided fractionation using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) primary endothelial cells, chromatographic separation, and NMR spectral analyses, we isolated and identified the potent active constituent, cytochalasin H, a biologically active secondary metabolite of fungi. This unexpected active constituent may have originated from the endophytic fungi, Chaetomium globosum, which naturally populate G. sinensis, the identity of which was determined by analysis of fungal community. Cytochalasin H isolated from the EEGS showed in vitro anti-angiogenic activities such as suppressed cell growth and mobility in HUVEC, and inhibited the pro-angiogenic protein-induced formation of new blood vessels in vivo. The anti-angiogenic effect of cytochalasin H was in part due to reduced expression of pro-angiogenic factor, such as endothelin-1. This is the first report regarding the isolation and identification of cytochalasin H, as an active anti-angiogenic constituent of G. sinensis thorns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lee
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
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11
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3-hydroxypropionic acid as an antibacterial agent from endophytic fungi Diaporthe phaseolorum. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:622-32. [PMID: 22886401 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are considered a rich source of active compounds resulting from their secondary metabolism. Fungi from marine environment grow in a habitat with unique conditions that can contribute to the activation of metabolic pathways of synthesis of different unknown molecules. The production of these compounds may support the adaptation and survival of the fungi in the marine ecosystem. Mangroves are ecosystems situated between land and sea. They are frequently found in tropical and subtropical areas and enclose approximately 18.1 million hectares of the planet. The great biodiversity found in these ecosystems shows the importance of researching them, including studies regarding new compounds derived from the endophytic fungi that inhabit these ecosystems. 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HPA) has been isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum, which was obtained from branches of Laguncularia racemosa. The structure of this compound was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR. In bioassays, 3-HPA showed antimicrobial activities against both Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The structure of this antibiotic was modified by the chemical reaction of Fischer-Speier esterification to evaluate the biologic activity of its chemical analog. The esterified product, 3-hydroxypropanoic ethyl ester, did not exhibit antibiotic activity, suggesting that the free carboxylic acid group is important to the pharmacological activity. The antibiotic-producing strain was identified with internal transcribed spacer sequence data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antibacterial activity by 3-HPA against the growth of medically important pathogens.
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Hazalin NAMN, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Cole ALJ, Majeed ABA. Induction of apoptosis against cancer cell lines by four ascomycetes (endophytes) from Malaysian rainforest. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:609-617. [PMID: 22397996 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been shown to be a promising source of biologically active natural products. In the present study, extracts of four endophytic fungi isolated from plants of the National Park, Pahang were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity and the nature of their active compounds determined. Those extracts exhibiting activity with IC(50) values less than 17 μg/ml against HCT116, MCF-7 and K562 cell lines were shown to induce apoptosis in these cell lines. Molecular analysis, based on sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS4, revealed all four endophytic fungi to be ascomycetes: three sordariomycetes and a dothideomycete. Six known compounds, cytochalasin J, dechlorogriseofulvin, demethylharzianic-acid, griseofulvin, harzianic acid and 2-hexylidene-3-methyl-succinic acid were identified from a rapid dereplication technique for fungal metabolites using an in-house UV library. The results from the present study suggest the potential of endophytic fungi as cytotoxic agents, and there is an indication that the isolates contain bioactive compounds that mainly kill cancer cells by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Aqmar Mohamad Nor Hazalin
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Genetic transformation of Diaporthe phaseolorum, an endophytic fungus found in mangrove forests, mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Curr Genet 2011; 58:21-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-011-0362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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One New Ten-membered Lactone from Phomopsis sp. B27, an Endophytic Fungus of Annona squamosa. Chin J Nat Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(09)60032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Stoeger SM, Cowan KH. Characterization of kinase suppressor of Ras-1 expression and anticancer drug sensitivity in human cancer cell lines. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 63:807-18. [PMID: 18661133 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the ERK1/2 MAP kinase signaling pathway plays an important role not only in cell growth, cell cycle regulation, and differentiation, but also in determining the sensitivity of cells to anticancer agents as well. Furthermore, expression of kinase suppressor of Ras-1 (KSR1), a molecular scaffold that modulates signaling through the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway, has been shown to influence the cellular sensitivity to the anticancer agent cisplatin. To further define the role of KSR1 expression on drug sensitivity, the expression of KSR1 was examined in the NCI60 anticancer drug screen, a panel of cancer cell lines representing nine tissue types, established by the Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The expression of thousands of molecular targets has been examined in the NCI60 panel as well as the cellular toxicity for greater than 400,000 compounds. KSR1 expression varied almost 30-fold difference between the highest and lowest expressing cell lines in the NCI60. Using the COMPARE analysis algorithm, KSR1 expression was correlated with sensitivity of the compounds screened by DTP and several novel agents were identified whose sensitivity correlated with KSR1 expression in the NCI60 panel. Cytotoxicity of two agents, cytochalasin H and tunicamycin, identified through the COMPARE analysis of KSR1 expression and drug sensitivity, was also examined in wild type (KSR(+/+)) mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and MEFs deficient in KSR1 expression (KSR1(-/-)). These studies demonstrated enhanced sensitivity, as well as increased ERK activation, in KSR(-/-) MEFs following exposure to tunicamycin or cytochalasin H compared to KSR(+/+) MEFs. Furthermore, restoration of KSR1 expression in KSR(-/-) MEFs following stable transduction of cells with a KSR1 expression vector, enhanced sensitivity of cells to tunicamycin and cytochalasin H and decreased ERK1/2 activation following exposure to these drugs. In addition, the sensitivity to cytochalasin H and tunicamycin of breast cancer cell lines with low KSR1 expression, (HS578T and MDA-MB-231/ATCC), was increased relative to the sensitivity of breast cancer cells with higher levels of KSR1 (MCF7). These studies indicate that KSR1 may play an important role in the determination of cellular sensitivity to anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Stoeger
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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Steyn PS, Breytenbach JC, Botha JH, Fernandes MA, Wessels PL. Synthesis, complete 1H and 13C NMR assignment and crystal structure of novel epoxide derivatives of cytochalasin B. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:650-659. [PMID: 18389494 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Five novel epoxide derivatives of cytochalasin B were synthesized. Reaction of cytochalasin B with t-BHP and BuLi led to selective epoxidation of the C-21/22 double bond to give a single monoepoxide, while reaction with m-CPBA yielded two diepoxides. Reaction of the monoepoxide with m-CPBA yielded two triepoxides. The relative configurations of the epoxides were elucidated by analogy with the natural product by means of spectroscopic methods; full assignment of NMR signals was achieved, and the absolute configuration was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter S Steyn
- Director: Research (Science), University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Rukachaisirikul V, Sommart U, Phongpaichit S, Sakayaroj J, Kirtikara K. Metabolites from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. PSU-D15. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:783-787. [PMID: 17950385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
From the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. PSU-D15, three metabolites named as phomoenamide (1), phomonitroester (2) and deacetylphomoxanthone B (3), were isolated together with three known compounds, dicerandrol A (4), (1S,2S,4S)-p-menthane-1,2,4-triol (5) and uridine. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Phomoenamide (1) exhibited moderate in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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Kurnia D, Akiyama K, Hayashi H. 10-Phenyl-[11]-cytochalasans from Indonesian mushroom Microporellus subsessilis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:697-702. [PMID: 17188722 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
10-Phenyl-[11]-cytochalasans (4-6), together with three known derivatives (1-3), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the Indonesian mushroom Microporellus subsessilis by a bioassay-guided fractionation. The compounds 6 and 1-3 induced immotility in Artemia salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikdik Kurnia
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Tsurushima T, Don LD, Kawashima K, Murakami J, Nakayashiki H, Tosa Y, Mayama S. Pyrichalasin H production and pathogenicity of Digitaria-specific isolates of Pyricularia grisea. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2005; 6:605-613. [PMID: 20565683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2005.00309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Culture filtrates from 72 isolates of Pyricularia, grouped into 13 rDNA types, were analysed via HPLC. Of these isolates, 31 (r9 DNA type) from crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), one (r9 DNA type) from pangolagrass (Digitaria smutsii) and six (r8 DNA type) from Digitaria horizontalis produced 20-280 microg pyrichalasin H per millilitre of culture. These same isolates were pathogenic on five Digitaria species. Interestingly, two isolates, KM-1 and Br 29, which were originally isolated from Digitaria plants, did not produce pyrichalasin H, nor caused blast lesion on Digitaria plants. Because these two isolates were identified as Digitaria pathogens by PCR analysis using Digitaria-specific primers, they are likely to be mutants lacking pyrichalasin H production. Isolates that belonged to the remaining 11 rDNA types did not produce pyrichalasin H and were avirulent to Digitaria plants. Therefore, the virulence of Pyricularia on Digitaria plants correlates with pyrichalasin H production. Pyrichalasin H was also present in spore germination fluid of a crabgrass isolate (IBDS 5-1-1), but not in that of isolates from rice, foxtail millet, finger millet, common millet and wheat. In addition, pyrichalasin H was detected in host leaves infected with IBDS 5-1-1, but not in leaves from other plants infected with compatible Pyricularia isolates. Pretreatment of leaf sheaths of crabgrass with 3 microg/mL pyrichalasin H led to the penetration and colonization by non-host isolates. Overall, these results indicate that production of pyrichalasin H is responsible for the genus-specific pathogenicity of Digitaria isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Tsurushima
- Faculty of Business, Hannan University, Matsubara 580-8502, Japan
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