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Duarte EDV, Vieira WT, Góes RO, de Azevedo LEC, Vieira MGA, da Silva MGC, de Carvalho SML. Amazon raw clay as a precursor of a clay-based adsorbent: experimental study and DFT analysis for the adsorption of Basic Yellow 2 dye. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62602-62624. [PMID: 36947378 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A clay-based adsorbent (CBA) was purified from a sustainable precursor (raw clay, RC), which was obtained from the Amazon region in Brazil. The CBA was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area (SBET, RC = 23.386 m2.g-1, CBA = 33.020 m2.g-1), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cation exchange capacity (CEC, CBA = 44.75 cmol/kg), and point of zero charge analyses (pHPZC, CBA = 2.20). Subsequently, CBA was used to adsorb basic yellow 2 (BY2) dye from aqueous solutions. A CBA dosage (1 g/L), initial concentration of dye (C0 = 15 mg/L), and pH (5.6) were ideal conditions for the BY2 dye removal of ~ 98%. The BY2 kinetics was better represented by the pseudo-first-order (PFO) model while the BY2 equilibrium was well represented by the Sips model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of qms = 18.04 mg/g at 28 °C. The negative values of ΔG° and ΔH° showed that the studied process is spontaneous and exothermic, while the values of isosteric heat (∆Hst, -16 to -20 kJ/mol) suggest a predominance of physical interactions. The molecular chemical reactivity of BY2 was investigated using quantum chemical descriptors calculated based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) optimization of the dye molecule, and the results revealed a large energy gap value (4.3900 eV) and considerable chemical hardness (η = 2.1950 eV). Therefore, the correlation between DFT and experimental results consistently sustains that BY2 dye tends to be adsorbed on the CBA surface by electrostatic interactions, thus, this is the possible adsorption mechanism of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele D V Duarte
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, Nº 500, CEP: 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wedja T Vieira
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, Nº 500, CEP: 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O Góes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Nº 01, CEP: 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luiz E C de Azevedo
- PostGraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Nº 01, CEP: 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Melissa G A Vieira
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, Nº 500, CEP: 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meuris G C da Silva
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, Nº 500, CEP: 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira M L de Carvalho
- PostGraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Nº 01, CEP: 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Nº 01, CEP: 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Shojaei S, Shojaei S, Band SS, Farizhandi AAK, Ghoroqi M, Mosavi A. Application of Taguchi method and response surface methodology into the removal of malachite green and auramine-O by NaX nanozeolites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16054. [PMID: 34362984 PMCID: PMC8346513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the simultaneous removal of malachite green (MG) and auramine-O (AO) dyes from the aqueous solution by NaX nanozeolites in a batch system is investigated. Taguchi method and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize and model dye removal conditions. In order to do so, the effect of various factors (dyes concentration, sonication time, ionic strength, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and pH of the solution) on the amount of dye removal was evaluated by the Taguchi method. Then, the most important factors were chosen and modeled by the RSM method so as to reach the highest percentage of dye removal. The proposed quadratic models to remove both dyes were in good accordance with the actual experimental data. The maximum removal efficiencies of MG and AO dyes in optimal operating conditions were 99.07% and 99.61%, respectively. Also, the coefficients of determination (R2) for test data were 0.9983 and 0.9988 for MG and AO dyes, respectively. The reusability of NaX nanozeolites was evaluated during the adsorption process of MG and AO. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency decreases very little up to five cycles. Moreover, NaX nanozeolites were also applied as adsorbents to remove MG and AO from environmental water samples, and more than 98.1% of both dyes were removed from the solution in optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siroos Shojaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, 98135-674, Iran.
| | - Saeed Shojaei
- Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab S Band
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan.
| | | | - Milad Ghoroqi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, P.O. Box 13185, Iran
| | - Amir Mosavi
- John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Obuda University, 1034, Budapest, Hungary
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