1
|
Martyniak A, Jeż M, Dulak J, Stępniewski J. Adaptation of cardiomyogenesis to the generation and maturation of cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:8-29. [PMID: 36263833 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The advent of methods for efficient generation and cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells opened new avenues for disease modelling, drug testing, and cell therapies of the heart. However, cardiomyocytes (CM) obtained from such cells demonstrate an immature, foetal-like phenotype that involves spontaneous contractions, irregular morphology, expression of embryonic isoforms of sarcomere components, and low level of ion channels. These and other features may affect cellular response to putative therapeutic compounds and the efficient integration into the host myocardium after in vivo delivery. Therefore, novel strategies to increase the maturity of pluripotent stem cell-derived CM are of utmost importance. Several approaches have already been developed relying on molecular changes that occur during foetal and postnatal maturation of the heart, its electromechanical activity, and the cellular composition. As a better understanding of these determinants may facilitate the generation of efficient protocols for in vitro acquisition of an adult-like phenotype by immature CM, this review summarizes the most important molecular factors that govern CM during embryonic development, postnatal changes that trigger heart maturation, as well as protocols that are currently used to generate mature pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Martyniak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Jeż
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Stępniewski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mansfield C, Zhao MT, Basu M. Translational potential of hiPSCs in predictive modeling of heart development and disease. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:926-947. [PMID: 35261209 PMCID: PMC9458775 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a major class of birth defects worldwide and is associated with cardiac malformations that often require surgical intervention immediately after birth. Despite the intense efforts from multicentric genome/exome sequencing studies that have identified several genetic variants, the etiology of CHD remains diverse and often unknown. Genetically modified animal models with candidate gene deficiencies continue to provide novel molecular insights that are responsible for fetal cardiac development. However, the past decade has seen remarkable advances in the field of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based disease modeling approaches to better understand the development of CHD and discover novel preventative therapies. The iPSCs are derived from reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells to an embryonic-like pluripotent state via overexpression of key transcription factors. In this review, we describe how differentiation of hiPSCs to specialized cardiac cellular identities facilitates our understanding of the development and pathogenesis of CHD subtypes. We summarize the molecular and functional characterization of hiPSC-derived differentiated cells in support of normal cardiogenesis, those that go awry in CHD and other heart diseases. We illustrate how stem cell-based disease modeling enables scientists to dissect the molecular mechanisms of cell-cell interactions underlying CHD. We highlight the current state of hiPSC-based studies that are in the verge of translating into clinical trials. We also address limitations including hiPSC-model reproducibility and scalability and differentiation methods leading to cellular heterogeneity. Last, we provide future perspective on exploiting the potential of hiPSC technology as a predictive model for patient-specific CHD, screening pharmaceuticals, and provide a source for cell-based personalized medicine. In combination with existing clinical and animal model studies, data obtained from hiPSCs will yield further understanding of oligogenic, gene-environment interaction, pathophysiology, and management for CHD and other genetic cardiac disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrin Mansfield
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Babaei-Abraki S, Karamali F, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Monitoring the induction of ferroptosis following dissociation in human embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101855. [PMID: 35337799 PMCID: PMC9034286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are vulnerable to cell death upon dissociation. Thus, dissociation is an obstacle in culturing, maintaining, and differentiating of hESCs. To date, apoptosis has become the focus of research into the nature of cell death triggered by cellular detachment; it remains baffling whether another form of cell death can occur upon dissociation in hESCs. Here, we demonstrate that iron accumulation and subsequently lipid peroxidation are responsible for dissociation-mediated hESC death. Moreover, we found that a decrease of glutathione peroxidase 4 because of iron accumulation promotes ferroptosis. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation (ferrostatin-1) or chelating iron (deferoxamine) largely suppresses iron accumulation-induced ferroptosis in dissociated hESCs. The results show that P53 mediates the dissociation-induced ferroptosis in hESCs, which is suppressed by pifithrin α. Multiple genes involved in ferroptosis are regulated by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In this study, solute carrier family 7 member 11 and glutathione peroxidase 4 are involved in GSH synthesis decreased upon dissociation as a target of Nrf2. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that iron accumulation as a consequence of cytoskeleton disruption appears as a pivotal factor in the initiation of ferroptosis in dissociated hESCs. Nrf2 inhibits ferroptosis via its downstream targets. Our study suggests that the antiferroptotic target might be a good candidate for the maintenance of hESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Babaei-Abraki
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Karamali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Henson JC, Brickell A, Kim JW, Jensen H, Mehta JL, Jensen M. PEGylated Gold Nanoparticle Toxicity in Cardiomyocytes: Assessment of Size, Concentration, and Time Dependency. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2022; 21:387-394. [PMID: 35201990 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2022.3154438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown promising capabilities for use in many in-vivo applications such as gene and drug delivery, photothermal ablation of tumors, and tracking in many imaging modalities. Yet GNPs have thus far had limited use in cardiovascular medicine. Polyethylene glycol functionalized (PEGylated) GNPs have been extensively studied in a wide array of in vitro and in vivo models with results showing no apparent toxicity, but to our knowledge an investigation has never been performed to determine direct cardiomyocyte toxicity. In this study, we assessed if PEGylated GNPs exhibited direct toxicity to a primary culture of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in order to establish PEGylated GNPs for potential future use in cardiovascular medicine applications. We present novel results that demonstrate both a particle size and concentration dependent relationship on cell viability. Cell viability was found to be significantly enhanced for many concentrations and sizes as compared to the control and increased linearly as a function of particle diameter. Additionally, viability increased in a parabolically dependent manner as a function of decreasing particle concentration. These new results could advance understanding of nanoparticle-cell interactions and lead to the development of new applications involving the use of gold nanoparticles in cardiovascular medicine.
Collapse
|
5
|
Olesen K, Rodin S, Mak WC, Felldin U, Österholm C, Tilevik A, Grinnemo KH. Spatiotemporal extracellular matrix modeling for in situ cell niche studies. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1751-1765. [PMID: 34418223 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) components govern a range of cell functions, such as migration, proliferation, maintenance of stemness, and differentiation. Cell niches that harbor stem-/progenitor cells, with matching ECM, have been shown in a range of organs, although their presence in the heart is still under debate. Determining niches depends on a range of in vitro and in vivo models and techniques, where animal models are powerful tools for studying cell-ECM dynamics; however, they are costly and time-consuming to use. In vitro models based on recombinant ECM proteins lack the complexity of the in vivo ECM. To address these issues, we present the spatiotemporal extracellular matrix model for studies of cell-ECM dynamics, such as cell niches. This model combines gentle decellularization and sectioning of cardiac tissue, allowing retention of a complex ECM, with recellularization and subsequent image processing using image stitching, segmentation, automatic binning, and generation of cluster maps. We have thereby developed an in situ representation of the cardiac ECM that is useful for assessment of repopulation dynamics and to study the effect of local ECM composition on phenotype preservation of reseeded mesenchymal progenitor cells. This model provides a platform for studies of organ-specific cell-ECM dynamics and identification of potential cell niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Olesen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.,Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wing Cheung Mak
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Felldin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Österholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mirzadeh Azad F, Polignano IL, Proserpio V, Oliviero S. Long Noncoding RNAs in Human Stemness and Differentiation. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:542-555. [PMID: 33663944 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are among the main regulatory factors of stem cell maintenance and differentiation. They act through various mechanisms and interactions with proteins, DNA, and RNA. This heterogeneity in function increases the capabilities of the lncRNome toolkit but also makes it difficult to predict the function of novel lncRNAs or even rely on biological information produced in animal models. As lncRNAs are species- and tissue-specific, the recent technical advances in self-renewal and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) make these cells the ideal system to identify key regulatory lncRNAs and study their molecular functions. Here we provide an overview of the functional versatility of lncRNA mechanistic heterogeneity in regulating pluripotency maintenance and human differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirzadeh Azad
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; IIGM Foundation, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Isabelle Laurence Polignano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; IIGM Foundation, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Proserpio
- IIGM Foundation, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; IIGM Foundation, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han Z, Xu Z, Chen L, Ye D, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Djibril B, Guo X, Gao X, Zhang W, Yu M, Liu S, Yan G, Jin M, Huang Q, Wang X, Hua B, Feng C, Yang F, Ma W, Liu Y. Iron overload inhibits self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells via DNA damage and generation of reactive oxygen species. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:726-733. [PMID: 32053740 PMCID: PMC7193162 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload affects the cell cycle of various cell types, but the effect of iron overload on human pluripotent stem cells has not yet been reported. Here, we show that the proliferation capacities of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were significantly inhibited by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) in a concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, deferoxamine protected hESCs/hiPSCs against FAC‐induced cell‐cycle arrest. However, iron overload did not affect pluripotency in hESCs/hiPSCs. Further, treatment of hiPSCs with FAC resulted in excess reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the role of iron homeostasis in the maintenance of self‐renewal in human pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Beijing Ruihua Heart Rehabilitation Research Center, China
| | - Danyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bamba Djibril
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinlu Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meixi Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shenzhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gege Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyu Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingjie Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Witman N, Zhou C, Grote Beverborg N, Sahara M, Chien KR. Cardiac progenitors and paracrine mediators in cardiogenesis and heart regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:29-51. [PMID: 31862220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hearts have the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs. As such, heart regeneration has been and continues to be the ultimate goal in the treatment against acquired and congenital heart diseases. Uncovering such a long-awaited therapy is still extremely challenging in the current settings. On the other hand, this desperate need for effective heart regeneration has developed various forms of modern biotechnologies in recent years. These involve the transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors or cardiomyocytes generated in vitro and novel biochemical molecules along with tissue engineering platforms. Such newly generated technologies and approaches have been shown to effectively proliferate cardiomyocytes and promote heart repair in the diseased settings, albeit mainly preclinically. These novel tools and medicines give somehow credence to breaking down the barriers associated with re-building heart muscle. However, in order to maximize efficacy and achieve better clinical outcomes through these cell-based and/or cell-free therapies, it is crucial to understand more deeply the developmental cellular hierarchies/paths and molecular mechanisms in normal or pathological cardiogenesis. Indeed, the morphogenetic process of mammalian cardiac development is highly complex and spatiotemporally regulated by various types of cardiac progenitors and their paracrine mediators. Here we discuss the most recent knowledge and findings in cardiac progenitor cell biology and the major cardiogenic paracrine mediators in the settings of cardiogenesis, congenital heart disease, and heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chikai Zhou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chaichi A, Prasad A, Gartia MR. Raman Spectroscopy and Microscopy Applications in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Molecules to Organs. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E107. [PMID: 30424523 PMCID: PMC6315865 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive and label-free vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy methods have shown great potential for clinical diagnosis applications. Raman spectroscopy is based on inelastic light scattering due to rotational and vibrational modes of molecular bonds. It has been shown that Raman spectra provide chemical signatures of changes in biological tissues in different diseases, and this technique can be employed in label-free monitoring and clinical diagnosis of several diseases, including cardiovascular studies. However, there are very few literature reviews available to summarize the state of art and future applications of Raman spectroscopy in cardiovascular diseases, particularly cardiac hypertrophy. In addition to conventional clinical approaches such as electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiogram (cardiac ultrasound), positron emission tomography (PET), cardiac computed tomography (CT), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), applications of vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy will provide invaluable information useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Various in vivo and ex vivo investigations can potentially be performed using Raman imaging to study and distinguish pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophies and understand the mechanisms of other cardiac diseases. Here, we have reviewed the recent literature on Raman spectroscopy to study cardiovascular diseases covering investigations on the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Chaichi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Alisha Prasad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao YT, Wang J, Yano N, Zhang LX, Wang H, Zhang S, Qin G, Dubielecka PM, Zhuang S, Liu PY, Chin YE, Zhao TC. Irisin promotes cardiac progenitor cell-induced myocardial repair and functional improvement in infarcted heart. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1671-1681. [PMID: 30171682 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irisin, a newly identified hormone and cardiokine, is critical for modulating body metabolism. New evidence indicates that irisin protects the heart against myocardial ischemic injury. However, whether irisin enhances cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)-induced cardiac repair remains unknown. This study examines the effect of irisin on CPC-induced cardiac repair when these cells are introduced into the infarcted myocardium. Nkx2.5+ CPC stable cells were isolated from mouse embryonic stem cells. Nkx2.5 + CPCs (0.5 × 10 6 ) were reintroduced into the infarcted myocardium using PEGlylated fibrin delivery. The mouse myocardial infarction model was created by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Nkx2.5 + CPCs were pretreated with irisin at a concentration of 5 ng/ml in vitro for 24 hr before transplantation. Myocardial functions were evaluated by echocardiographic measurement. Eight weeks after engraftment, Nkx2.5 + CPCs improved ventricular function as evident by an increase in ejection fraction and fractional shortening. These findings are concomitant with the suppression of cardiac hypertrophy and attenuation of myocardial interstitial fibrosis. Transplantation of Nkx2.5 + CPCs promoted cardiac regeneration and neovascularization, which were increased with the pretreatment of Nkx2.5 + CPCs with irisin. Furthermore, irisin treatment promoted myocyte proliferation as indicated by proliferative markers Ki67 and phosphorylated histone 3 and decreased apoptosis. Additionally, irisin resulted in a marked reduction of histone deacetylase 4 and increased p38 acetylation in cultured CPCs. These results indicate that irisin promoted Nkx2.5 + CPC-induced cardiac regeneration and functional improvement and that irisin serves as a novel therapeutic approach for stem cells in cardiac repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tina Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shouyan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Luoyang Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Paul Y Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoang P, Wang J, Conklin BR, Healy KE, Ma Z. Generation of spatial-patterned early-developing cardiac organoids using human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:723-737. [PMID: 29543795 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2018.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The creation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has provided an unprecedented opportunity to study tissue morphogenesis and organ development through 'organogenesis-in-a-dish'. Current approaches to cardiac organoid engineering rely on either direct cardiac differentiation from embryoid bodies (EBs) or generation of aligned cardiac tissues from predifferentiated cardiomyocytes from monolayer hiPSCs. To experimentally model early cardiac organogenesis in vitro, our protocol combines biomaterials-based cell patterning with stem cell organoid engineering. 3D cardiac microchambers are created from 2D hiPSC colonies; these microchambers approximate an early-development heart with distinct spatial organization and self-assembly. With proper training in photolithography microfabrication, maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells, and cardiac differentiation, a graduate student with guidance will likely be able to carry out this experimental protocol, which requires ∼3 weeks. We envisage that this in vitro model of human early heart development could serve as an embryotoxicity screening assay in drug discovery, regulation, and prescription for healthy fetal development. We anticipate that, when applied to hiPSC lines derived from patients with inherited diseases, this protocol can be used to study the disease mechanisms of cardiac malformations at an early stage of embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Plansky Hoang
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Q, Wang Z, Wu C, Pan Z, Xiang L, Liu H, Jin X, Tong K, Fan S, Jin X. Potential association of long noncoding RNA HA117 with tetralogy of Fallot. Genes Dis 2018; 5:185-190. [PMID: 30258948 PMCID: PMC6148707 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart disease characterized by abnormal cardiomyocyte differentiation in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), and HA117 is a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) with anti-differentiation roles. To investigate the potential association of HA117 with TOF, we collected 84 RVOT tissues from patients with TOF. We determined the expression of HA117 in RVOT samples from TOF patients and collected clinical data to conduct a cross-sectional and short-term follow-up study. McGoon ratio, Nakata index, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) were negatively correlated with the expression of HA117 based on subgroup analysis, correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis. Additionally, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time and ICU stay were longer in patients with higher expression of HA117 than in patients with lower expression of HA117. Furthermore, percentage improvement in SPO2 was significantly reduced in patients with increased HA117 expression at 6 months after surgery. Our results suggested that the increased expression of the novel lncRNA HA117 is a risk factor for unfavorable McGoon ratio, Nakata index and LVEDVI in TOF patients. Additionally, an increased expression of HA117 might lead to adverse short-term outcomes in TOF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxia Pan
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kerong Tong
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shulei Fan
- Renal Department and Nephrology Institute, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianqing Jin
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kijlstra JD, Hu D, van der Meer P, Domian IJ. Single-Cell Functional Analysis of Stem-Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes on Micropatterned Flexible Substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 43:1F.20.1-1F.20.9. [PMID: 29140569 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) hold great promise for applications in human disease modeling, drug discovery, cardiotoxicity screening, and, ultimately, regenerative medicine. The ability to study multiple parameters of hPSC-CM function, such as contractile and electrical activity, calcium cycling, and force generation, is therefore of paramount importance. hPSC-CMs cultured on stiff substrates like glass or polystyrene do not have the ability to shorten during contraction, making them less suitable for the study of hPSC-CM contractile function. Other approaches require highly specialized hardware and are difficult to reproduce. Here we describe a protocol for the preparation of hPSC-CMs on soft substrates that enable shortening, and subsequently the simultaneous quantitative analysis of their contractile and electrical activity, calcium cycling, and force generation at single-cell resolution. This protocol requires only affordable and readily available materials and works with standard imaging hardware. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan David Kijlstra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dongjian Hu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ibrahim J Domian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
(Re-)programming of subtype specific cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:142-167. [PMID: 28916499 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) possess a highly restricted intrinsic regenerative potential - a major barrier to the effective treatment of a range of chronic degenerative cardiac disorders characterized by cellular loss and/or irreversible dysfunction and which underlies the majority of deaths in developed countries. Both stem cell programming and direct cell reprogramming hold promise as novel, potentially curative approaches to address this therapeutic challenge. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has introduced a second pluripotent stem cell source besides embryonic stem cells (ESCs), enabling even autologous cardiomyocyte production. In addition, the recent achievement of directly reprogramming somatic cells into cardiomyocytes is likely to become of great importance. In either case, different clinical scenarios will require the generation of highly pure, specific cardiac cellular-subtypes. In this review, we discuss these themes as related to the cardiovascular stem cell and programming field, including a focus on the emergent topic of pacemaker cell generation for the development of biological pacemakers and in vitro drug testing.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu J, Li Y, Lin B, Sheng Y, Yang L. HBL1 Is a Human Long Noncoding RNA that Modulates Cardiomyocyte Development from Pluripotent Stem Cells by Counteracting MIR1. Dev Cell 2017; 42:333-348.e5. [PMID: 28829943 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiogenesis processes in human and animals have differential dynamics, suggesting the existence of species-specific regulators during heart development. However, it remains a challenge to discover the human-specific cardiac regulatory genes, given that most coding genes are conserved. Here, we report the identification of a human-specific long noncoding RNA, Heart Brake LncRNA 1 (HBL1), which regulates cardiomyocyte development from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Overexpression of HBL1 repressed, whereas knockdown and knockout of HBL1 increased, cardiomyocyte differentiation from hiPSCs. HBL1 physically interacted with MIR1 in an AGO2 complex. Disruption of MIR1 binding sites in HBL1 showed an effect similar to that of HBL1 knockout. SOX2 bound to HBL1 promoter and activated its transcription. Knockdown of SOX2 in hiPSCs led to decreased HBL1 expression and increased cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency. Thus, HBL1 plays a modulatory role in fine-tuning human-specific cardiomyocyte development by forming a regulatory network with SOX2 and MIR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juli Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45(th) Street, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45(th) Street, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45(th) Street, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Yi Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45(th) Street, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jung KB, Son YS, Lee H, Jung CR, Kim J, Son MY. Transcriptome dynamics of human pluripotent stem cell-derived contracting cardiomyocytes using an embryoid body model with fetal bovine serum. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:1565-1574. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation protocols did not promote the sufficient expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation for generating adult-like mature CMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Bo Jung
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics
| | - Ye Seul Son
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics
| | - Hana Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiang MSW, Kikuchi K. Endogenous Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:67-131. [PMID: 27572127 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish possess a remarkable capacity for cardiac regeneration throughout their lifetime, providing a model for investigating endogenous cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating myocardial regeneration. By contrast, adult mammals have an extremely limited capacity for cardiac regeneration, contributing to mortality and morbidity from cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. However, the viewpoint of the mammalian heart as a postmitotic organ was recently revised based on findings that the mammalian heart contains multiple undifferentiated cell types with cardiogenic potential as well as a robust regenerative capacity during a short period early in life. Although it occurs at an extremely low level, continuous cardiomyocyte turnover has been detected in adult mouse and human hearts, which could potentially be enhanced to restore lost myocardium in damaged human hearts. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in the understanding of endogenous mechanisms of cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S W Xiang
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - K Kikuchi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao YT, Du J, Chen Y, Tang Y, Qin G, Lv G, Zhuang S, Zhao TC. Inhibition of Oct 3/4 mitigates the cardiac progenitor-derived myocardial repair in infarcted myocardium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:259. [PMID: 26704423 PMCID: PMC4690244 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence has demonstrated that cardiac progenitor cells play an essential role in the induction of angiomyogenesis in infarcted myocardium. We and others have shown that engraftment of c-kit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) into infarcted hearts led to myocardium regeneration and neovascularization, which was associated with an improvement of ventricular function. The purpose of this study is aimed at investigating the functional role of transcription factor (TF) Oct3/4 in facilitating CSCs to promote myocardium regeneration and preserve cardiac performance in the post-MI heart. Methods c-kit+ CSCs were isolated from adult hearts and re-introduced into the infarcted myocardium in which the mouse MI model was created by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The Oct3/4 of CSCs was inhibited by transfection of Oct3/4 siRNA, and transfection of CSCs with control siRNA serves as control groups. Myocardial functions were evaluated by echocardiographic measurement. Histological analysis was employed to assess newly formed cardiogenesis, neovascularization, and cell proliferations. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was carried out to assess apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were carried out to evaluate the level of Oct 3/4 in CSCs. Results Two weeks after engraftment, CSCs increased ventricular functional recovery as shown by a serial echocardiographic measurement, which is concomitant with the suppression of cardiac hypertrophy and attenuation of myocardial interstitial fibrosis. Suppression of Oct 3/4 of CSCs abrogated functional improvements and mitigated the hypertrophic response and cardiac remodeling. Transplantation of c-kit+ CSCs into MI hearts promoted cardiac regeneration and neovascularization, which were abolished with the knockdown of Oct3/4. Additionally, suppression of Oct3/4 abrogated myocyte proliferation in the CSC-engrafted myocardium. Conclusion Our results indicate that CSCs-derived cardiac regeneration improves the restoration of cardiac function and is mediated through Oct 3/4. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0252-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tina Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Du
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Youfang Chen
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia/Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, 30912, GA, USA.
| | - Gangjian Qin
- c, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-725, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA.
| | - Guorong Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 40 Zhongshan N Road, Licheng, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, 02903, RI, USA.
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Lin B, Yang L. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of multiple cardiovascular fates from embryonic stem cells predicts novel regulators in human cardiogenesis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9758. [PMID: 25997157 PMCID: PMC4440522 DOI: 10.1038/srep09758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissecting the gene expression programs which control the early stage cardiovascular development is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of human heart development and heart disease. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of highly purified human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs), hESC-derived Multipotential Cardiovascular Progenitors (MCPs) and MCP-specified three cardiovascular lineages. A novel algorithm, named as Gene Expression Pattern Analyzer (GEPA), was developed to obtain a refined lineage-specificity map of all sequenced genes, which reveals dynamic changes of transcriptional factor networks underlying early human cardiovascular development. Moreover, our GEPA predictions captured ~90% of top-ranked regulatory cardiac genes that were previously predicted based on chromatin signature changes in hESCs, and further defined their cardiovascular lineage-specificities, indicating that our multi-fate comparison analysis could predict novel regulatory genes. Furthermore, GEPA analysis revealed the MCP-specific expressions of genes in ephrin signaling pathway, positive role of which in cardiomyocyte differentiation was further validated experimentally. By using RNA-seq plus GEPA workflow, we also identified stage-specific RNA splicing switch and lineage-enriched long non-coding RNAs during human cardiovascular differentiation. Overall, our study utilized multi-cell-fate transcriptomic comparison analysis to establish a lineage-specific gene expression map for predicting and validating novel regulatory mechanisms underlying early human cardiovascular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th Street, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th Street, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th Street, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghita A, Pascut FC, Sottile V, Denning C, Notingher I. Applications of Raman micro-spectroscopy to stem cell technology: label-free molecular discrimination and monitoring cell differentiation. EPJ TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2015; 2:6. [PMID: 26161299 PMCID: PMC4486413 DOI: 10.1140/epjti/s40485-015-0016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is widely acknowledged as a key medical technology of the 21st century which may provide treatments for many currently incurable diseases. These cells have an enormous potential for cell replacement therapies to cure diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders, as well as in tissue engineering as a reliable cell source for providing grafts to replace and repair diseased tissues. Nevertheless, the progress in this field has been difficult in part because of lack of techniques that can measure non-invasively the molecular properties of cells. Such repeated measurements can be used to evaluate the culture conditions during differentiation, cell quality and phenotype heterogeneity of stem cell progeny. Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique based on inelastic scattering of laser photons by molecular vibrations of cellular molecules and can be used to provide chemical fingerprints of cells or organelles without fixation, lysis or use of labels and other contrast enhancing chemicals. Because differentiated cells are specialized to perform specific functions, these cells produce specific biochemicals that can be detected by Raman micro-spectroscopy. This mini-review paper describes applications of Raman micro-scpectroscopy to measure moleculare properties of stem cells during differentiation in-vitro. The paper focuses on time- and spatially-resolved Raman spectral measurements that allow repeated investigation of live stem cells in-vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ghita
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Flavius C Pascut
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Virginie Sottile
- />School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Chris Denning
- />School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Ioan Notingher
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The latest discoveries and advanced knowledge in the fields of stem cell biology and developmental cardiology hold great promise for cardiac regenerative medicine, enabling researchers to design novel therapeutic tools and approaches to regenerate cardiac muscle for diseased hearts. However, progress in this arena has been hampered by a lack of reproducible and convincing evidence, which at best has yielded modest outcomes and is still far from clinical practice. To address current controversies and move cardiac regenerative therapeutics forward, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the key cellular and molecular programs involved in human cardiogenesis and cardiac regeneration. In this review, we consider the fundamental principles that govern the "programming" and "reprogramming" of a human heart cell and discuss updated therapeutic strategies to regenerate a damaged heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Santoro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ikeuchi T, Espulgar W, Shimizu E, Saito M, Lee JK, Dou X, Yamaguchi Y, Tamiya E. Optical microscopy imaging for the diagnosis of the pharmacological reaction of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (mESC-CMs). Analyst 2015; 140:6500-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01144b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative diagnosis of pharmacological chronotropic reactions on mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (mESC-CMs) was successfully performed by utilizing derivative imaging analysis on recorded videos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Applied Physics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Wilfred Espulgar
- Department of Applied Physics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Eiichi Shimizu
- Department of Applied Physics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Masato Saito
- Department of Applied Physics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Jong-Kook Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Xiaoming Dou
- Photonics and Bio-medical Research Institute
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai
| | - Yoshinori Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Physics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Eiichi Tamiya
- Department of Applied Physics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
This review discusses quantitative modeling studies of stem and non-stem cancer cell interactions and the fraction of cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Enderling
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
- Tampa
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cagavi E, Bartulos O, Suh CY, Sun B, Yue Z, Jiang Z, Yue L, Qyang Y. Functional cardiomyocytes derived from Isl1 cardiac progenitors via Bmp4 stimulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110752. [PMID: 25522363 PMCID: PMC4270687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As heart failure due to myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, cell-based cardiac regenerative therapy using cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) could provide a potential treatment for the repair of injured myocardium. As adult CPCs may have limitations regarding tissue accessibility and proliferative ability, CPCs derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) could serve as an unlimited source of cells with high proliferative ability. As one of the CPCs that can be derived from embryonic stem cells, Isl1 expressing cardiac progenitor cells (Isl1-CPCs) may serve as a valuable source of cells for cardiac repair due to their high cardiac differentiation potential and authentic cardiac origin. In order to generate an unlimited number of Isl1-CPCs, we used a previously established an ESC line that allows for isolation of Isl1-CPCs by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression that is directed by the mef2c gene, specifically expressed in the Isl1 domain of the anterior heart field. To improve the efficiency of cardiac differentiation of Isl1-CPCs, we studied the role of Bmp4 in cardiogenesis of Isl1-CPCs. We show an inductive role of Bmp directly on cardiac progenitors and its enhancement on early cardiac differentiation of CPCs. Upon induction of Bmp4 to Isl1-CPCs during differentiation, the cTnT+ cardiomyocyte population was enhanced 2.8±0.4 fold for Bmp4 treated CPC cultures compared to that detected for vehicle treated cultures. Both Bmp4 treated and untreated cardiomyocytes exhibit proper electrophysiological and calcium signaling properties. In addition, we observed a significant increase in Tbx5 and Tbx20 expression in differentiation cultures treated with Bmp4 compared to the untreated control, suggesting a link between Bmp4 and Tbx genes which may contribute to the enhanced cardiac differentiation in Bmp4 treated cultures. Collectively these findings suggest a cardiomyogenic role for Bmp4 directly on a pure population of Isl1 expressing cardiac progenitors, which could lead to enhancement of cardiac differentiation and engraftment, holding a significant therapeutic value for cardiac repair in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Cagavi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oscar Bartulos
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Carol Y. Suh
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Baonan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Zhichao Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Zhengxin Jiang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Regulation of Cardiac Cell Fate by microRNAs: Implications for Heart Regeneration. Cells 2014; 3:996-1026. [PMID: 25358052 PMCID: PMC4276912 DOI: 10.3390/cells3040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that have been shown to be central players in the establishment of cellular programs, often acting as switches that control the choice between proliferation and differentiation during development and in adult tissues. The heart develops from two small patches of cells in the mesoderm, the heart fields, which originate the different cardiac cell types, including cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. These progenitors proliferate and differentiate to establish a highly connected three-dimensional structure, involving a robust succession of gene expression programs strongly influenced by microRNAs. Although the mammalian heart has conventionally been viewed as a post-mitotic organ, cardiac cells have recently been shown to display some regenerative potential, which is nonetheless insufficient to regenerate heart lesions, in contrast with other vertebrates like the zebrafish. Both the proliferation of adult cardiac stem cells and the ability of cardiomyocytes to re-enter the cell cycle have been proposed to sustain these regenerative processes. Here we review the role of microRNAs in the control of stem cell and cardiomyocyte dependent cardiac regeneration processes, and discuss potential applications for the treatment of cardiac injury.
Collapse
|
26
|
Martinez-Fernandez A, Nelson TJ, Reyes S, Alekseev AE, Secreto F, Perez-Terzic C, Beraldi R, Sung HK, Nagy A, Terzic A. iPS cell-derived cardiogenicity is hindered by sustained integration of reprogramming transgenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:667-76. [PMID: 25077947 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear reprogramming inculcates pluripotent capacity by which de novo tissue differentiation is enabled. Yet, introduction of ectopic reprogramming factors may desynchronize natural developmental schedules. This study aims to evaluate the effect of imposed transgene load on the cardiogenic competency of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Targeted inclusion and exclusion of reprogramming transgenes (c-MYC, KLF4, OCT4, and SOX2) was achieved using a drug-inducible and removable cassette according to the piggyBac transposon/transposase system. Pulsed transgene overexpression, before iPS cell differentiation, hindered cardiogenic outcomes. Delayed in counterparts with maintained integrated transgenes, transgene removal enabled proficient differentiation of iPS cells into functional cardiac tissue. Transgene-free iPS cells generated reproducible beating activity with robust expression of cardiac α-actinin, connexin 43, myosin light chain 2a, α/β-myosin heavy chain, and troponin I. Although operational excitation-contraction coupling was demonstrable in the presence or absence of transgenes, factor-free derivatives exhibited an expedited maturing phenotype with canonical responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation. CONCLUSIONS A disproportionate stemness load, caused by integrated transgenes, affects the cardiogenic competency of iPS cells. Offload of transgenes in engineered iPS cells ensures integrity of cardiac developmental programs, underscoring the value of nonintegrative nuclear reprogramming for derivation of competent cardiogenic regenerative biologics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Martinez-Fernandez
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Santiago Reyes
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Alexey E Alekseev
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Frank Secreto
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Carmen Perez-Terzic
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Rosanna Beraldi
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Andras Nagy
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Andre Terzic
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.).
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang LX, DeNicola M, Qin X, Du J, Ma J, Tina Zhao Y, Zhuang S, Liu PY, Wei L, Qin G, Tang Y, Zhao TC. Specific inhibition of HDAC4 in cardiac progenitor cells enhances myocardial repairs. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C358-72. [PMID: 24944198 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00187.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that in vivo inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) stimulates endogenous myocardial regeneration in infarcted hearts (Zhang L et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 341: 285-293, 2012). Furthermore, our observation demonstrates that HDAC inhibition promotes cardiogenesis, which is associated with HDAC4 reduction. However, it remains unknown as to whether specific inhibition of HDAC4 modulates cardiac stem cells (CSCs) to facilitate myocardial repair and to preserve cardiac performance. c-kit(+) CSCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts and were transfected with HDAC4 siRNA to knockdown HDAC4 of c-kit(+) CSCs. The transfection of HDAC4 siRNA caused a marked reduction of HDAC4 mRNA and proteins in c-kit(+) CSCs. Mouse myocardial infarction (MI) was created to assess the effect of HDAC4 inhibition in c-kit(+) CSCs on myocardial regeneration in vivo when cells were introduced into MI hearts. Transplantation of HDAC4 siRNA-treated c-kit(+) CSCs into MI hearts improved ventricular function, attenuated ventricular remodeling, and promoted CSC-derived regeneration and neovascularization. Furthermore, Ki67 and BrdU positively proliferative myocytes increased in MI hearts receiving HDAC4 siRNA-treated c-kit(+) CSCs compared with MI hearts engrafted with control siRNA-treated c-kit(+) CSCs. In addition, compared with MI hearts engrafted with control adenoviral GFP-infected c-kit(+) CSCs, MI hearts receiving adenoviral HDAC4-infected c-kit(+) CSCs exhibited attenuated cardiac functional recovery, CSC-derived regeneration, and neovascularization, which was accompanied with adverse ventricular remodeling and decrease in Ki67 and BrdU positively proliferative myocytes. HDAC4 inhibition facilitated c-kit(+) CSCs into the differentiation into cardiac lineage commitments in vitro, while HDAC4 overexpression attenuated c-kit(+) CSC-derived cardiogenesis. Our results indicate that HDAC4 inhibition promotes CSC-derived cardiac regeneration and improves the restoration of cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Megan DeNicola
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Xin Qin
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jianfeng Du
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Julio Ma
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yu Tina Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Paul Y Liu
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hansen A, Mjoseng HK, Zhang R, Kalloudis M, Koutsos V, de Sousa PA, Bradley M. High-density polymer microarrays: identifying synthetic polymers that control human embryonic stem cell growth. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:848-53. [PMID: 24353271 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of high-density polymer microarray is described, allowing the simultaneous and efficient evaluation of more than 7000 different polymers in a single-cellular-based screen. These high-density polymer arrays are applied in the search for synthetic substrates for hESCs culture. Up-scaling of the identified hit polymers enables long-term cellular cultivation and promoted successful stem-cell maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hansen
- School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings; West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3JJ UK
| | - Heidi K. Mjoseng
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine; SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter; 5 Little France Drive Edinburgh EH16 4UU UK
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Jiangsu Province 213164 China
| | - Michail Kalloudis
- School of Engineering; University of Edinburgh; King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3JL UK
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- School of Engineering; University of Edinburgh; King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3JL UK
| | - Paul A. de Sousa
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine; SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter; 5 Little France Drive Edinburgh EH16 4UU UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings; West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3JJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
MacRae CA, Vasan RS. Clinically relevant functional annotation of genotype. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2014; 7:2-3. [PMID: 24550428 PMCID: PMC4188549 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The mammalian heart is a highly specialized organ, comprised of many different cell types arising from distinct embryonic progenitor populations during cardiogenesis. Three precursor populations have been identified to contribute to different myocytic and nonmyocytic cell lineages of the heart: cardiogenic mesoderm cells (CMC), the proepicardium (PE), and cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs). This review will focus on molecular cues necessary for proper induction, expansion, and lineage-specific differentiation of these progenitor populations during cardiac development in vivo. Moreover, we will briefly discuss how the knowledge gained on embryonic heart progenitor biology can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies for the management of congenital heart disease as well as for improvement of cardiac function in ischemic heart disease.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zanella F, Lyon RC, Sheikh F. Modeling heart disease in a dish: from somatic cells to disease-relevant cardiomyocytes. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 24:32-44. [PMID: 24054750 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A scientific milestone that has tremendously impacted the cardiac research field has been the discovery and establishment of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Key to this discovery has been uncovering a viable path in generating human patient and disease-specific cardiac cells to dynamically model and study human cardiac diseases in an in vitro setting. Recent studies have demonstrated that hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes can be used to model and recapitulate various known disease features in hearts of patient donors harboring genetic-based cardiac diseases. Experimental drugs have also been tested in this setting and shown to alleviate disease phenotypes in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, further paving the way for therapeutic interventions for cardiac disease. Here, we review state-of-the-art methods to generate high-quality hiPSC and differentiate them towards cardiomyocytes as well as the full range of genetic-based cardiac diseases, which have been modeled using hiPSC. We also provide future perspectives on exploiting the potential of hiPSC to compliment existing studies and gain new insights into the mechanisms underlying cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Zanella
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert C Lyon
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li S, Chen G, Li RA. Calcium signalling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Physiol 2013; 591:5279-90. [PMID: 24018947 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.256495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs), which lack the innate ability to regenerate, due to ageing or pathophysiological conditions (e.g. myocardial infarction or MI) is generally considered irreversible, and can lead to conditions from cardiac arrhythmias to heart failure. Human (h) pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), can self-renew while maintaining their pluripotency to differentiate into all cell types, including CMs. Therefore, hPSCs provide a potential unlimited ex vivo source of human CMs for disease modelling, drug discovery, cardiotoxicity screening and cell-based heart therapies. As a fundamental property of working CMs, Ca(2+) signalling and its role in excitation-contraction coupling are well described. However, the biology of these processes in hPSC-CMs is just becoming understood. Here we review what is known about the immature Ca(2+)-handling properties of hPSC-CMs, at the levels of global transients and sparks, and the underlying molecular basis in relation to the development of various in vitro approaches to drive their maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- R. A. Li: 5/F Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cota CD, Segade F, Davidson B. Heart genetics in a small package, exploiting the condensed genome of Ciona intestinalis. Brief Funct Genomics 2013; 13:3-14. [PMID: 24005910 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elt034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the initial establishment of cardiogenic cell fate are likely to contribute to pervasive human congenital cardiac abnormalities. However, the molecular underpinnings of nascent cardiac fate induction have proven difficult to decipher. In this review we explore the participation of extracellular, cellular and nuclear factors in comprehensive specification networks. At each level, we elaborate on insights gained through the study of cardiogenesis in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis and propose productive lines of future research. In-depth discussion of pre-cardiac induction is intended to serve as a paradigm, illustrating the potential use of Ciona to elucidate comprehensive networks underlying additional aspects of chordate cardiogenesis, including directed migration and subspecification of cardiac and pharyngeal lineages.
Collapse
|
34
|
Non-invasive label-free monitoring the cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in-vitro by Raman spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3517-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
35
|
Rana MS, Christoffels VM, Moorman AFM. A molecular and genetic outline of cardiac morphogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:588-615. [PMID: 23297764 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in cardiac development result in congenital heart disease, the leading cause of birth defect-related infant morbidity and mortality. Advances in cardiac developmental biology have significantly augmented our understanding of signalling pathways and transcriptional networks underlying heart formation. Cardiogenesis is initiated with the formation of mesodermal multipotent cardiac progenitor cells and is governed by cross-talk between developmental cues emanating from endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal cells. The molecular and transcriptional machineries that direct the specification and differentiation of these cardiac precursors are part of an evolutionarily conserved programme that includes the Nkx-, Gata-, Hand-, T-box- and Mef2 family of transcription factors. Unravelling the hierarchical networks governing the fate and differentiation of cardiac precursors is crucial for our understanding of congenital heart disease and future stem cell-based and gene therapies. Recent molecular and genetic lineage analyses have revealed that subpopulations of cardiac progenitor cells follow distinctive specification and differentiation paths, which determine their final contribution to the heart. In the last decade, progenitor cells that contribute to the arterial pole and right ventricle have received much attention, as abnormal development of these cells frequently results in congenital defects of the aortic and pulmonary outlets, representing the most commonly occurring congenital cardiac defects. In this review, we provide an overview of the building plan of the vertebrate four-chambered heart, with a special focus on cardiac progenitor cell specification, differentiation and deployment during arterial pole development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Rana
- Heart Failure Research Center; Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; the Netherlands
| | - V. M. Christoffels
- Heart Failure Research Center; Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; the Netherlands
| | - A. F. M. Moorman
- Heart Failure Research Center; Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The heart holds the monumental yet monotonous task of maintaining circulation. Although cardiac function is critical to other organs and to life itself, mammals are not equipped with significant natural capacity to replace heart muscle that has been lost by injury. This deficiency plays a role in leaving millions worldwide vulnerable to heart failure each year. By contrast, certain other vertebrate species such as zebrafish are strikingly good at heart regeneration. A cellular and molecular understanding of endogenous regenerative mechanisms and advances in methodology to transplant cells together project a future in which cardiac muscle regeneration can be therapeutically stimulated in injured human hearts. This review focuses on what has been discovered recently about cardiac regenerative capacity and how natural mechanisms of heart regeneration in model systems are stimulated and maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazu Kikuchi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Organogenesis of the vertebrate heart. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 2:17-29. [DOI: 10.1002/wdev.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
38
|
Woznica A, Haeussler M, Starobinska E, Jemmett J, Li Y, Mount D, Davidson B. Initial deployment of the cardiogenic gene regulatory network in the basal chordate, Ciona intestinalis. Dev Biol 2012; 368:127-39. [PMID: 22595514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The complex, partially redundant gene regulatory architecture underlying vertebrate heart formation has been difficult to characterize. Here, we dissect the primary cardiac gene regulatory network in the invertebrate chordate, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona heart progenitor lineage is first specified by Fibroblast Growth Factor/Map Kinase (FGF/MapK) activation of the transcription factor Ets1/2 (Ets). Through microarray analysis of sorted heart progenitor cells, we identified the complete set of primary genes upregulated by FGF/Ets shortly after heart progenitor emergence. Combinatorial sequence analysis of these co-regulated genes generated a hypothetical regulatory code consisting of Ets binding sites associated with a specific co-motif, ATTA. Through extensive reporter analysis, we confirmed the functional importance of the ATTA co-motif in primary heart progenitor gene regulation. We then used the Ets/ATTA combination motif to successfully predict a number of additional heart progenitor gene regulatory elements, including an intronic element driving expression of the core conserved cardiac transcription factor, GATAa. This work significantly advances our understanding of the Ciona heart gene network. Furthermore, this work has begun to elucidate the precise regulatory architecture underlying the conserved, primary role of FGF/Ets in chordate heart lineage specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Woznica
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Arizona 85724, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang ZP, Young Seok H, Zhou B, Chen J, Chen JF, Tao Y, Pu WT, Wang DZ. CIP, a cardiac Isl1-interacting protein, represses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Circ Res 2012; 110:818-30. [PMID: 22343712 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.259663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mammalian heart has minimal regenerative capacity. In response to mechanical or pathological stress, the heart undergoes cardiac remodeling. Pressure and volume overload in the heart cause increased size (hypertrophic growth) of cardiomyocytes. Whereas the regulatory pathways that activate cardiac hypertrophy have been well-established, the molecular events that inhibit or repress cardiac hypertrophy are less known. OBJECTIVE To identify and investigate novel regulators that modulate cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we report the identification, characterization, and functional examination of a novel cardiac Isl1-interacting protein (CIP). CIP was identified from a bioinformatic search for novel cardiac-expressed genes in mouse embryonic hearts. CIP encodes a nuclear protein without recognizable motifs. Northern blotting, in situ hybridization, and reporter gene tracing demonstrated that CIP is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes of developing and adult hearts. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified Isl1, a LIM/homeodomain transcription factor essential for the specification of cardiac progenitor cells in the second heart field, as a cofactor of CIP. CIP directly interacted with Isl1, and we mapped the domains of these two proteins, which mediate their interaction. We show that CIP represses the transcriptional activity of Isl1 in the activation of the myocyte enhancer factor 2C. The expression of CIP was dramatically reduced in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Most importantly, overexpression of CIP repressed agonist-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Our studies therefore identify CIP as a novel regulator of cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ferreira-Martins J, Ogórek B, Cappetta D, Matsuda A, Signore S, D'Amario D, Kostyla J, Steadman E, Ide-Iwata N, Sanada F, Iaffaldano G, Ottolenghi S, Hosoda T, Leri A, Kajstura J, Anversa P, Rota M. Cardiomyogenesis in the developing heart is regulated by c-kit-positive cardiac stem cells. Circ Res 2012; 110:701-15. [PMID: 22275487 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.259507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Embryonic and fetal myocardial growth is characterized by a dramatic increase in myocyte number, but whether the expansion of the myocyte compartment is dictated by activation and commitment of resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs), division of immature myocytes or both is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE In this study, we tested whether prenatal cardiac development is controlled by activation and differentiation of CSCs and whether division of c-kit-positive CSCs in the mouse heart is triggered by spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations. METHODS AND RESULTS We report that embryonic-fetal c-kit-positive CSCs are self-renewing, clonogenic and multipotent in vitro and in vivo. The growth and commitment of c-kit-positive CSCs is responsible for the generation of the myocyte progeny of the developing heart. The close correspondence between values computed by mathematical modeling and direct measurements of myocyte number at E9, E14, E19 and 1 day after birth strongly suggests that the organogenesis of the embryonic heart is dependent on a hierarchical model of cell differentiation regulated by resident CSCs. The growth promoting effects of c-kit-positive CSCs are triggered by spontaneous oscillations in intracellular Ca(2+), mediated by IP3 receptor activation, which condition asymmetrical stem cell division and myocyte lineage specification. CONCLUSIONS Myocyte formation derived from CSC differentiation is the major determinant of cardiac growth during development. Division of c-kit-positive CSCs in the mouse is promoted by spontaneous Ca(2+) spikes, which dictate the pattern of stem cell replication and the generation of a myocyte progeny at all phases of prenatal life and up to one day after birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Ferreira-Martins
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Nabel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Taubenschmid J, Weitzer G. Mechanisms of cardiogenesis in cardiovascular progenitor cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 293:195-267. [PMID: 22251563 PMCID: PMC7615846 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394304-0.00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewing cells of the vertebrate heart have become a major subject of interest in the past decade. However, many researchers had a hard time to argue against the orthodox textbook view that defines the heart as a postmitotic organ. Once the scientific community agreed on the existence of self-renewing cells in the vertebrate heart, their origin was again put on trial when transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming could no longer be excluded as potential sources of self-renewal in the adult organ. Additionally, the presence of self-renewing pluripotent cells in the peripheral blood challenges the concept of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells. Leaving these unsolved problems aside, it seems very desirable to learn about the basic biology of this unique cell type. Thus, we shall here paint a picture of cardiovascular progenitor cells including the current knowledge about their origin, basic nature, and the molecular mechanisms guiding proliferation and differentiation into somatic cells of the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Taubenschmid
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Ten years ago, a population of cardiac progenitor cells was identified in pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to a major part of the amniote heart. These multipotent progenitor cells, termed the second heart field (SHF), contribute progressively to the poles of the elongating heart tube during looping morphogenesis, giving rise to myocardium, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Research into the mechanisms of SHF development has contributed significantly to our understanding of the properties of cardiac progenitor cells and the origins of congenital heart defects. Here recent data concerning the regulation, clinically relevant subpopulations, evolution and lineage relationships of the SHF are reviewed. Proliferation and differentiation of SHF cells are controlled by multiple intercellular signaling pathways and a transcriptional regulatory network that is beginning to be elucidated. Perturbation of SHF development results in common forms of congenital heart defects and particular progenitor cell subpopulations are highly relevant clinically, including cells giving rise to myocardium at the base of the pulmonary trunk and the interatrial septum. A SHF has recently been identified in amphibian, fish, and agnathan embryos, highlighting the important contribution of these cells to the evolution of the vertebrate heart. Finally, SHF-derived parts of the heart share a lineage relationship with craniofacial skeletal muscles revealing that these progenitor cells belong to a broad cardiocraniofacial field of pharyngeal mesoderm. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the dynamic process of SHF deployment is likely to yield further insights into cardiac development and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Kelly
- Developmental Biology Institute of Marseilles-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, Marseilles, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sirish P, López JE, Li N, Wong A, Timofeyev V, Young JN, Majdi M, Li RA, Chen HSV, Chiamvimonvat N. MicroRNA profiling predicts a variance in the proliferative potential of cardiac progenitor cells derived from neonatal and adult murine hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:264-72. [PMID: 22062954 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are multipotent cells that may offer tremendous potentials for the regeneration of injured myocardium. To expand the limited number of CPCs for effective clinical regeneration of myocardium, it is important to understand their proliferative potentials. Single-cell based assays were utilized to purify c-kit(pos) CPCs from human and mouse hearts. MicroRNA profiling identified eight differentially expressed microRNAs in CPCs from neonatal and adult hearts. Notably, the predicted protein targets were predominantly involved in cellular proliferation-related pathways. To directly test this phenotypic prediction, the developmental variance in the proliferation of CPCs was tested. Ki67 protein expression and DNA kinetics were tested in human and mouse in vivo CPCs, and doubling times were tested in primary culture of mouse CPCs. The human embryonic and mouse neonatal CPCs showed a six-fold increase in Ki67 expressing cells, a two-fold increase in the number of cells in S/G2-M phases of cell cycle, and a seven-fold increase in the doubling time in culture when compared to the corresponding adult CPCs. The over-expression of miR-17-92 increased the proliferation in adult CPCs in vivo by two-fold. In addition, the level of retinoblastoma-like 2 (Rbl2/p130) protein was two-fold higher in adult compared to neonatal-mouse CPCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate a differentially regulated cohort of microRNAs that predicts differences in cellular proliferation in CPCs during postnatal development and target microRNAs that are involved in this transition. Our study provides new insights that may enhance the utilization of adult CPCs for regenerative therapy of the injured myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sirish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Boheler KR, Joodi RN, Qiao H, Juhasz O, Urick AL, Chuppa SL, Gundry RL, Wersto RP, Zhou R. Embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte heterogeneity and the isolation of immature and committed cells for cardiac remodeling and regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:214203. [PMID: 21912557 PMCID: PMC3168772 DOI: 10.4061/2011/214203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells represent one promising source for cell replacement therapy in heart, but differentiating embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESC-CMs) are highly heterogeneous and show a variety of maturation states. In this study, we employed an ESC clonal line that contains a cardiac-restricted ncx1 promoter-driven puromycin resistance cassette together with a mass culture system to isolate ESC-CMs that display traits characteristic of very immature CMs. The cells display properties of proliferation, CM-restricted markers, reduced mitochondrial mass, and hypoxia-resistance. Following transplantation into rodent hearts, bioluminescence imaging revealed that immature cells, but not more mature CMs, survived for at least one month following injection. These data and comparisons with more mature cells lead us to conclude that immature hypoxia resistant ESC-CMs can be isolated in mass in vitro and, following injection into heart, form grafts that may mediate long-term recovery of global and regional myocardial contractile function following infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Boheler
- Molecular Cardiology and Stem Cell Unit, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Szebényi K, Erdei Z, Péntek A, Sebe A, Orbán TI, Sarkadi B, Apáti Á. Human pluripotent stem cells in pharmacological and toxicological screening: new perspectives for personalized medicine. Per Med 2011; 8:347-364. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human stem cells provide an important novel tool for generating in vitro pharmacological and toxicological test systems. In the development of new targeted therapies, as well as in critical safety issues, including hepato-, neuro- and cardio-toxicity, animal-based tests are mostly unsatisfactory, whereas the use of in vitro model systems is limited by the unavailability of relevant human tissues. Human embryonic stem cell lines may fill this gap and offer an advantage over primary cultures as well as tissue-derived (adult) stem cells. Human embryonic stem cells represent an unlimited source for the production of differentiated somatic progenies and allow various stable genetic manipulations. As a new opening in personalized medicine test systems, the generation of induced pluripotent stem cell lines and their derivatives can provide patient- and disease-specific cellular assays for drug development and safety assessments. This article reviews promising human stem cell applications in pharmacological and toxicological screenings, focusing on the implications for personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Szebényi
- Membrane Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences & National Blood Center, 1113 Budapest, Diószegi u. 64, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Erdei
- Membrane Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences & National Blood Center, 1113 Budapest, Diószegi u. 64, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Péntek
- Membrane Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences & National Blood Center, 1113 Budapest, Diószegi u. 64, Hungary
| | - Attila Sebe
- Membrane Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences & National Blood Center, 1113 Budapest, Diószegi u. 64, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical & Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás I Orbán
- Membrane Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences & National Blood Center, 1113 Budapest, Diószegi u. 64, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Membrane Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences & National Blood Center, 1113 Budapest, Diószegi u. 64, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sperling SR. Systems biology approaches to heart development and congenital heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 91:269-78. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|