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Guillot AJ, Martínez-Navarrete M, Garrigues TM, Melero A. Skin drug delivery using lipid vesicles: A starting guideline for their development. J Control Release 2023; 355:624-654. [PMID: 36775245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid vesicles can provide a cost-effective enhancement of skin drug absorption when vesicle production process is optimised. It is an important challenge to design the ideal vesicle, since their properties and features are related, as changes in one affect the others. Here, we review the main components, preparation and characterization methods commonly used, and the key properties that lead to highly efficient vesicles for transdermal drug delivery purposes. We stand by size, deformability degree and drug loading, as the most important vesicle features that determine the further transdermal drug absorption. The interest in this technology is increasing, as demonstrated by the exponential growth of publications on the topic. Although long-term preservation and scalability issues have limited the commercialization of lipid vesicle products, freeze-drying and modern escalation methods overcome these difficulties, thus predicting a higher use of these technologies in the market and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Miquel Martínez-Navarrete
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Teresa M Garrigues
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
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2
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Lee JY, Byeon SK, Moon MH. Profiling of Oxidized Phospholipids in Lipoproteins from Patients with Coronary Artery Disease by Hollow Fiber Flow Field-Flow Fractionation and Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 87:1266-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503973p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Seul Kee Byeon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
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Lee JY, Lim S, Park S, Moon MH. Characterization of oxidized phospholipids in oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins by nanoflow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1288:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Development of ‘leaky’ liposome triggered by radiation applicable to a drug reservoir and a simple radiation dosimeter. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 74:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Marchetti C, Sidahmed-Adrar N, Collin F, Jore D, Gardès-Albert M, Bonnefont-Rousselot D. Melatonin protects PLPC liposomes and LDL towards radical-induced oxidation. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:286-96. [PMID: 21545523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro protective effects of melatonin against oxidation of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PLPC) liposomes [(PLPC) = 250 μm] and low-density lipoproteins (LDL, 3 g/L total concentration) by hydroxyl radicals produced by water gamma radiolysis. Conjugated dienes (CD) and hydroperoxides from cholesteryl esters (CEOOH) and phospholipids (PCOOH) were measured as indices of lipid peroxidation. Protein (apoB) oxidation in LDL was assessed by carbonyl groups. Two LDL antioxidants (vitamin E and β-carotene) were monitored as a function of the radiation dose. Three concentrations of melatonin were studied in PLPC liposomes, i.e., 20, 50 and 100 μm, and one in LDL, i.e., 100 μm. Melatonin consumption was also followed up in both lipid models upon irradiation, together with the residual PLPC concentration in liposomes. In PLPC liposomes, scavenging of lipid-derived peroxyl radicals was not the only phenomenon to explain the protective properties of melatonin towards lipid peroxidation. Indeed, melatonin also reacted with hydroxyl radicals generated in aqueous phase, which led us to suggest that hydroxyl radicals reacted relatively slowly with PLPC. Melatonin was efficient in lowering lipid peroxidation in LDL, as shown by the decrease in the formation of CDs and in hydroperoxides. Moreover, melatonin clearly slowed radio-induced apolipoprotein B carbonylation and protected α-tocopherol and β-carotene in LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Marchetti
- UMR-S 775, Bases moléculaires de la réponse aux xénobiotiques, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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6
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Interaction between non-anionic phospholipids and cytochrome c induced by reactive oxygen species. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:538-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Reis A, Domingues P, Ferrer-Correia AJV, Domingues MRM. Identification of free radicals of glycerophosphatidylcholines containing ω-6 fatty acids using spin trapping coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Free Radic Res 2009; 41:432-43. [PMID: 17454125 DOI: 10.1080/10715760601118353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalysed radical oxidation of diacyl-glycerophosphatidylcholines (GPC) with omega-6 acyl polyunsaturated fatty acids (PAPC, palmitoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerophosphatidylcholine and PLPC, palmitoyl-lineloyl-glycerophosphatidylcholine) was studied. Free radical oxidation products were trapped by spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidine-N-oxide (DMPO) and identified by electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS). The spin adducts of oxidised GPC containing one and two oxygen atoms and one and two DMPO molecules were observed as doubly charged ions. Structural characterisation by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of these ions revealed product ions corresponding to loss of the acyl chains (sn-1-palmitoyl and sn-2-oxidised spin adduct of lineloyl or arachidonoyl), loss of the spin trap (DMPO) and product ions attributed to oxidised sn-2 fatty acid spin adduct (lineloyl and arachidonoyl). Product ions formed by homolytic cleavages near the spin trap and also from 1,4 hydrogen elimination cleavages involving the hydroxy group in the sn-2 fatty acid spin adduct allowed to infer the nature of the radical. Altogether, the presence of GPC hydroxy-alkyl/DMPO and hydroxy-alkoxyl/DMPO spin adducts was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
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Ahmed-Adrar NS, Collin F, Couturier M, Vitrac H, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Jore D, Gardès-Albert M. Radiolytic Yield of Cardiolipin Peroxidation by Gamma Rays in Large Unilamellar Vesicles of Phosphatidylcholine. Radiat Res 2009; 171:622-30. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1473.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Oyane I, Takeda T, Oda Y, Sakata T, Furuta M, Okitsu K, Maeda Y, Nishimura R. Comparison between the effects of ultrasound and gamma-rays on the inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: analyses of cell membrane permeability and DNA or RNA synthesis by flow cytometry. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2009; 16:532-536. [PMID: 19230741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 200 kHz ultrasonic irradiation on DNA or RNA formation and membrane permeability of yeast cells were investigated by flow cytometry and compared with those of (60)Co gamma-ray radiation. Colony counting analyses were also performed for comparison. It was observed that the colony-forming activity of yeast cells was not affected by small doses of ultrasonic irradiation, but was closely related to the amounts of sonolytically formed hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of more than 80 microM. On the other hand, gamma-rays directly retarded colony-forming ability in addition to the effects of radiolytically formed hydrogen peroxide. The results obtained by flow cytometry also indicated that the amounts of DNA or RNA formed decreased with an increase in ultrasonic irradiation time without any threshold. These results indicated that flow cytometry can show early growth activities, but that colony counting analyses are insufficient to evaluate continuous and quantitative changes in these activities. In addition, by analyzing the amounts of DNA or RNA formed in the presence of the same amount of hydrogen peroxide, it was found that DNA or RNA formation behavior in the presence of hydrogen peroxide with no irradiation was similar to that following ultrasonic irradiation. These results suggested that similar chemical effects due to the formation of hydrogen peroxide were produced during ultrasonic irradiation. In addition, physical effects of ultrasound, such as shock wave, hardly contributed to cell inactivation and cell membrane damage, because relatively high frequency ultrasound was used here. In the case of gamma-ray radiation, direct physical effects on the cells were clearly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Oyane
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Nae M, Gazdaru D, Acasandrei A, Georgescu R, Macri BM, Radu M. A fluorescence approach of the gamma radiation effects on gramicidin A inserted in liposomes. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:1003-9. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Domingues MRM, Reis A, Domingues P. Mass spectrometry analysis of oxidized phospholipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2008; 156:1-12. [PMID: 18671956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The evidence that oxidized phospholipids play a role in signaling, apoptotic events and in age-related diseases is responsible for the increasing interest for the study of this subject. Phospholipid changes induced by oxidative reactions yield a huge number of structurally different oxidation products which difficult their isolation and characterization. Mass spectrometry (MS), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using the soft ionization methods (electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization) is one of the finest approaches for the study of oxidized phospholipids. Product ions in tandem mass spectra of oxidized phospholipids, allow identifying changes in the fatty acyl chain and specific features such as presence of new functional groups in the molecule and their location along the fatty acyl chain. This review describes the work published on the use of mass spectrometry in identifying oxidized phospholipids from the different classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosário M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Reis A, Domingues MRM, Amado FML, Ferrer-Correia AJ, Domingues P. Radical peroxidation of palmitoyl-lineloyl-glycerophosphocholine liposomes: Identification of long-chain oxidised products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 855:186-99. [PMID: 17540625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify palmitoyl-lineloyl-glycerophosphatidylcholine oxidation products (PL(O(1-6))PC). Structural and positional isomers of keto, hydroxy and/or epoxy, and hydroperoxide derivatives of PLPC were identified based on MS/MS data, namely product ions attributed to lyso-phosphatidylcholines, product ions formed by loss of nH(2)O and H(2)O(2) from [MH](+) ions groups, and product ions involving the hydroxy groups, providing information about the position of these groups and of the double bonds along the carbon chain of lineloyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Mekhloufi J, Vitrac H, Yous S, Duriez P, Jore D, Gardès-Albert M, Bonnefont-Rousselot D. Quantification of the water/lipid affinity of melatonin and a pinoline derivative in lipid models. J Pineal Res 2007; 42:330-7. [PMID: 17439549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the location of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and of a pinoline derivative (GWC22) [6-ethyl-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline], when present in lipid assemblies such as linoleate micelles, phosphatidylcholine liposomes or low density lipoproteins (LDL). The efficiency of radical scavenging by these compounds is highly dependent on their partitioning between the lipidic and aqueous phases. We determined the proportion of melatonin or GWC22 in the aqueous and lipid phases of each system (concentrations of the antioxidants ranging between 3 x 10(-5) and 10(-4) m) by assaying melatonin or GWC22 by HPLC/UV detection, or by fluorescence for melatonin in micelles. Our results show that melatonin and GWC22 were preferentially located in the aqueous phase of micelles (68.4% and 59.0%, respectively), whereas only 30.5% of melatonin and 39.0% of GWC22 were found in the lipid phase. By contrast, in phosphatidylcholine liposomes, both compounds were essentially present in the lipid phase (73.5% for melatonin and 79.1% for GWC22, versus 25.9% and 19.5% in the aqueous phase, respectively). In the case of LDL, 99.9% of the melatonin added was found in the methanol/water extracting phase containing phospholipids, unesterified cholesterol and apolipoprotein B100. The partitioning of melatonin and GWC22 in linoleate micelles gave new insights on the marked protective effect of GWC22 towards radiation-induced lipid peroxidation and allowed us to determine more accurately the lower limit values of the reaction rate constants of the two molecules studied with lipid peroxyl radicals, i.e. k(LOO.+melatonin)) >or= 9.0 x 10(4)m(-1)s(-1) and k(LOO.+GWC22) >or= 3.5 x 10(5)m(-1)s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Mekhloufi
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, Université Paris 5, Paris, France
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Bonnefont-Rousselot D. Gamma radiolysis as a tool to study lipoprotein oxidation mechanisms. Biochimie 2004; 86:903-11. [PMID: 15667940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined quantities of *OH, O2*-,HO2* or RO2*)radicals (reactive oxygen species) can be specifically produced by radiolysis of water or ethanol. Such radical species can initiate one-electron oxidation or one-electron reduction reactions on numerous biological systems. The oxidative hypothesis of atherosclerosis classically admits the involvement of the oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) but also of high density lipoproteins (HDLs) in the development of the atherosclerotic process. The initiation mechanisms of this oxidation are still incompletely defined, although free radicals are likely involved. Therefore, gamma-radiolysis appears as a method of choice for the in vitro study of the mechanisms of oxidation of LDLs and HDLs by oxygen-centred free radicals (*OH, O2*-,HO2* and RO2*). Radiolytically oxidized lipoproteins exhibited a very well defined oxidation status (radiation dose-dependent quantification of vitamin E, beta-carotene, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation ...). gamma-Radiolysis is a less drastic method than other oxidation procedures such as for example copper ions. Moreover, gamma-radiolysis is also especially suitable for studying the reducing properties of antioxidant compounds with regard to their scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique et Clinique (EA 3617), Faculté de Pharmacie, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 6, France.
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