1
|
Zhang S, Morgan XC, Dogan B, Martin FP, Strickler SR, Oka A, Herzog J, Liu B, Dowd SE, Huttenhower C, Pichaud M, Dogan EI, Satsangi J, Longman R, Yantiss R, Mueller LA, Scherl E, Sartor RB, Simpson KW. Mucosal metabolites fuel the growth and virulence of E. coli linked to Crohn's disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157013. [PMID: 35413017 PMCID: PMC9220930 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating how resident enteric bacteria interact with their hosts to promote health or inflammation is of central importance to diarrheal and inflammatory bowel diseases across species. Here, we integrated the microbial and chemical microenvironment of a patient’s ileal mucosa with their clinical phenotype and genotype to identify factors favoring the growth and virulence of adherent and invasive E. coli (AIEC) linked to Crohn’s disease. We determined that the ileal niche of AIEC was characterized by inflammation, dysbiosis, coculture of Enterococcus, and oxidative stress. We discovered that mucosal metabolites supported general growth of ileal E. coli, with a selective effect of ethanolamine on AIEC that was augmented by cometabolism of ileitis-associated amino acids and glutathione and by symbiosis-associated fucose. This metabolic plasticity was facilitated by the eut and pdu microcompartments, amino acid metabolism, γ-glutamyl-cycle, and pleiotropic stress responses. We linked metabolism to virulence and found that ethanolamine and glutamine enhanced AIEC motility, infectivity, and proinflammatory responses in vitro. We connected use of ethanolamine to intestinal inflammation and L-fuculose phosphate aldolase (fucA) to symbiosis in AIEC monoassociated IL10–/– mice. Collectively, we established that AIEC were pathoadapted to utilize mucosal metabolites associated with health and inflammation for growth and virulence, enabling the transition from symbiont to pathogen in a susceptible host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States of America
| | - Xochitl C Morgan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Belgin Dogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States of America
| | - Francois-Pierre Martin
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susan R Strickler
- Plant Research, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, United States of America
| | - Akihiko Oka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Jeremy Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Scot E Dowd
- MR DNA: Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, United States of America
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | | | - Esra I Dogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States of America
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Randy Longman
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States of America
| | - Rhonda Yantiss
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States of America
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Plant Research, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, United States of America
| | - Ellen Scherl
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States of America
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bishop RE. Structural biology of membrane-intrinsic beta-barrel enzymes: sentinels of the bacterial outer membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2008; 1778:1881-96. [PMID: 17880914 PMCID: PMC5007122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria are replete with integral membrane proteins that exhibit antiparallel beta-barrel structures, but very few of these proteins function as enzymes. In Escherichia coli, only three beta-barrel enzymes are known to exist in the outer membrane; these are the phospholipase OMPLA, the protease OmpT, and the phospholipidColon, two colonslipid A palmitoyltransferase PagP, all of which have been characterized at the structural level. Structural details have also emerged for the outer membrane beta-barrel enzyme PagL, a lipid A 3-O-deacylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lipid A can be further modified in the outer membrane by two beta-barrel enzymes of unknown structure; namely, the Salmonella enterica 3'-acyloxyacyl hydrolase LpxR, and the Rhizobium leguminosarum oxidase LpxQ, which employs O(2) to convert the proximal glucosamine unit of lipid A into 2-aminogluconate. Structural biology now indicates how beta-barrel enzymes can function as sentinels that remain dormant when the outer membrane permeability barrier is intact. Host immune defenses and antibiotics that perturb this barrier can directly trigger beta-barrel enzymes in the outer membrane. The ensuing adaptive responses occur instantaneously and rapidly outpace other signal transduction mechanisms that similarly function to restore the outer membrane permeability barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell E Bishop
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, 1200 Main Street West, Health Sciences Centre 4H19, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kol MA, Kuster DWD, Boumann HA, de Cock H, Heck AJR, de Kruijff B, de Kroon AIPM. Uptake and remodeling of exogenous phosphatidylethanolamine in E. coli. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2004; 1636:205-12. [PMID: 15164768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2003] [Revised: 01/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The fate of exogenous short-chain analogues of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine was studied in a deep-rough derivative of E. coli mutant strain AD93 that cannot synthesize phosphatidylethanolamine de novo. Using mass spectrometry, it was shown that dicaproyl(di 6:0)-phosphatidylethanolamine is extensively remodeled, eventually adopting the phosphatidylethanolamine species profile of the parental wild-type strain of AD93. Dicaproyl-phosphatidylserine was decarboxylated to form phosphatidylethanolamine, and yielded a species profile, which strongly resembled that of the introduced phosphatidylethanolamine. This demonstrates transport of phosphatidylserine to the cytosolic leaflet of the inner membrane. The changes of the species profile of phosphatidylethanolamine indicate that the short-chain phospholipids are most likely remodeled via two consecutive acyl chain substitutions, and at least part of this remodeling involves transport to the inner membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs A Kol
- Department of Biochemistry of Membranes, Institute of Biomembranes, Ctr. Biomem. and Lipid Enz. (CBLE), Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Witt W, Mertsching A, König E. Secretion of phospholipase B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 795:117-24. [PMID: 6380592 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(84)90111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase B and lysophospholipase activity is secreted from yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) growing aerobically in batch cultures during the exponential phase. A glycoprotein with both activities running on SDS-polyacrylamide slab gels as a broad band between 200 000 and 280 000 Da was purified about 2500-fold by gel filtration, chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography with octyl-Sepharose. The secreted phospholipase has a slightly higher carbohydrate content of 41 mumol/mg protein compared to a form of the enzyme associated to the plasma membrane described in the previous communication (Witt, W., Schweingruber, M.E. and Mertsching, A. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 795, 108-116) and exerts very similar enzymatic properties. Fatty acids are set free from lysophosphatidylcholine with a 68-fold higher rate than from phosphatidylcholine with a concomitant generation of the corresponding diacyl compound. pH optima of 3.0 and 3.5 were determined with phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine, respectively. During the enzymatic degradation of the cell wall, high amounts of phospholipase activity were released, indicating that the enzyme is present in the periplasmatic space or associated to cell wall components.
Collapse
|