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Parametric Analysis of Epoxy/Crumb Rubber Composite by Using Taguchi-GRA Hybrid Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193441. [PMID: 34641256 PMCID: PMC8512136 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of parameters affecting solid particle erosion of crumb rubber epoxy composite is investigated. Five important process parameters—impact velocity, impingement angle, standoff distance, erodent size, and crumb rubber content—are taken into consideration. Erosion rate and erosion efficiency are included as the chief objectives. The Taguchi coupled gray relational analysis type statistical model is implemented to study interaction, parameters’ effect on responses, and optimized parameters. ANOVA and regression model affirmed impingement angle and crumb rubber content play a significant role to minimize the erosion. Validity of the proposed model is justified with the standard probability plot and R2 value. A confirmation experiment conducted with A2B2C3D3E3 condition registers noticeable enhancement in GRG to the tune of 0.0893.
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Shahapurkar K, Chenrayan V, Soudagar MEM, Badruddin IA, Shahapurkar P, Elfasakhany A, Mujtaba MA, Siddiqui MIH, Ali MA, Mahlia TMI. Leverage of Environmental Pollutant Crump Rubber on the Dry Sliding Wear Response of Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172894. [PMID: 34502935 PMCID: PMC8433899 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of crump rubber on the dry sliding wear behavior of epoxy composites is investigated in the present study. Wear tests are carried out for three levels of crump rubber (10, 20, and 30 vol.%), normal applied load (30, 40, and 50 N), and sliding distance (1, 3, and 5 km). The wear behavior of crump rubber–epoxy composites is investigated against EN31 steel discs. The hybrid mathematical approach of Taguchi-coupled Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)—Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to examine the influence of crump rubber on the tribological response of composites. Mathematical and experimental results reveal that increasing crump rubber content reduces the wear rate of composites. Composites also show a significant decrease in specific wear values at higher applied loads. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction also shows a decreasing trend with an increase in crump rubber content, indicating the effectiveness of reinforcing crump rubber in a widely used epoxy matrix. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results also reveal that the crump rubber content in the composite is a significant parameter to influence the wear characteristic. The post-test temperature of discs increases with an increase in the applied load, while decreasing with an increase in filler loading. Worn surfaces are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to understand structure–property correlations. Finally, existing studies available in the literature are compared with the wear data of the present study in the form of a property map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Shahapurkar
- School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia;
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (T.M.I.M.)
| | - Venkatesh Chenrayan
- School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia;
| | - Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri Marg, SH-57, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh 247121, India;
| | - Irfan Anjum Badruddin
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pavan Shahapurkar
- Applied and Theoretical Mechanics Laboratory, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India;
| | - Ashraf Elfasakhany
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - MA Mujtaba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh PIN 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Masood Ashraf Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (T.M.I.M.)
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