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Phull AR, Ahmed M, Park HJ. Cordyceps militaris as a Bio Functional Food Source: Pharmacological Potential, Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Related Molecular Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020405. [PMID: 35208860 PMCID: PMC8875674 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a medicinal mushroom possessing a variety of biofunctionalities. It has several biologically important components such as polysaccharides and others. The diverse pharmacological potential of C. militaris has generated interest in reviewing the current scientific literature, with a particular focus on prevention and associated molecular mechanisms in inflammatory diseases. Due to rising global demand, research on C. militaris has continued to increase in recent years. C. militaris has shown the potential for inhibiting inflammation-related events, both in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Inflammation is a multifaceted biological process that contributes to the development and severity of diseases, including cancer, colitis, and allergies. These functions make C. militaris a suitable functional food for inhibiting inflammatory responses such as the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, on the basis of existing information, the current study provides insights towards the understanding of anti-inflammatory activity-related mechanisms. This article presents a foundation for clinical use, and analyzes the roadmap for future studies concerning the medical use of C. militaris and its constituents in the next generation of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rehman Phull
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Yuan P, Fu C, Yang Y, Adila A, Zhou F, Wei X, Wang W, Lv J, Li Y, Xia L, Li J. Cistanche tubulosa Phenylethanoid Glycosides Induce Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Mitochondria-Dependent and MAPK Pathways and Enhance Antitumor Effect through Combination with Cisplatin. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211013085. [PMID: 33949239 PMCID: PMC8113936 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211013085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa is a type of Chinese herbal medicine and
exerts various biological functions. Previous studies have been demonstrated
that Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides (CTPG)
exhibit antitumor effects on a variety of tumor cells. However, the antitumor
effects of CTPG on HepG2 and BEL-7404 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are
still elusive. Our study showed that CTPG significantly inhibited the growth of
HepG2 and BEL-7404 cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis, which was associated with the activation of MAPK pathways
characterized by the up-regulated phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 and
mitochondria-dependent pathway characterized by the reduction of mitochondrial
membrane potential. The release of cytochrome c and the
cleavage of caspase-3, -7, -9, and PARP were subsequently increased by CTPG
treatment. Moreover, CTPG significantly suppressed the migration of HepG2
through reducing the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and vascular
endothelial growth factor. Interestingly, CTPG not only enhanced the
proliferation of splenocytes but also reduced the apoptosis of splenocytes
induced by cisplatin. In H22 tumor mouse model, CTPG combined with cisplatin
further inhibited the growth of H22 cells and reduced the side effects of
cisplatin. Taken together, CTPG inhibited the growth of HCC through direct
antitumor effect and indirect immunoenhancement effect, and improved the
antitumor efficacy of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Yang
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | | | | | | | - Weilan Wang
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yijie Li
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lijie Xia
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Sang Q, Pan Y, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Zhang H, Hu P. HPLC determination of massoia lactone in fermented Cordyceps sinensis mycelium Cs-4 and its anticancer activity in vitro. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13336. [PMID: 32713040 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fermentation product of Cordyceps sinensis mycelium Cs-4 was commonly used as alternative substitutes of natural C. sinensis. Massoia lactone is the dominant component in the volatile oil of Cs-4 mycelium. In this research, we present a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantitation of massoia lactone in Cs-4 mycelium. The high and stable contents of massoia lactone with values of 2.98-3.77 mg/g, indicated that massoia lactone could be considered as a marker for the quality assessment of this product. The results of MTT and CCK-8 assay showed that Cs-4 mycelium volatiles exhibited cytotoxicity against eight malignant tumor cells (IC50 = 6.0-49.8 μg/ml) in comparison to the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 17.0-425.3 μg/ml), and massoia lactone might be the chemical basis for the anticancer effects of Cs-4 mycelium. Compared to the commercial drugs paclitaxel and docetaxel (IC50 = 253-1973 μg/ml), the Cs-4 mycelium volatiles and massoia lactone were discovered to possess inhibitory to taxol-resistant cell lines (IC50 = 1.5-8.6 μg/ml). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Considering that there is still a lack of marker components distinctive to Cs-4 mycelium, the HPLC method represents a useful tool for the quality evaluation of Cs-4 mycelium. Moreover, the volatile oil of Cs-4 mycelium and massoia lactone have prominent anticancer property in vitro. It gives a clue that Cs-4 mycelium, the volatile oil and massoia lactone could be potentially employed in the food and medical industries for its anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingni Sang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - Yuerong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Gao YL, Wang YJ, Chung HH, Chen KC, Shen TL, Hsu CC. Molecular networking as a dereplication strategy for monitoring metabolites of natural product treated cancer cells. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 1:e8549. [PMID: 31411772 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Natural products have been great sources for drug discovery. However, the structures of natural products are diverse and difficult to elucidate. Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic fungus which usually grows on host insects. The metabolites of C. militaris have been reported to act as chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed for the structural elucidation of specialized metabolites derived from C. militaris, and the metabolic impact in leukemia cells. METHODS We describe a liquid chromatography data-dependent mass spectrometric platform combining tandem mass analysis and molecular networking. Leukemia cells treated with C. militaris extract and control groups were visualized in terms of their metabolic profiles using Global Natural Product Social (GNPS) molecular networking. By this method, we were able to elucidate the structures of metabolites from medicinal fungus extracts and cancer cells and then to recognize their changes in a semi-quantitative manner. RESULTS Using C. militaris and leukemia cells as examples, we found that approximately 100 new ion species were present in the treated leukemia cells, suggesting a highly altered metabolic profile. Specifically, based on the tandem mass spectral similarity, we proposed that cordycepin, a key fungus-derived therapeutic agent known for its antitumor activity, was transformed into its methylthio form in leukemia cells. CONCLUSIONS The platform described provides an ability to investigate complex molecular interactions of natural products in mammalian cells. By incorporating tandem mass spectrometry and molecular networking, we were able to reveal the chemical modification of crude bioactive compounds, for example potential bioactive compounds which might be modified from cordycepin. We envision that such a mass spectrometry (MS)-based workflow, combined with other metabolomics platforms, would enable much wider applicability to cell biology and be of great potential to pharmacological study as well as drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Gao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jing Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chien Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Shin JS, Chung SH, Lee WS, Lee JY, Kim JL, Lee KT. Immunostimulatory effects of cordycepin-enriched WIB-801CE from Cordyceps militaris
in splenocytes and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Phytother Res 2017; 32:132-139. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University; 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Soo-Hak Chung
- Central Research Institute, Whanin Pharm. Co., Ltd GBSA; 107, Gwanggyo-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Korea
| | - Woo-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University; 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University; 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Je-Young Lee
- Central Research Institute, Whanin Pharm. Co., Ltd GBSA; 107, Gwanggyo-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Korea
| | - Jong-Lae Kim
- Central Research Institute, Whanin Pharm. Co., Ltd GBSA; 107, Gwanggyo-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University; 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University; 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
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Wada T, Sumardika IW, Saito S, Ruma IMW, Kondo E, Shibukawa M, Sakaguchi M. Identification of a novel component leading to anti-tumor activity besides the major ingredient cordycepin in Cordyceps militaris extract. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:209-219. [PMID: 28750234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In accordance with our previous study that was carried out to identify novel anti-tumor ingredients, chromatographic separation in combination with an anti-tumor activity assay was used for analysis of Cordyceps militaris extract in this study. Various modes of chromatography including reversed-phase, cation-exchange and anion-exchange were used to separate components of Cordyceps militaris, which showed various chemical properties. Anti-tumor activity of each fraction was assessed by a Hoechst staining-based apoptosis assay using malignant melanoma MeWo cells. By these repeated approaches through chromatographic segregation and cell biological assay, we finally succeeded in identifying the target substance from a certain fraction that included neutral hydrophilic components using a pre-column and post-column chlorine adduct ionization LC-APCI-MS method. The target substance was a mono-carbohydrate, xylitol, that induced apoptotic cell death in MeWo cells but not in normal human OUMS-24 fibroblasts. This is the first study showing that Cordyceps militaris extract contains a large amount of xylitol. Thus, our results will contribute greatly to uncovering the mysterious multifunctional herbal drug Cordyceps militaris as an anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Wada
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan (CERI), CERI Tokyo, Environmental Technology Department, 1600, Shimotakano, Sugito-machi, Kitakatsushika-gun, Saitama 345-0043, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - I Wayan Sumardika
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80232, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Shingo Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - I Made Winarsa Ruma
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80232, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Ichiban-cho, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masami Shibukawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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