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Efficient catalyst development for deep aerobic photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization: recent advances, confines, and outlooks. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1864859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wei S, He H, Cheng Y, Yang C, Zeng G, Qiu L. Performances, kinetics and mechanisms of catalytic oxidative desulfurization from oils. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22358c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-deep desulfurization technologies are critical for cleaner oils and consequent better air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Huijun He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Yan Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin
- P. R. China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
| | - Lu Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control
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Kannel PR, Gan TY. Naphthenic acids degradation and toxicity mitigation in tailings wastewater systems and aquatic environments: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1-21. [PMID: 22217078 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.629574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Naphthenic acids, NAs (classical formula C(n)H(2n+z)O(2), where n is the carbon numbers, z represents zero or negative even integers), found in oil sands process waters (OSPWs), are toxic to aquatic environments depending upon several factors such as pH, salinity, molecular size and chemical structure of NAs. Among various available methods, biodegradation seems to be generally the most cost-effective method for decreasing concentrations of NAs (n ≤ 21) and reducing their associated toxicity in OSPW, however the mechanism by which the biodegradation of NAs occurs are poorly understood. Ozonation is superior over biodegradation in decreasing higher molecular weight alkyl branched NAs (preferentially, n ≥ 22, -6 ≥ z ≥ -12) as well as enabling accelerated biodegradation and reducing toxicity. Photolysis (UV at 254 nm) is effective in cleaving higher molecular weight NAs into smaller fragments that will be easier for microorganisms to degrade, whereas photocatalysis can metabolize selective NAs (0 ≥ z ≥ -6) efficiently and minimize their associated toxicity. Phytoremediation is applicable for metabolizing specific NAs (O(2), O(3), O(4), and O(5) species) and minimizing their associated toxicities. Petroleum coke (PC) adsorption is effective in reducing the more structurally complex NAs (preferentially 12 ≥ n ≥ 18 and z = -10, -12) and their toxicity in OSPWs, depending upon the PC content, pH and temperature. Several factors have influence on the degradation of NAs in OSPWs and aquatic environments, which include molecular mass and chemical structure of NAs, sediment structure, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and bacteria types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash R Kannel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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JIANG Z, LÜ H, ZHANG Y, LI C. Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oils. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(10)60246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gai Z, Yu B, Wang X, Deng Z, Xu P. Microbial transformation of benzothiophenes, with carbazole as the auxiliary substrate, by Sphingomonas sp. strain XLDN2-5. Microbiology (Reading) 2008; 154:3804-3812. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/023176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Gai
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Bo Yu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Chapter 3 Emerging biocatalytic processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(07)80243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Kirkwood KM, Foght JM, Gray MR. Selectivity among organic sulfur compounds in one- and two-liquid-phase cultures of Rhodococcus sp. strain JVH1. Biodegradation 2006; 18:473-80. [PMID: 17091345 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-006-9080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of Rhodococcus sp. strain JVH1 among selected sulfidic and thiophenic compounds was investigated in both single-liquid-phase (aqueous) cultures and in two-liquid-phase cultures, where the sulfur compounds were dissolved in 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane as the immiscible organic carrier phase. In the single-liquid-phase cultures, Rhodococcus sp. strain JVH1 showed a preference for benzyl sulfide over both 1,4-dithiane and benzothiophene. An increased lag was observed in the degradation of benzyl sulfone and benzothiophene sulfone when both compounds were present. These results were consistent with a competitive inhibition mechanism, affecting both sulfur oxidation and carbon-sulfur bond cleavage. In the two-liquid-phase cultures, the effect of partitioning between the two liquid phases dominated the desulfurization activity of the culture. This partitioning resulted in an apparent absence of selectivity, as well as decreases in lag time, extent of degradation, and time to completion of degradation. Desulfurization activity also depended on the growth phase of the cultures. Mass transfer rate limitations were not observed at the low degradation rates of 0.02 mmol day(-1) l(-1). Owing to the importance of partitioning, Rhodococcus sp. strain JVH1 is predicted to show nonselective activity towards the sulfur species in a whole crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathlyn M Kirkwood
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 2G6 Edmonton, Alta, Canada
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Kirkwood KM, Andersson JT, Fedorak PM, Foght JM, Gray MR. Sulfur from benzothiophene and alkylbenzothiophenes supports growth of Rhodococcus sp. strain JVH1. Biodegradation 2006; 18:541-9. [PMID: 17091342 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-006-9085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhodococcus sp. strain JVH1 was previously reported to use a number of compounds with aliphatic sulfide bridges as sulfur sources for growth. We have shown that although JVH1 does not use the three-ring thiophenic sulfur compound dibenzothiophene, this strain can use the two-ring compound benzothiophene as its sole sulfur source, resulting in growth of the culture and loss of benzothiophene. Addition of inorganic sulfate to the medium reduced the conversion of benzothiophene, indicating that benzothiophene metabolism is repressed by sulfate and that benzothiophene is therefore used specifically as a sulfur source. JVH1 also used all six isomers of methylbenzothiophene and two dimethylbenzothiophene isomers as sulfur sources for growth. Metabolites identified from benzothiophene and some methylbenzothiophenes were consistent with published pathways for benzothiophene biodesulfurization. Products retaining the sulfur atom were sulfones and sultines, the sultines being formed from phenolic sulfinates under acidic extraction conditions. With 2-methylbenzothiophene, the final desulfurized product was 2-methylbenzofuran, formed by dehydration of 3-(o-hydroxyphenyl) propanone under acidic extraction conditions and indicating an oxygenative desulfination reaction. With 3-methylbenzothiophene, the final desulfurized product was 2-isopropenylphenol, indicating a hydrolytic desulfination reaction. JVH1 is the first microorganism reported to use all six isomers of methylbenzothiophene, as well as some dimethylbenzothiophene isomers, as sole sulfur sources. JVH1 therefore possesses broader sulfur extraction abilities than previously reported, including not only sulfidic compounds but also some thiophenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathlyn M Kirkwood
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada
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Young RF, Cheng SM, Fedorak PM. Aerobic biodegradation of 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid produced from dibenzothiophene metabolites. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:491-6. [PMID: 16391083 PMCID: PMC1352247 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.1.491-496.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dibenzothiophene is a sulfur heterocycle found in crude oils and coal. The biodegradation of dibenzothiophene through the Kodama pathway by Pseudomonas sp. strain BT1d leads to the formation of three disulfides: 2-oxo-2-(2-thiophenyl)ethanoic acid disulfide, 2-oxo-2-(2-thiophenyl)ethanoic acid-2-benzoic acid disulfide, and 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid. When provided as the carbon and sulfur source in liquid medium, 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid was degraded by soil enrichment cultures. Two bacterial isolates, designated strains RM1 and RM6, degraded 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid when combined in the medium. Isolate RM6 was found to have an absolute requirement for vitamin B12, and it degraded 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid in pure culture when the medium was supplemented with this vitamin. Isolate RM6 also degraded 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid in medium containing sterilized supernatants from cultures of isolate RM1 grown on glucose or benzoate. Isolate RM6 was identified as a member of the genus Variovorax using the Biolog system and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Although the mechanism of disulfide metabolism could not be determined, benzoic acid was detected as a transient metabolite of 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid biodegradation by Variovorax sp. strain RM6. In pure culture, this isolate mineralized 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid, releasing 59% of the carbon as carbon dioxide and 88% of the sulfur as sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozlyn F Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9 Alberta, Canada
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Van Hamme JD, Fedorak PM, Foght JM, Gray MR, Dettman HD. Use of a novel fluorinated organosulfur compound to isolate bacteria capable of carbon-sulfur bond cleavage. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:1487-93. [PMID: 15006770 PMCID: PMC368330 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.3.1487-1493.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuum residue fraction of heavy crudes contributes to the viscosity of these oils. Specific microbial cleavage of C-S bonds in alkylsulfide bridges that form linkages in this fraction may result in dramatic viscosity reduction. To date, no bacterial strains have been shown conclusively to cleave C-S bonds within alkyl chains. Screening for microbes that can perform this activity was greatly facilitated by the use of a newly synthesized compound, bis-(3-pentafluorophenylpropyl)-sulfide (PFPS), as a novel sulfur source. The terminal pentafluorinated aromatic rings of PFPS preclude growth of aromatic ring-degrading bacteria but allow for selective enrichment of strains capable of cleaving C-S bonds. A unique bacterial strain, Rhodococcus sp. strain JVH1, that used PFPS as a sole sulfur source was isolated from an oil-contaminated environment. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that JVH1 oxidized PFPS to a sulfoxide and then a sulfone prior to cleaving the C-S bond to form an alcohol and, presumably, a sulfinate from which sulfur could be extracted for growth. Four known dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing strains, including Rhodococcus sp. strain IGTS8, were all unable to cleave the C-S bond in PFPS but could oxidize PFPS to the sulfone via the sulfoxide. Conversely, JVH1 was unable to oxidize dibenzothiophene but was able to use a variety of alkyl sulfides, in addition to PFPS, as sole sulfur sources. Overall, PFPS is an excellent tool for isolating bacteria capable of cleaving subterminal C-S bonds within alkyl chains. The type of desulfurization displayed by JVH1 differs significantly from previously described reaction results.
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Lee SB, Strand SE, Stensel HD, Herwig RP. Pseudonocardia chloroethenivorans sp. nov., a chloroethene-degrading actinomycete. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:131-139. [PMID: 14742470 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial strain, SL-1T, capable of degrading trichloroethene was isolated from a laboratory enrichment in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, USA. The material in the enrichments was derived from a soil sample from Seattle, WA, USA. Strain SL-1T was capable of using phenol as a source of carbon and energy. Chemotaxonomic, morphological, physiological and phylogenetic analyses showed that strain SL-1T is a member of the genus Pseudonocardia. The ability of strain SL-1T to utilize phenol and degrade trichloroethene, as well as other phenotypic properties and the results from a 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis, led to the proposal of a novel species, Pseudonocardia chloroethenivorans sp. nov. The type strain is SL-1T (=ATCC BAA-742T=DSM 44698T). Trichloroethene and other chloroethenes are major pollutants at many environmental sites, and P. chloroethenivorans has biodegradation properties that should be of interest to environmental microbiologists and engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Bong Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Box 352700, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-2700, USA
| | - Stuart E Strand
- College of Forest Resources, Box 352100, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-2100, USA
| | - H David Stensel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Box 352700, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-2700, USA
| | - Russell P Herwig
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA
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Clemente JS, MacKinnon MD, Fedorak PM. Aerobic biodegradation of two commercial naphthenic acids preparations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2004; 38:1009-1016. [PMID: 14998012 DOI: 10.1021/es030543j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Naphthenic acids (NAs) have a variety of commercial uses including as emulsifiers and wood preservatives. They have been identified as being the main component responsible for the acute toxicity in produced waters in the oil sands operations in northeastern Alberta, Canada. NAs comprise a complex mixture of alkyl-substituted acyclic and cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids, with the general chemical formula CnH(2n+Z)O2, where n indicates the carbon number and Z specifies hydrogen deficiency from ring formation. In this study, commercial preparations of NAs were shown to be degraded in aerobic cultures from oil sands process-affected waters. High-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to monitor the concentrations and composition of the NA mixtures during biodegradation. Within 10 days of incubation, the NAs concentrations dropped from about 100 to <10 mg/L. This was accompanied by the release of about 60% of carbon from the NAs as CO2 and the reduction of toxicity of the culture supernatant, as measured by the Microtox assay. GC-MS results demonstrated that biodegradation changes the composition of the complex mixture of these NAs and that the lower molecular weight acids (with n = 5-13) were degraded more readily than the high molecular weight acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce S Clemente
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9 Canada
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Bressler DC, Fedorak PM. Identification of disulfides from the biodegradation of dibenzothiophene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:5084-93. [PMID: 11679330 PMCID: PMC93275 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.11.5084-5093.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2001] [Accepted: 08/22/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigations have identified benzothiophene-2,3-dione in the organic solvent extracts of acidified cultures degrading dibenzothiophene via the Kodama pathway. In solution at neutral pH, the 2,3-dione exists as 2-mercaptophenylglyoxylate, which cyclizes upon acidification and is extracted as the 2,3-dione. The fate of these compounds in microbial cultures has never been determined. This study investigated the abiotic reactions of 2-mercaptophenylglyoxylate incubated aerobically in mineral salts medium at neutral pH. Oxidation led to the formation of 2-oxo-2-(2-thiophenyl)ethanoic acid disulfide, formed from two molecules of 2-mercaptophenylglyoxylate. Two sequential abiotic, net losses of both a carbon and an oxygen atom produced two additional disulfides, 2-oxo-2-(2-thiophenyl)ethanoic acid 2-benzoic acid disulfide and 2,2'-dithiosalicylic acid. The methods developed to extract and detect these three disulfides were then used for the analysis of a culture of Pseudomonas sp. strain BT1d grown on dibenzothiophene as its sole carbon and energy source. All three of the disulfides were detected, indicating that 2-mercaptophenylglyoxylate is an important, short-lived intermediate in the breakdown of dibenzothiophene via the Kodama pathway. The disulfides eluded previous investigations because of (i) their high polarity, being dicarboxylic acids; (ii) the need to lower the pH of the aqueous medium to <1 to extract them into an organic solvent such as dichloromethane; (iii) their poor solubility in organic solvents, (iv) their removal from organic extracts of cultures during filtration through the commonly used drying agent anhydrous sodium sulfate; and (v) their high molecular masses (362, 334, and 306 Da) compared to that of dibenzothiophene (184 Da).
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Bressler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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Bressler DC, Fedorak PM. Purification, stability, and mineralization of 3-hydroxy-2- formylbenzothiophene, a metabolite of dibenzothiophene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:821-6. [PMID: 11157249 PMCID: PMC92653 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.2.821-826.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-2-formylbenzothiophene (HFBT) is a metabolite found in many bacterial cultures that degrade dibenzothiophene (DBT) via the Kodama pathway. The fate of HFBT in cultures and in the environment is unknown. In this study, HFBT was produced by a DBT-degrading bacterium and purified by sublimation. When stored in organic solvent or as a crystal, the HFBT slowly decomposed, yielding colored products. Two of these were identified as thioindigo and cis-thioindigo. The supernatant of the DBT-degrading culture contained thioindigo, which has not been reported previously as a product of DBT biodegradation. In mineral salts medium, HFBT was sufficiently stable to allow biodegradation studies with a mixed microbial culture over a 3- to 4-week period. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that HFBT was removed from the medium. 2-Mercaptophenylglyoxalate, detected as benzothiophene-2,3-dione, was found in an HFBT-degrading mixed culture, and the former appears to be a metabolite of HFBT. This mixed culture also mineralized HFBT to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Bressler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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