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Evidence-Based Application of Acupuncture in Theriogenology. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020053. [PMID: 35202306 PMCID: PMC8880739 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Historical evidence of acupuncture predates written history. It has been a component of Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine for many generations and is officially recognized in recorded history for treating equine disease in the Zhou Dynasty, circa 1050 BC. Drawing from a range of searchable databases, we present the use of veterinary acupuncture related to theriogenology. We touch on human-based medicine only as an introduction to current uses within veterinary medical acupuncture. This review is confined to the use of acupuncture encompassing dry needle, electroacupuncture, aquapuncture, and the few reports of laserpuncture. Starting with acupuncture’s influence on the master organs of reproduction, the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, we then review reports specific to the gonads—ovaries and testicles—and then its influences on the uterus. From there, we review reports on the influence of acupuncture on pain associated with reproductive surgery, and finally, on the use of acupuncture for maternal lactation. Based on published reports, we conclude that acupuncture has been shown to be effective in many situations as a treatment for infertility and/or reproductive tract disfunction, resulting in improvements in both female and male patients.
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Brito LS, Maggitti Junior LDP, Ferraz PA, Vasconcelos IC, Carvalho JVGDS, Loiola MVG, Bittencourt RF, Madrigal-Valverde M, Cavalcante AKDS, Barbosa LP, Oliveira LPD, Bastos MCBB, Brito OSD, Ribeiro Filho ADL. Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin administered via the Baihui acupoint on follicular ovarian dynamics and the luteal function of cattle during an ovulation synchronization treatment regimen for fixed-time artificial insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 223:106631. [PMID: 33137692 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate effects of a smaller than typically used dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) during a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) treatment regimen. Transrectal ultrasonic (US) examinations were conducted on dairy cows on Day 0 (D0) and the treatment regimen was initiated with administrations of an intravaginal progesterone (P4) implant, estradiol benzoate (im), and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α; im). On D8, the P4 implant was removed and PGF2α and estradiol cypionate were administered to all animals. Subsequently, cows were randomly assigned to three groups and eCG was administered to Groups 1, 2, and 3 in doses of 300 (im); 100 (im); and 100 (Baihui acupoint) IUs, respectively. The B-mode and power-flow US cineloops were performed to assess follicular dynamics and evaluate various morphological and vascular characteristics of the corpus luteum. Blood samples were collected to quantify serum P4 concentrations. There were no differences between the ovulation synchronization treatment regimens for all follicular dynamic variables tested; however, cows in Group 3 differed from Group 2 having a larger follicle diameter (FD) on D10 (P = 0.06) and larger preovulatory FD (P = 0.09), as well as a blood perfusion area of the dominant follicle wall on D8 (P = 0.07). There were no differences in responses to the ovulation synchronization treatment regimens for the luteal variables evaluated subsequent to ovulation. In conclusion, the Baihui acupoint was effective as an alternative route for eCG dose reduction when FTAI treatment regimens were imposed without detrimentally affecting values for reproductive variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindomar Sousa Brito
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Di Paolo Maggitti Junior
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Priscila Assis Ferraz
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Isabela Costa Vasconcelos
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Gomes da Silva Carvalho
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Galvão Loiola
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Freitas Bittencourt
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Mónica Madrigal-Valverde
- Animal Sciences Deparment, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Campus Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ana Karina da Silva Cavalcante
- Center for Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences (CCAAB), Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pires Barbosa
- Center for Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences (CCAAB), Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Osvaldo Santos de Brito
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Baiano (IF Baiano), Catu, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antônio de Lisboa Ribeiro Filho
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
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Pinedo PJ, Caixeta LS, Barrell EA, Velez J, Manriquez D, Herman J, Holt T. A randomized controlled clinical trial on the effect of acupuncture therapy in dairy cows affected by pyometra. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:12-16. [PMID: 32916513 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pyometra (PYO) is a reproductive disease characterized by the accumulation of purulent or mucopurulent material within the uterine lumen, in the presence of an active corpus luteum (CL). As the CL continues secreting progesterone, PYO would develop following endometritis. Due to prohibited use of artificial luteolytic hormones in US certified organic dairies, conventional therapies consisting of administration of prostaglandin F2α, are not applicable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two acupuncture procedures on the treatment of persistent CL in cows with PYO. We hypothesized that acupuncture would reduce CL diameter and serum progesterone (P4) concentrations, leading to regression of PYO. Holstein cows with PYO, at an USDA certified organic dairy farm in Northern Colorado, were enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial and assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) control pyometra (CP; no treatment; n = 17); (2) electroacupuncture (EAP; n = 15); and (3) laser acupuncture (LAP; n = 15). Each cow received three 9-min (EAP) or 20-min (LAP) acupuncture sessions in alternate days. All study cows had blood samples collected for determination of serum progesterone concentration at d0, and at d2, d4, d11, d18, and d25 after first treatment. The ovaries were scanned by transrectal ultrasonography at -3d, d0, d2, d4, d11, and d18 to determine the diameter of the CL. The effect of treatment in the outcome variables was evaluated by ANOVA and by repeated measures analyses, accounting for baseline data (CL diameter and progesterone serum concentration). Average ± SE change in CL diameter from d0 to d18 were 0.94 ± 1.0 mm, 0 ± 1.0 mm, and - 0.33 ± 1.0 mm for CP, EAP, and LAP, respectively. The repeated measures analysis indicated no significant differences for CL diameter among groups. None of the study cows had serum progesterone values <1 ng/ml by the end of the monitoring period (d25) and average ± SE change from d0 to d25 were - 4.0 ± 1.97 ng/ml, -0.76 ± 2.1 ng/ml, and 3.24 ± 1.9 ng/ml for CP, EAP, and LAP, respectively. The repeated measures analysis indicated no significant differences for serum progesterone concentrations among groups. On farm cow records reviewed 150 d after treatment indicated that 2 cows in EAP and 1 cow in LAP conceived 38 d, 68 d, and 38 d, after treatment completion. In conclusion, acupuncture was not an effective treatment for persistent CL in cows with PYO, during the monitoring period.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1171, USA.
| | - L S Caixeta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1601, USA
| | - E A Barrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1601, USA
| | - J Velez
- Aurora Organic Dairy, Platteville, CO, 80651, USA
| | - D Manriquez
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1171, USA
| | - J Herman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1601, USA
| | - T Holt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1601, USA
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Luna SPL, Angeli AL, Ferreira CL, Lettry V, Scognamillo-Szabó M. Comparison of pharmacopuncture, aquapuncture and acepromazine for sedation of horses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 5:267-72. [PMID: 18830446 PMCID: PMC2529381 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacopuncture, the injection of subclinical doses of drugs into acupoints reduces drug undesirable side effects, residues in animal consumption products and treatment costs in large animals. Acepromazine (Acp) produces several undesirable effects, such as hypotension. Previous studies with the injection of 1/10 of Acp dose in dog acupoints showed its advantage for sedation, minimizing undesirable effects. Eight horses were randomly submitted to four different treatment protocols according to a Latin Square double-blind design: (i) 0.1 ml kg(-1) of saline subcutaneously injected at the cervical region, (ii) 0.1 mg kg(-1) of Acp injected subcutaneously at the cervical region, (iii) 0.01 ml kg(-1) of saline injected into GV1 acupoint (aquapuncture) and (iv) 0.01 mg kg(-1) of Acp injected into GV1 acupoint (pharmacopuncture). Heart rate, respiratory rate, head height and degree of sedation were measured before and at 30, 60 and 90 min after treatments. Signs of sedation were observed in all treated groups at 30 min and only in 1/10Acp-GV1 at 60 min after the treatments. Only the group treated with 0.1 mg kg(-1) of Acp s.c. had significantly lower values of head height at 30 min. Respiratory rate tended to reduce in all groups but was significantly lower only in horses treated with 0.1 mg kg(-1) of Acp s.c. Heart rate remained unchanged in all groups. Acp-pharmacopuncture on GV1 in horses produced a mild sedation when compared with the conventional dose of Acp. More investigations are necessary to determine the optimal dosage of Acp-pharmacopuncture for sedation in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelio P L Luna
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uberlândia Federal University CEP 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Kim EJ, Jang MK, Yoon EH, Jung CY, Nam DW, Lee SD, Kim KS. Efficacy of Pharmacopuncture Using Root Bark of Ulmus davidiana Planch in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2010; 3:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(10)60003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Yan Z, Liu J, Chen T, Cheng Z, Guo H, Wang Z, Wang Y. Treatment of Mycoplasma wenyonii Infection in Cows with Imidocarb Dipropionate Injection-acupuncture. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2008; 1:143-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(09)60035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Narda G. Robinson
- Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Liu J, Cho SN, Song KH, Kim DH, Kim MC, Cho SW. The effect of oculo-acupuncture on acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in dogs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2007; 35:53-61. [PMID: 17265550 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07004618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic effect of oculo-acupuncture on dogs induced with acute hepatic injury. Hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in 8 mongrel dogs (4 females and 4 males, aged 2 to 4 years). The dogs were divided into the control group (4 dogs) and the experimental group (4 dogs). The experimental group was treated with oculo-acupuncture at the liver/gallbladder regions plus the zhong jiao region of the eye after the induction of hepatic injury. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities were measured in both control and experimental groups. The serum AST, ALT, and GGT activities in the experimental group were decreased as compared to those in the control group. The significant differences were detected on the third day (AST, p < 0.05), second day (ALT, p < 0.05) and third day (GGT, p < 0.05) in the experimental group, respectively. Oculo-acupuncture alleviated acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in dogs was also confirmed by histopathological examination. We concluded that oculo-acupuncture at the liver/gallbladder regions plus the zhong jiao region was effective in the recovery of dogs from hepatic injury in a CCl(4)-induced model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhu Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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