1
|
Siddiqui YH, Shakaib M, Rasheed A, Ali HM, Azeem SMR, Siddique AH, Shafiq M. Enhancement of combustion effect leading to improved performance and exhaust emissions of an SI engine with ferrous oxide and graphite nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28556-z. [PMID: 37552442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of new, less toxic, less harmful, and nonmetallic graphite (G) and metallic iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanofuel additives by analyzing experimentally their consequences on exhaust emissions and performance of an air cooled, single cylinder, 4-stroke gasoline engine. Fe2O3 and graphite nanoparticles at 40, 80, and 120 mg/l of gasoline concentrations were mixed with gasoline by means of a magnetic stirrer. Brake power (BP), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), torque (T), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were the investigated parameters. Experimental results indicated that G-blends showed a higher rise in brake power, brake thermal efficiency and torque and a greater reduction in the brake-specific fuel consumption as compared to that of Fe2O3 fuel blends. Moreover, the G-blends produced less NOx and CO2 than Fe2O3 blends but produced more emissions of CO and HC than that of Fe2O3 blends. On average, G-blends produced 0.46%, 0.71%, and 1.71% more torque, power, and BTE and 2.43%, 1.87%, and 13.39% less brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), NOx, and CO2 than Fe2O3 blends, respectively. So, in terms of the eight parameters, four performance parameters (i.e., T, BP, BSFC, BTE), and four engine emission exhaust indicators (i.e., CO, NOx, HC, CO2), graphite nanoparticles showed more positive results for 6 parameters (T, BP, BSFC, BTE, NOx, CO2), while two parameters HC and CO showed negative results with graphite as compared to that of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. So, overall, we conclude that nanoparticles of graphite are more engine and environment friendly than that of iron oxide fuel additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hussain Siddiqui
- Institute of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shakaib
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Rasheed
- Institute of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Mohammad Rizwan Azeem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Athar Husain Siddique
- Institute of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manikanda Prabu N, Sureshkannan G, Maniiarasan P, Thangarasu VS. Experimental Study on Heat Treatment of SS 420 and EN 24 Using Nanoparticulate Quenching Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x18500400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heat transfer through nanotechnology is a current trend which occupies most research areas with improved results. Taking this concept, the present work has been focused on the analysis of quenching effect on steel such as EN 24 and SS 420 with nanoparticles dispersed in quenching medium. Quenching is the process of removing heat from the heat-treated elements which also take part in determining the hardness values depending on the heat transfer rate and quenching time. To ensure the outcome properties, different volume concentrations of nanofluids have been prepared by adding TiO2 nanoparticles with the average diameter of less than 20[Formula: see text]nm in synthetic oil. Here, it is planned to have four volume concentrations (0.25[Formula: see text]g/lit, 0.375[Formula: see text]g/lit, 0.5[Formula: see text]g/lit, 0.625[Formula: see text]g/lit) of nanofluids to be used in the experiment. The materials after facing heat treatment up to 850∘C (EN 24) and 980∘C (SS 420), are subjected to quenching by using nanofluid. The work has been carried out by altering the tempering temperature and volume of nanoparticles in the quenching medium. The outcome quality of the product desirably supports our expectations, such as improved hardness and reduced time consumption for quenching. Additionally, the comparative analysis shows an improvement in heat transfer characteristics as well as properties in quenched specimen with nanofluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Manikanda Prabu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - G. Sureshkannan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - P. Maniiarasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - V. S. Thangarasu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
| |
Collapse
|