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Tong X, Wang S, Cheng Q, Fan Y, Fang X, Wei W, Li J, Liu Y, Liu L. Effect of fully automatic classification model from different tube voltage images on bone density screening: A self-controlled study. Eur J Radiol 2024; 177:111521. [PMID: 38850722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop two bone status prediction models combining deep learning and radiomics based on standard-dose chest computed tomography (SDCT) and low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT), and to evaluate the effect of tube voltage on reproducibility of radiomics features and predictive efficacy of these models. METHODS A total of 1508 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. LDCT was conducted using 80 kVp, tube current ranging from 100 to 475 mA. On the other hand, SDCT was performed using 120 kVp, tube current ranging from 100 to 520 mA. We developed an automatic thoracic vertebral cancellous bone (TVCB) segmentation model. Subsequently, 1184 features were extracted and two classifiers were developed based on LDCT and SDCT images. Based on the diagnostic results of quantitative computed tomography examination, the first-level classifier was initially developed to distinguish normal or abnormal BMD (including osteoporosis and osteopenia), while the second-level classifier was employed to identify osteoporosis or osteopenia. The Dice coefficient was used to evaluate the performance of the automated segmentation model. The Concordance Correlation Coefficients (CCC) of radiomics features were calculated between LDCT and SDCT, and the performance of these models was evaluated. RESULTS Our automated segmentation model achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.98 ± 0.01 and 0.97 ± 0.02 in LDCT and SDCT, respectively. Alterations in tube voltage decreased the reproducibility of the extracted radiomic features, with 85.05 % of the radiomic features exhibiting low reproducibility (CCC < 0.75). The area under the curve (AUC) using LDCT-based and SDCT-based models was 0.97 ± 0.01 and 0.94 ± 0.02, respectively. Nonetheless, cross-validation with independent test sets of different tube voltage scans suggests that variations in tube voltage can impair the diagnostic efficacy of the model. Consequently, radiomics models are not universally applicable to images of varying tube voltages. In clinical settings, ensuring consistency between the tube voltage of the image used for model development and that of the acquired patient image is critical. CONCLUSIONS Automatic bone status prediction models, utilizing either LDCT or SDCT images, enable accurate assessment of bone status. Tube voltage impacts reproducibility of features and predictive efficacy of models. It is necessary to account for tube voltage variation during the image acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tong
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shigeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiye Cheng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Savage N. AI's keen diagnostic eye. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01132-2. [PMID: 38637706 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
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Ahmad N, Dahlberg H, Jönsson H, Tarai S, Guggilla RK, Strand R, Lundström E, Bergström G, Ahlström H, Kullberg J. Voxel-wise body composition analysis using image registration of a three-slice CT imaging protocol: methodology and proof-of-concept studies. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:42. [PMID: 38614974 PMCID: PMC11015680 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging modality commonly used for studies of internal body structures and very useful for detailed studies of body composition. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a fully automatic image registration framework for inter-subject CT slice registration. The aim was also to use the results, in a set of proof-of-concept studies, for voxel-wise statistical body composition analysis (Imiomics) of correlations between imaging and non-imaging data. METHODS The current study utilized three single-slice CT images of the liver, abdomen, and thigh from two large cohort studies, SCAPIS and IGT. The image registration method developed and evaluated used both CT images together with image-derived tissue and organ segmentation masks. To evaluate the performance of the registration method, a set of baseline 3-single-slice CT images (from 2780 subjects including 8285 slices) from the SCAPIS and IGT cohorts were registered. Vector magnitude and intensity magnitude error indicating inverse consistency were used for evaluation. Image registration results were further used for voxel-wise analysis of associations between the CT images (as represented by tissue volume from Hounsfield unit and Jacobian determinant) and various explicit measurements of various tissues, fat depots, and organs collected in both cohort studies. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that the key organs and anatomical structures were registered appropriately. The evaluation parameters of inverse consistency, such as vector magnitude and intensity magnitude error, were on average less than 3 mm and 50 Hounsfield units. The registration followed by Imiomics analysis enabled the examination of associations between various explicit measurements (liver, spleen, abdominal muscle, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), thigh SAT, intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and thigh muscle) and the voxel-wise image information. CONCLUSION The developed and evaluated framework allows accurate image registrations of the collected three single-slice CT images and enables detailed voxel-wise studies of associations between body composition and associated diseases and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouman Ahmad
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hugo Dahlberg
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Jönsson
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sambit Tarai
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Robin Strand
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Lundström
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
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Krishnan AR, Xu K, Li TZ, Remedios LW, Sandler KL, Maldonado F, Landman BA. Lung CT harmonization of paired reconstruction kernel images using generative adversarial networks. Med Phys 2024. [PMID: 38530135 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kernel used in CT image reconstruction is an important factor that determines the texture of the CT image. Consistency of reconstruction kernel choice is important for quantitative CT-based assessment as kernel differences can lead to substantial shifts in measurements unrelated to underlying anatomical structures. PURPOSE In this study, we investigate kernel harmonization in a multi-vendor low-dose CT lung cancer screening cohort and evaluate our approach's validity in quantitative CT-based assessments. METHODS Using the National Lung Screening Trial, we identified CT scan pairs of the same sessions with one reconstructed from a soft tissue kernel and one from a hard kernel. In total, 1000 pairs of five different paired kernel types (200 each) were identified. We adopt the pix2pix architecture to train models for kernel conversion. Each model was trained on 100 pairs and evaluated on 100 withheld pairs. A total of 10 models were implemented. We evaluated the efficacy of kernel conversion based on image similarity metrics including root mean squared error (RMSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) as well as the capability of the models to reduce measurement shifts in quantitative emphysema and body composition measurements. Additionally, we study the reproducibility of standard radiomic features for all kernel pairs before and after harmonization. RESULTS Our approach effectively converts CT images from one kernel to another in all paired kernel types, as indicated by the reduction in RMSE (p < 0.05) and an increase in the PSNR (p < 0.05) and SSIM (p < 0.05) for both directions of conversion for all pair types. In addition, there is an increase in the agreement for percent emphysema, skeletal muscle area, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area for both directions of conversion. Furthermore, radiomic features were reproducible when compared with the ground truth features. CONCLUSIONS Kernel conversion using deep learning reduces measurement variation in percent emphysema, muscle area, and SAT area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind R Krishnan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kaiwen Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas Z Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lucas W Remedios
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kim L Sandler
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fabien Maldonado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Xu K, Li TZ, Terry JG, Krishnan AR, Deppen SA, Huo Y, Maldonado F, Carr JJ, Landman BA, Sandler KL. Age-related Muscle Fat Infiltration in Lung Screening Participants: Impact of Smoking Cessation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.05.23299258. [PMID: 38106099 PMCID: PMC10723505 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.23299258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Skeletal muscle fat infiltration progresses with aging and is worsened among individuals with a history of cigarette smoking. Many negative impacts of smoking on muscles are likely reversible with smoking cessation. Objectives To determine if the progression of skeletal muscle fat infiltration with aging is altered by smoking cessation among lung cancer screening participants. Methods This was a secondary analysis based on the National Lung Screening Trial. Skeletal muscle attenuation in Hounsfield unit (HU) was derived from the baseline and follow-up low-dose CT scans using a previously validated artificial intelligence algorithm. Lower attenuation indicates greater fatty infiltration. Linear mixed-effects models were constructed to evaluate the associations between smoking status and the muscle attenuation trajectory. Measurements and Main Results Of 19,019 included participants (age: 61 years, 5 [SD]; 11,290 males), 8,971 (47.2%) were actively smoking cigarettes. Accounting for body mass index, pack-years, percent emphysema, and other confounding factors, actively smoking predicted a lower attenuation in both males (β0 =-0.88 HU, P<.001) and females (β0 =-0.69 HU, P<.001), and an accelerated muscle attenuation decline-rate in males (β1=-0.08 HU/y, P<.05). Age-stratified analyses indicated that the accelerated muscle attenuation decline associated with smoking likely occurred at younger age, especially in females. Conclusions Among lung cancer screening participants, active cigarette smoking was associated with greater skeletal muscle fat infiltration in both males and females, and accelerated muscle adipose accumulation rate in males. These findings support the important role of smoking cessation in preserving muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas Z. Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James G. Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aravind R. Krishnan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephen A. Deppen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuankai Huo
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Fabien Maldonado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - J. Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bennett A. Landman
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kim L. Sandler
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Zhang S, Liu X, Zhou L, Wang K, Shao J, Shi J, Wang X, Mu J, Gao T, Jiang Z, Chen K, Wang C, Wang G. Intelligent prognosis evaluation system for stage I-III resected non-small-cell lung cancer patients on CT images: a multi-center study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 65:102270. [PMID: 38106558 PMCID: PMC10725055 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prognosis is crucial for personalized treatment and surveillance suggestion of the resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in stage I-III. Although the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system is a powerful predictor, it is not perfect enough to accurately distinguish all the patients, especially within the same TNM stage. In this study, we developed an intelligent prognosis evaluation system (IPES) using pre-therapy CT images to assist the traditional TNM staging system for more accurate prognosis prediction of resected NSCLC patients. Methods 20,333 CT images of 6371 patients from June 12, 2009 to March 24, 2022 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Peking University People's Hospital, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital and Guangan Peoples' Hospital were included in this retrospective study. We developed the IPES based on self-supervised pre-training and multi-task learning, which aimed to predict an overall survival (OS) risk for each patient. We further evaluated the prognostic accuracy of the IPES and its ability to stratify NSCLC patients with the same TNM stage and with the same EGFR genotype. Findings The IPES was able to predict OS risk for stage I-III resected NSCLC patients in the training set (C-index 0.806; 95% CI: 0.744-0.846), internal validation set (0.783; 95% CI: 0.744-0.825) and external validation set (0.817; 95% CI: 0.786-0.849). In addition, IPES performed well in early-stage (stage I) and EGFR genotype prediction. Furthermore, by adopting IPES-based survival score (IPES-score), resected NSCLC patients in the same stage or with the same EGFR genotype could be divided into low- and high-risk subgroups with good and poor prognosis, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). Interpretation The IPES provided a non-invasive way to obtain prognosis-related information from patients. The identification of IPES for resected NSCLC patients with low and high prognostic risk in the same TNM stage or with the same EGFR genotype suggests that IPES have potential to offer more personalized treatment and surveillance suggestion for NSCLC patients. Funding This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 62272055, 92259303, 92059203), New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE, Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2021QNRC001), Clinical Medicine Plus X - Young Scholars Project, Peking University, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (K.C.), Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU002), BUPT Excellent Ph.D. Students Foundation (CX2022104).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Thoracic Oncology Institute and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Future Technology, Peking University and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Thoracic Oncology Institute and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jiaxing Mu
- Thoracic Oncology Institute and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Tianrun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Zeyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Kezhong Chen
- Thoracic Oncology Institute and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
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