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de la Encarnación C, Jimenez de Aberasturi D, Liz-Marzán LM. Multifunctional plasmonic-magnetic nanoparticles for bioimaging and hyperthermia. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114484. [PMID: 35944586 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multicompartment nanoparticles have raised great interest for different biomedical applications, thanks to the combined properties of different materials within a single entity. These hybrid systems have opened new avenues toward diagnosis and combination therapies, thus becoming preferred theranostic agents. When hybrid nanoparticles comprise magnetic and plasmonic components, both magnetic and optical properties can be achieved, which are potentially useful for multimodal bioimaging, hyperthermal therapies and magnetically driven selective delivery. Nanostructures comprising iron oxide and gold are usually selected for biomedical applications, as they display size-dependent properties, biocompatibility, and unique physical and chemical characteristics that can be tuned through highly precise synthetic protocols. We provide herein an overview of the most recent synthetic protocols to prepare magnetic-plasmonic nanostructures made of iron oxide and gold, to then highlight the progress made on multifunctional magnetic-plasmonic bioimaging and heating-based therapies. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the various systems in these directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de la Encarnación
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
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Park H, Yi M, Lee JS. Silicon photomultiplier signal readout and multiplexing techniques for positron emission tomography: a review. Biomed Eng Lett 2022; 12:263-283. [PMID: 35892029 PMCID: PMC9308856 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-022-00234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is replacing the photomultiplier tube (PMT) in positron emission tomography (PET) systems due to its superior properties, such as fast single-photon timing response, small gap between adjacent photosensitive pixels in the array, and insensitivity to magnetic fields. One of the technical challenges when developing SiPM-based PET systems or other position-sensitive radiation detectors is the large number of output channels coming from the SiPM array. Therefore, various signal multiplexing methods have been proposed to reduce the number of output channels and the load on the subsequent data acquisition (DAQ) system. However, the large PN-junction capacitance and quenching resistance of the SiPM yield undesirable resistance–capacitance delay when multiple SiPMs are combined, which subsequently causes the accumulation of dark counts and signal fluctuation of SiPMs. Therefore, without proper SiPM signal handling and processing, the SiPMs may yield worse timing characteristics than the PMTs. This article reviews the evolution of signal readout and multiplexing methods for the SiPM. In this review, we focus primarily on analog electronics for SiPM signal multiplexing, which allows for the reduction of DAQ channels required for the SiPM-based position-sensitive detectors used in PET and other radiation detector systems. Although the applications of most technologies described in the article are not limited to PET systems, the review highlights efforts to improve the physical performance (e.g. spatial, energy, and timing resolutions) of PET detectors and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haewook Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Minseok Yi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University College of Engineering, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Engineering, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University College of Engineering, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Engineering, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
- Brightonix Imaging Inc, Seoul, 04782 South Korea
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The dynamics and prognostic value of FDG PET-metrics in weekly monitoring of (chemo)radiotherapy for NSCLC. Radiother Oncol 2021; 160:107-114. [PMID: 33872642 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test if the relative change in FDG-PET SUVmax over the course of treatment was associated with disease progression and overall survival. Additionally, the prognostic values of other first-order PET-metric changes were investigated. METHODS The study included 38 patients with stage II-III NSCLC, who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Patients received two pre-treatment FDG-PET scans and four during-treatment scans at weekly intervals. SUVmax was normalized to the start of treatment and analyzed using linear regression. Linear regression coefficients of other first order PET-metrics were grouped according to dissimilarity. Associations to patient outcome were analyzed using Cox hazard ratio. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients satisfied the criteria for analysis. All PET-metrics demonstrated a strong linear correlation with time during treatment [median R-range: -0.87: -0.97]. No strong associations (p > 0.10) were found for the relative slope of SUVmax to patient outcomes. Other first-order metrics did correlate with outcome but the single imaging time-point maximizing the association of PET response with outcome varied per PET metric and outcome parameter. CONCLUSION All investigated FDG PET metrics linearly decreased during treatment. Relative change in SUVmax was not associated to patient outcome while several other first order PET-metrics were related to patient outcome. A single optimal imaging time-point could not be identified.
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Covington MF, Schwarz SW, Hoffman JM. The Regulatory Process for Imaging Agents and Devices. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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5
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Lai J, Zhao Y, Lu D, Bao R, Feng X, Zhang T, Liu Z. Noninvasive PET tracking of post-transplant gut microbiota in living mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:991-1002. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Yim MS, Son EJ, Kim HN, Ryu EK. A TAT-conjugated peptide inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1 for in vivo tumor imaging. J Anal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-019-0187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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7
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He X, Luo Q, Zhang J, Chen P, Wang HJ, Luo K, Yu XQ. Gadolinium-doped carbon dots as nano-theranostic agents for MR/FL diagnosis and gene delivery. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12973-12982. [PMID: 31263818 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03988k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multi-functional carbon dots with MR/FL dual-imaging and gene delivery abilities were constructed for in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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8
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Chen H, Gu Z, An H, Chen C, Chen J, Cui R, Chen S, Chen W, Chen X, Chen X, Chen Z, Ding B, Dong Q, Fan Q, Fu T, Hou D, Jiang Q, Ke H, Jiang X, Liu G, Li S, Li T, Liu Z, Nie G, Ovais M, Pang D, Qiu N, Shen Y, Tian H, Wang C, Wang H, Wang Z, Xu H, Xu JF, Yang X, Zhu S, Zheng X, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Tan W, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Precise nanomedicine for intelligent therapy of cancer. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Elshafey R, Daabes N, Galal S. FDG-PET/CT in re-staging of patients with non Hodgkin lymphoma and monitory response to therapy in Egypt. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Perrin DM. Organotrifluoroborates as prosthetic groups for Single-Step F18-Labeling of Complex Molecules. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Zhang C, Yu X, Gao L, Zhao Y, Lai J, Lu D, Bao R, Jia B, Zhong L, Wang F, Liu Z. Noninvasive Imaging of CD206-Positive M2 Macrophages as an Early Biomarker for Post-Chemotherapy Tumor Relapse and Lymph Node Metastasis. Theranostics 2017; 7:4276-4288. [PMID: 29158825 PMCID: PMC5695012 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor relapse after initial regression post-chemotherapy is a major challenge in cancer treatment, as it usually leads to local-regional recurrence or inoperable distant metastasis. M2 macrophages diminish the tumor-inhibitory effect of chemotherapy and correlate with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated whether molecular imaging of M2 macrophages could serve as an early biomarker for tumor relapse after chemotherapy and tumor lymph node metastasis in preclinical mouse models. Methods: We developed M2 macrophage-targeted probes for near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using an anti-CD206 monoclonal antibody. The specific targeting capacity and potential applications of the NIRF and SPECT probes were investigated in subcutaneous tumor and lymph node metastasis models of 4T1 murine breast cancer. Results: M2 macrophage infiltration was significantly increased in the 4T1 tumors that later underwent relapse but not in non-relapsing 4T1 tumors after cyclophosphamide treatment. Through NIRF imaging and SPECT using our synthesized probes, the infiltration of M2 macrophages in relapsing tumors and tumor lymph node metastasis could be sensitively detected. Importantly, early prediction of tumor relapse by molecular imaging of M2 macrophages resulted in an effective eradication of tumors upon combination with additional radiotherapy. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that M2 macrophage-targeted imaging allows for noninvasively predicting post-chemotherapy tumor relapse and sensitively detecting the metastatic lymph nodes in vivo. This imaging strategy could provide a better understanding of cancer progression, enable early prediction of tumor resistance, and have implications on the rational design of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenran Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinhe Yu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liquan Gao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianhao Lai
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dehua Lu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lijun Zhong
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Cui MY, Dong Z, Cai H, Huang K, Liu Y, Fang Z, Li X, Luo Y. Folate‑targeted polymeric micelles loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of a human tongue cancer cell line. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7597-7602. [PMID: 28944881 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of using folate‑targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) as a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent that targets human tongue cancer cells. Folate‑targeted and folate‑free bilayer micelles composed of a diblock copolymer of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly‑caprolactone (PCL) that encapsulated SPIO in their hydrophobic core (SPIO‑PEG‑PCL micelles) were synthesized. The cytotoxicity of each set of micelles towards Tca‑8113 cells was examined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays. Tca‑8113 cells were incubated with folate‑free SPIO‑PEG‑PCL micelles and folate‑targeted SPIO‑PEG‑PCL micelles at an Fe concentration of 80 µg/ml for 0.5, 1 and 2 h. MR imaging was subsequently performed and relative T2 relaxation time was recorded. Endocytosis of each micelle type was observed using Prussian blue staining. The MTT assays demonstrated that varying concentrations of folate‑targeted SPIO‑PEG‑PCL micelles did not result in statistically significant differences in Tca‑8113 cell viability when compared with folate‑free SPIO‑PEG‑PCL micelles (F=0.698; P=0.676). In the MR images obtained, decreased T2‑weighted signal intensity was observed for the folate‑targeted SPIO‑PEG‑PCL and folate‑free SPIO‑PEG‑PCL micelle treatments, particularly after the 2‑h incubation period. However, the folate‑targeted micelles exhibited a significantly greater decrease in signal intensity and a higher relative T2 relaxation time at each time point (P=0.002). In addition, blue intracellular particles were observed in the cells that were incubated with each type of micelle and stained with Prussian blue. However, a greater number of blue particles underwent endocytosis in the folate‑targeted group. Thus, folate‑targeted SPIO‑PEG‑PCL micelles exhibited preferential targeting of Tca‑8113 cells when compared with folate‑free SPIO‑PEG‑PCL micelles, and these results support the potential for these micelles to be used for the early diagnosis of tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Cui
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Huasong Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Zhuangnian Fang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yanji Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Abstract
PET can be used to guide percutaneous needle biopsy to the most metabolic lesion, improving diagnostic yield. PET biopsy guidance can be performed using visual or software coregistration, electromagnetic needle tracking, cone-beam computed tomography (CT), and intraprocedural PET/CT guidance. PET/CT-guided biopsies allow the sampling of lesions that may not be clearly visible on anatomic imaging, or of lesions that are morphologically normal. PET can identify suspicious locations within complex tumors that are most likely to contain important diagnostic and prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan El-Haddad
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612-9416, USA.
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14
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Baum RP, Kulkarni HR, Müller D, Satz S, Danthi N, Kim YS, Brechbiel MW. First-In-Human Study Demonstrating Tumor-Angiogenesis by PET/CT Imaging with (68)Ga-NODAGA-THERANOST, a High-Affinity Peptidomimetic for αvβ3 Integrin Receptor Targeting. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 30:152-9. [PMID: 25945808 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (68)Ga-NODAGA-THERANOST™ is an αvβ3 integrin antagonist and the first radiolabeled peptidomimetic to reach clinical development for targeting integrin receptors. In this first-in-human study, the feasibility of integrin receptor peptidomimetic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging was confirmed in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and breast cancer. METHODS Patients underwent PET/CT imaging with (68)Ga NODAGA-THERANOST. PET images were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and compared to 2-deoxy-2-((18)F) fluoro-d-glucose ((18)F-FDG) findings. Images were obtained 60 minutes postinjection of 300-500 MBq of (68)Ga-NODAGA-THERANOST. RESULTS (68)Ga-NODAGA-THERANOST revealed high tumor-to-background ratios (SUVmax=4.8) and uptake at neoangiogenesis sites. Reconstructed fused images distinguished cancers with high malignancy potential and enabled enhanced bone metastasis detection. (18)F-FDG-positive lung and lymph node metastases did not show uptake, indicating the absence of neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS (68)Ga-NODAGA-THERANOST was found to be safe and effective, exhibiting in this study rapid blood clearance, stability, rapid renal excretion, favorable biodistribution and PK/PD, low irradiation burden (μSv/MBq/μg), and convenient radiolabeling. This radioligand might enable theranostics, that is, a combination of diagnostics followed by the appropriate therapeutics, namely antiangiogenic therapy, image-guided presurgical assessment, treatment response evaluation, prediction of pathologic response, neoadjuvant-peptidomimetic-radiochemotherapy, and personalized medicine strategies. Further clinical trials evaluating (68)Ga-NODAGA-THERANOST are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Baum
- 1 THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, ENETS Center of Excellence , Bad Berka, Germany
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Satapathy R, Dash BP, Mahanta CS, Swain BR, Jena BB, Hosmane NS. Glycoconjugates of polyhedral boron clusters. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Alam SR, Stirrat C, Richards J, Mirsadraee S, Semple SIK, Tse G, Henriksen P, Newby DE. Vascular and plaque imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:83. [PMID: 26381872 PMCID: PMC4574723 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) has become a primary tool for non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular anatomy, pathology and function. Existing contrast agents have been utilised for the identification of infarction, fibrosis, perfusion deficits and for angiography. Novel ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) contrast agents that are taken up by inflammatory cells can detect cellular inflammation non-invasively using CMR, potentially aiding the diagnosis of inflammatory medical conditions, guiding their treatment and giving insight into their pathophysiology. In this review we describe the utilization of USPIO as a novel contrast agent in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirjel R Alam
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
| | - Colin Stirrat
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
| | - Jennifer Richards
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
| | - Saeed Mirsadraee
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
- Department of Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
| | - Scott I K Semple
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
| | - George Tse
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
| | - Peter Henriksen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK.
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Kang WJ, Lee J, Lee YS, Cho S, Ali BA, Al-Khedhairy AA, Heo H, Kim S. Multimodal imaging probe for targeting cancer cells using uMUC-1 aptamer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:134-40. [PMID: 26387066 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
For adequate cancer therapy, newer imaging modalities with more specific ligands for unique targets are crucial. Underglycosylated mucin-1 (uMUC-1) antigen is an early marker of tumor development and is widely overexpressed on most tumors. A combination of nanotechnology with optical, radionuclide, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has great potential to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this study, a multimodal nanoparticle imaging system was developed that can be used for optical, MR and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles surrounded by fluorescent rhodamine (designated MF) within a silica shell matrix were conjugated with an aptamer targeting uMUC-1 (designated MF-uMUC-1) and further labeled by (68)Ga (designated MFR-uMUC-1) with the help of a p-SCN-bn-NOTA chelating agent, resulting in single multimodal nanoparticles. The resultant nanoparticles are spherical and monodispersed, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The MFR-uMUC-1 nanoparticle showed specific and dose-dependent fluorescent, radioisotope and MR signals targeting BT-20 cells expressing uMUC-1. In vivo targeting and multimodal imaging in tumor-bearing nude mice also showed great specificity for targeting cancers with MFR-uMUC-1. The MFR-uMUC-1 probe could be used as a single multimodal probe to visualize cancer cells by means of optical, radionuclide and MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jun Kang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 270-701, Republic of Korea; Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 404-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 270-701, Republic of Korea; Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 404-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Cho
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 270-701, Republic of Korea; Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 404-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Bahy A Ali
- Al-Jeraisy DNA Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Nucleic Acids Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Hyejung Heo
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 270-701, Republic of Korea; Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 404-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonhag Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 270-701, Republic of Korea; Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City 404-834, Republic of Korea.
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Edelman RR. The history of MR imaging as seen through the pages of radiology. Radiology 2015; 273:S181-200. [PMID: 25340436 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14140706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first reports in Radiology pertaining to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were published in 1980, 7 years after Paul Lauterbur pioneered the first MR images and 9 years after the first human computed tomographic images were obtained. Historical advances in the research and clinical applications of MR imaging very much parallel the remarkable advances in MR imaging technology. These advances can be roughly classified into hardware (eg, magnets, gradients, radiofrequency [RF] coils, RF transmitter and receiver, MR imaging-compatible biopsy devices) and imaging techniques (eg, pulse sequences, parallel imaging, and so forth). Image quality has been dramatically improved with the introduction of high-field-strength superconducting magnets, digital RF systems, and phased-array coils. Hybrid systems, such as MR/positron emission tomography (PET), combine the superb anatomic and functional imaging capabilities of MR imaging with the unsurpassed capability of PET to demonstrate tissue metabolism. Supported by the improvements in hardware, advances in pulse sequence design and image reconstruction techniques have spurred dramatic improvements in imaging speed and the capability for studying tissue function. In this historical review, the history of MR imaging technology and developing research and clinical applications, as seen through the pages of Radiology, will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Edelman
- From the Department of Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201
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3D Bioprinting and 3D Imaging for Stem Cell Engineering. BIOPRINTING IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21386-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Shirshahi V, Soltani M. Solid silica nanoparticles: applications in molecular imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:1-17. [PMID: 24996058 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Silica and silica-based nanoparticles have been widely used for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in cancer mainly through delivery of drugs, genes and contrast agents. Development of synthesis methods has provided the possibility of fabricating silica nanoparticles with different sizes in nanometer ranges as well as silica-based multimodal nanoparticles with many innovative properties and intriguing applications in biomedicine. The surface of silica particles facilitates different methods of surface modifications and allows conjugation of various biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. In this review, different methods of fabrication of silica and silica-based nanoparticles, their surface modification and the application of these nanoparticles in molecular imaging are discussed. Overall, the aim of this review is to address the development of silica and silica-based multifunctional nanoparticles that are introduced mainly for molecular imaging applications using optical, magnetic (MRI), X-ray (computed tomography) and multimodal imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Shirshahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Brand C, Abdel-Atti D, Zhang Y, Carlin S, Clardy SM, Keliher EJ, Weber WA, Lewis JS, Reiner T. In vivo imaging of GLP-1R with a targeted bimodal PET/fluorescence imaging agent. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1323-30. [PMID: 24856928 PMCID: PMC4215873 DOI: 10.1021/bc500178d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accurate visualization and quantification of β-cell mass is critical for the improved understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and insulinoma. Here, we describe the synthesis of a bimodal imaging probe (PET/fluorescence) for imaging GLP-1R expression in the pancreas and in pancreatic islet cell tumors. The conjugation of a bimodal imaging tag containing a near-infrared fluorescent dye, and the copper chelator sarcophagine to the GLP-1R targeting peptide exendin-4 provided the basis for the bimodal imaging probe. Conjugation was performed via a novel sequential one-pot synthetic procedure including (64)Cu radiolabeling and copper-catalyzed click-conjugation. The bimodal imaging agent (64)Cu-E4-Fl was synthesized in good radiochemical yield and specific activity (RCY = 36%, specific activity: 141 μCi/μg, >98% radiochemical purity). The agent showed good performance in vivo and ex vivo, visualizing small xenografts (<2 mm) with PET and pancreatic β-cell mass by phosphor autoradiography. Using the fluorescent properties of the probe, we were able to detect individual pancreatic islets, confirming specific binding to GLP-1R and surpassing the sensitivity of the radioactive label. The use of bimodal PET/fluorescent imaging probes is promising for preoperative imaging and fluorescence-assisted analysis of patient tissues. We believe that our procedure could become relevant as a protocol for the development of bimodal imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brand
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service and §Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, ∥Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, and ⊥Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States
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Xue S, Wang Y, Wang M, Zhang L, Du X, Gu H, Zhang C. Iodinated oil-loaded, fluorescent mesoporous silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography/fluorescence trimodal imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2527-38. [PMID: 24904212 PMCID: PMC4039419 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT)/fluorescence trifunctional probe was prepared by loading iodinated oil into fluorescent mesoporous silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (i-fmSiO4@SPIONs). Fluorescent mesoporous silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (fmSiO4@SPIONs) were prepared by growing fluorescent dye-doped silica onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) directed by a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide template. As prepared, fmSiO4@SPIONs had a uniform size, a large surface area, and a large pore volume, which demonstrated high efficiency for iodinated oil loading. Iodinated oil loading did not change the sizes of fmSiO4@SPIONs, but they reduced the MRI T2 relaxivity (r2) markedly. I-fmSiO4@SPIONs were stable in their physical condition and did not demonstrate cytotoxic effects under the conditions investigated. In vitro studies indicated that the contrast enhancement of MRI and CT, and the fluorescence signal intensity of i-fmSiO4@SPION aqueous suspensions and macrophages, were intensified with increased i-fmSiO4@SPION concentrations in suspension and cell culture media. Moreover, for the in vivo study, the accumulation of i-fmSiO4@SPIONs in the liver could also be detected by MRI, CT, and fluorescence imaging. Our study demonstrated that i-fmSiO4@SPIONs had great potential for MRI/CT/fluorescence trimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Xue
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Nofiele JT, Haedicke IE, Zhu YLK, Zhang XA, Cheng HLM. Gadolinium-free extracellular MR contrast agent for tumor imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:397-403. [PMID: 24399613 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a new formulation of manganese porphyrin as a potential gadolinium (Gd)-free extracellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent for dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI of tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A previously reported new contrast agent, MnTCP, was evaluated in six female tumor-bearing nude rats. MRI was performed on a 3 T clinical scanner 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation of breast tumor cells in the mammary fat pads. Gd-DTPA was injected intravenously, followed by injection of MnTCP at least 2 hours later (both at 0.05 mmol/kg). T1 relaxation time measurements and DCE-MRI were performed. RESULTS Enhancement and clearance patterns were visually similar between MnTCP and Gd-DTPA. However, relative R1 increases in all 11 tumors were larger for MnTCP over 60 minutes postcontrast, the difference being significant as late as 20 minutes (R1post /R1pre = 1.42 ± 0.15 for MnTCP vs. 1.20 ± 0.08 for Gd-DTPA, P < 0.05). R1 -related effects for MnTCP were largely reduced after 60 minutes (R1post /R1pre = 1.13 ± 0.07) and completely gone within 24 hours (R1post /R1pre = 0.97 ± 0.06). DCE-MRI revealed a consistently larger (1.5 to over 2-fold) peak enhancement and higher values of the steepest slope, time-to-peak, and AUC60 in all tumors with MnTCP (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION MnTCP is an alternative to extracellular Gd agents for tumor imaging, offering sensitive detection and rapid renal clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Tchouala Nofiele
- The Research Institute and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
Nuclear imaging techniques that include positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon computed tomography have found great success in the clinic because of their inherent high sensitivity. Radionuclide imaging is the most popular form of imaging to be used for molecular imaging in oncology. While many types of molecules have been used for radionuclide-based molecular imaging, there has been a great interest in developing newer nanomaterials for use in clinic, especially for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials have unique physical properties which allow them to be used as imaging probes to locate and identify cancerous lesions. Over the past decade, a great number of nanoparticles have been developed for radionuclide imaging of cancer. This chapter reviews the different kinds of nanomaterials, both organic and inorganic, which are currently being researched for as potential agents for nuclear imaging of variety of cancers. Several radiolabeled multifunctional nanocarriers have been extremely successful for the detection of cancer in preclinical models. So far, significant progress has been achieved in nanoparticle structure design, in vitro/in vivo trafficking, and in vivo fate mapping by using PET. There is a great need for the development of newer nanoparticles, which improve active targeting and quantify new biomarkers for early disease detection and possible prevention of cancer.
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Overview of positron emission tomography, hybrid positron emission tomography instrumentation, and positron emission tomography quantification. J Thorac Imaging 2013; 28:4-10. [PMID: 23249967 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0b013e31827882d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful quantitative molecular imaging technique that is complementary to structural imaging techniques for purposes of disease detection and characterization. This review article provides a brief overview of PET, hybrid PET instrumentation, and PET quantification.
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SHERIDAN MB, MANOHARAN P. Neoplasms of the pancreas. IMAGING 2013. [DOI: 10.1259/imaging/20369618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Clinical Perspectives of Hybrid Proton-Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. Invest Radiol 2013; 48:341-50. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e318277528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Liu S, Li D, Huang CW, Yap LP, Park R, Shan H, Li Z, Conti PS. Efficient construction of PET/fluorescence probe based on sarcophagine cage: an opportunity to integrate diagnosis with treatment. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 14:718-24. [PMID: 22476968 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the shortage of established platforms/methods for multimodality probe construction, in this study, we developed a heterofunctional chelator, BaAn(Boc)Sar, from sarcophagine cage as a general platform for dual-modality probe construction. PROCEDURES A dual-modality probe for positron-emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence imaging was synthesized using the developed BaAn(Boc)Sar chelator. The c(RGDyK)(2) peptide (denoted as RGD(2)) and fluorescence dye Cy5.5 were conjugated with BaAn(Boc)Sar to form BaAnSar-RGD(2)-Cy5.5. Then, BaAnSar-RGD(2)-Cy5.5 was labeled with (64)Cu in ammonium acetate buffer. PET and fluorescent imaging were carried out to evaluate (64)Cu-BaAnSar-RGD(2)-Cy5.5 in nude mice bearing U87MG glioblastoma xenograft. RESULTS The BaAnSar-RGD(2)-Cy5.5 was labeled with (64)Cu very efficiently in 0.1 M NH(4)OAc buffer within 10 min at 37 °C in the yield of 86.7 ± 4.4 % (n = 3). The specific activity of (64)Cu-BaBaSar-RGD(2) was controlled at 50-200 mCi/μmol for the consideration of both PET and optical imaging. MicroPET quantification analysis shows that the U87MG tumor uptake is 6.41 ± 0.28, 6.51 ± 1.45, and 5.92 ± 1.57 %ID/g at 1, 4, and 20 h postinjection, respectively. Good correlation was obtained between the tumor to muscle ratios measured by the radioactivity and fluorescence intensity. As a proof of concept, an animal surgery study demonstrated that this dual-modality probe would greatly benefit the patients because the PET moiety could be used for tumor detection, and the fluorescent moiety would allow image-guided surgery. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of preparing dual-modality imaging probes based on the sarcophagine scaffold. The resulting PET and fluorescent imaging probe also holds a great potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, Molecular Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Liu S, Lin TP, Li D, Leamer L, Shan H, Li Z, Gabbaï FP, Conti PS. Lewis acid-assisted isotopic 18F-19F exchange in BODIPY dyes: facile generation of positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual modality agents for tumor imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:181-9. [PMID: 23471211 PMCID: PMC3590587 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful technique for imaging biological pathways in vivo, particularly those that are key targets in disease processes. In contrast, fluorescence imaging has demonstrated to be a superior method for image-guided surgery, such as tumor removal. Although the integration of PET and optical imaging could provide an attractive strategy for patient management, there is a significant shortage of established platforms/methods for PET/optical probe construction. In this study, various reaction conditions were explored to develop a simple and fast method allowing for the introduction of [(18)F]-fluoride into BODIPY dyes. Through a systematic optimization of the reaction conditions, we found that BODIPY dyes, including commercial amine-reactive BODIPY succinimidyl esters, may be converted into their radioactive analogues in the matter of minutes via a (18)F-(19)F isotopic exchange reaction promoted by a Lewis acid such as SnCl4. An integrin-targeting RGD peptide was also conjugated with [(18)F]BODIPY® R6G , derived from the commercially available BODIPY® R6G fluorescent tag, to provide a [(18)F]-RGD conjugate in 82% yield. In vivo evaluation of this imaging probe showed a discernible tumor uptake in the U87MG xenograft model. The dual modality imaging properties of the probe was confirmed by ex vivo fluorescence and microPET imaging experiments. In summary, in the matter of minutes, BODIPY dyes were converted into their "hot" radioactive analogues via a (18)F-(19)F isotopic exchange reaction promoted by a Lewis acid. This approach, which can be applied to commercial BODIPY dyes, provides easy access to positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual modality imaging agents.
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Oncological Applications of Positron Emission Tomography for Evaluation of the Thorax. J Thorac Imaging 2013; 28:11-24. [DOI: 10.1097/rti.0b013e318279449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Nononcological Applications of Positron Emission Tomography for Evaluation of the Thorax. J Thorac Imaging 2013; 28:25-39. [DOI: 10.1097/rti.0b013e31827882a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sonmez AE, Webb AG, Spees WM, Ozcan A, Tsekos NV. A system for endoscopic mechanically scanned localized proton MR and light-induced fluorescence emission spectroscopies. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 222:16-25. [PMID: 22820260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and near-cellular modalities offer new opportunities in assessing living tissue in situ, and multimodality approaches, which offer complementary information, may lead to improved characterization of tissue pathophysiology benefiting diagnosis and focal therapy. However, many such modalities are limited by their low penetration through tissue, which has led to minimally invasive trans-cannula approaches to place the corresponding sensors locally at the area of interest. This work presents a system for performing localized fluorescence emission and proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopies via endoscopic access. The in-house developed side-firing 1.9-mm wide dual-sensor integrates a three-fiber optical sensor for fluorescence emission optical spectroscopy and a 1-mm circular radiofrequency (RF) coil for localized MR proton spectroscopy. An MR-compatible manipulator was developed for carrying and mechanically translating the dual-sensor along a linear access channel. The hardware and software control of the system allows reconfigurable synchronization of the manipulator-assisted translation of the sensor, and MR and optical data collection. The manipulator serves as the mechanical link for the three modalities and MR images, MR spectra and optical spectra are inherently co-registered to the MR scanner coordinate system. These spectra were then used to generate spatio-spectral maps of the fluorophores and proton MR-signal sources in three-compartment phantoms with optically- and MR-visible, and distinguishable, materials. These data demonstrate a good spatial match between MR images, MR spectra and optical spectra along the scanned path. In addition to basic research, such a system may have clinical applications for assessing and characterizing cancer in situ, as well as guiding focal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet E Sonmez
- Medical Robotics Laboratory Department of Computer Science at University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
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Owada T, Maezawa R, Kurasawa K, Okada H, Arai S, Fukuda T. Detection of inflammatory lesions by f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:1659-65. [PMID: 22753657 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging in the management of patients with inflammatory myopathy. We examined whether FDG-PET scanning detects myositis or extramuscular lesions in patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). METHODS FDG-PET imaging was performed in 24 patients with active inflammatory myopathy (PM, 11; DM, 13). The images were read by radiologists in a blinded manner. FDG uptake into muscles was judged positive when the intensity of muscles was higher than or equal to that of the liver. As controls, FDG imaging findings of patients with a lung mass and without muscle diseases were used. To investigate associations between FDG-PET findings and clinical/laboratory findings, the patients' medical records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Increased FDG uptake in muscles was found in 8 of 24 (33%) patients. In 67 of 69 (97%) controls without muscle diseases, no muscle FDG uptake was detected. The sensitivity of FDG-PET to detect myositis was lower than that of electromyogram (EMG), magnetic resonance imaging, and muscle biopsy. There were no significant differences in clinical manifestations between patients with and without increased FDG uptake in muscles, although patients with FDG muscle uptake had a tendency to have extended myositis with endomysial cell infiltration. FDG-PET detected neoplasms in patients with associated malignancy. FDG uptake in lungs was found in 7 of 18 patients with interstitial lung disease. CONCLUSION FDG-PET imaging has limited usefulness for the evaluation of myositis in patients with PM/DM because of its low sensitivity, although it might be useful for detection of malignancy in these patients.
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Skotland T. Molecular imaging: challenges of bringing imaging of intracellular targets into common clinical use. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 7:1-6. [PMID: 22344874 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging (MI) takes advantage of several new techniques to detect biomarkers or biochemical and cellular processes, with the goal of obtaining high sensitivity, specificity and signal-to-noise ratio imaging of disease. The imaging modalities bearing the most promise for MI are positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) and different optical imaging techniques with high sensitivity. Also magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast agents like ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO), magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultrasound imaging with contrast agents may be useful approaches. MI techniques have been used in the clinic for many years, i.e. PET imaging using (18) F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose. Animal studies have during the last years revealed great potential for MI also with several other agents. The focus of the present article is the challenges of clinical imaging of intracellular targets following intravenous injection of the agents. Thus, the great challenge of getting enough contrast agent into the cytosol and at the same time obtaining a low signal from tissue just outside the diseased area is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Skotland
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty Division, Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello, Olso, Norway.
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Li S, Goins B, Zhang L, Bao A. Novel multifunctional theranostic liposome drug delivery system: construction, characterization, and multimodality MR, near-infrared fluorescent, and nuclear imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1322-32. [PMID: 22577859 DOI: 10.1021/bc300175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are effective lipid nanoparticle drug delivery systems, which can also be functionalized with noninvasive multimodality imaging agents with each modality providing distinct information and having synergistic advantages in diagnosis, monitoring of disease treatment, and evaluation of liposomal drug pharmacokinetics. We designed and constructed a multifunctional theranostic liposomal drug delivery system, which integrated multimodality magnetic resonance (MR), near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent and nuclear imaging of liposomal drug delivery, and therapy monitoring and prediction. The premanufactured liposomes were composed of DSPC/cholesterol/Gd-DOTA-DSPE/DOTA-DSPE with the molar ratio of 39:35:25:1 and having ammonium sulfate/pH gradient. A lipidized NIR fluorescent tracer, IRDye-DSPE, was effectively postinserted into the premanufactured liposomes. Doxorubicin could be effectively postloaded into the multifunctional liposomes. The multifunctional doxorubicin-liposomes could also be stably radiolabeled with (99m)Tc or (64)Cu for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, respectively. MR images displayed the high-resolution micro-intratumoral distribution of the liposomes in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) tumor xenografts in nude rats after intratumoral injection. NIR fluorescent, SPECT, and PET images also clearly showed either the high intratumoral retention or distribution of the multifunctional liposomes. This multifunctional drug carrying liposome system is promising for disease theranostics allowing noninvasive multimodality NIR fluorescent, MR, SPECT, and PET imaging of their in vivo behavior and capitalizing on the inherent advantages of each modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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Patel V, Papineni RVL, Gupta S, Stoyanova R, Ahmed MM. A realistic utilization of nanotechnology in molecular imaging and targeted radiotherapy of solid tumors. Radiat Res 2012; 177:483-95. [PMID: 22404738 DOI: 10.1667/rr2597.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Precise dose delivery to malignant tissue in radiotherapy is of paramount importance for treatment efficacy while minimizing morbidity of surrounding normal tissues. Current conventional imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT), are used to define the three-dimensional shape and volume of the tumor for radiation therapy. In many cases, these radiographic imaging (RI) techniques are ambiguous or provide limited information with regard to tumor margins and histopathology. Molecular imaging (MI) modalities, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon-emission computed-tomography (SPECT) that can characterize tumor tissue, are rapidly becoming routine in radiation therapy. However, their inherent low spatial resolution impedes tumor delineation for the purposes of radiation treatment planning. This review will focus on applications of nanotechnology to synergize imaging modalities in order to accurately highlight, as well as subsequently target, tumor cells. Furthermore, using such nano-agents for imaging, simultaneous coupling of novel therapeutics including radiosensitizers can be delivered specifically to the tumor to maximize tumor cell killing while sparing normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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Luchetti A, Milani D, Ruffini F, Galli R, Falini A, Quattrini A, Scotti G, Comi G, Martino G, Furlan R, Politi LS. Monoclonal Antibodies Conjugated with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles Allow Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detection of Lymphocytes in the Mouse Brain. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential of antibody-vectorialized superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles as cellular specific magnetic resonance contrast agents to image lymphocyte populations within the central nervous system (CNS), with the final goal of obtaining a reliable tool for noninvasively detecting and tracking specific cellular populations in vivo. We used superparamagnetic particles bound to a monoclonal antibody. The particle is the contrast agent, by means of its T2* relaxation properties; the antibody is the targeting vector, responsible for homing the particle to target a surface antigen. To investigate the efficiency of particle vectorialization by these antibodies, we compared two types of antibody-vectorialized CD3-specific particles in vivo. We successfully employed vectorialized SPIO particles to image B220+ cells in a murine model of B-cell lymphoma. Likewise, we were able to identify CD3+ infiltrates in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. The specificity of the technique was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of corresponding sections. Our findings suggest that indirect binding of the antibody to a streptavidinated particle allows for enhanced particle vectorialization compared to covalent binding of the antibody to the particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Luchetti
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Milani
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruffini
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Galli
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scotti
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio S. Politi
- From the Departments of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Institute, Neuroradiology, Neurology, Neuroimmunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Gao M, Wang M, Miller KD, Zheng QH. Facile radiosynthesis of new carbon-11-labeled propanamide derivatives as selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) radioligands for prostate cancer imaging. Steroids 2011; 76:1505-12. [PMID: 21867721 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is an attractive target for the treatment and molecular imaging of prostate cancer. New carbon-11-labeled propanamide derivatives were first designed and synthesized as selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) radioligands for prostate cancer imaging using the biomedical imaging technique positron emission tomography (PET). The target tracers, (S)-N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(2-[(11)C]methoxyphenoxy)-2-methylpropanamide ([(11)C]8a), (S)-2-hydroxy-3-(2-[(11)C]methoxyphenoxy)-2-methyl-N-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanamide ([(11)C]8 e), (S)-N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-[(11)C]methoxyphenoxy)-2-methylpropanamide ([(11)C]8c) and (S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-[(11)C]methoxyphenoxy)-2-methyl-N-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanamide ([(11)C]8 g), were prepared by O-[(11)C]methylation of their corresponding precursors, (S)-N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-methylpropanamide (9a), (S)-2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-methyl-N-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanamide (9b), (S)-N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-methylpropanamide (9 c) and (S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-methyl-N-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanamide (9 d), with [(11)C]CH(3)OTf under basic conditions and isolated by a simplified C-18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) method in 55 ± 5% (n = 5) radiochemical yields based on [(11)C]CO(2) and decay corrected to end of bombardment (EOB). The overall synthesis time from EOB was 23 min, the radiochemical purity was >99%, and the specific activity at end of synthesis (EOS) was 277.5 ± 92.5 GBq/μmol (n = 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Gao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16th Street, L3-202, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2111, USA
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Cottone L, Valtorta S, Capobianco A, Belloli S, Rovere-Querini P, Fazio F, Manfredi AA, Moresco RM. Evaluation of the Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in an Experimental Model of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Using 18F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1770-7. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.089177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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40
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Sukerkar PA, MacRenaris KW, Meade TJ, Burdette JE. A steroid-conjugated magnetic resonance probe enhances contrast in progesterone receptor expressing organs and tumors in vivo. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1390-400. [PMID: 21736390 DOI: 10.1021/mp200219e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) is a significant biomarker in diseases such as endometriosis and breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers that is associated with disease prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. While receptor status is currently determined by immunohistochemistry assays, the development of noninvasive PR imaging agents could improve molecular characterization, treatment decisions, and disease monitoring. ProGlo, a progesterone-conjugated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, was evaluated in vivo to determine whether it targets and enhances signal intensity in organs and tumors that express high PR levels. A tissue distribution study indicated that ProGlo accumulates in the PR-rich uterus, which was confirmed by in vivo imaging studies. Ex vivo images of these organs revealed that ProGlo was distributed in the substructures that express high PR levels. In xenograft tumor models, ProGlo was taken up to a greater extent than the nonfunctionalized Gd-DO3A in tumors, particularly in PR(+) tumors. The ability to accumulate and enhance signal intensity in PR(+) organs and tumors suggests that ProGlo may be a promising MRI probe for PR(+) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti A Sukerkar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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41
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Maia S, Ayachi Hatit N, Paycha F. [Situation of supply and boom of PET imaging: what is the future for technetium-99m in nuclear medicine?]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2011; 69:155-64. [PMID: 21570540 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has shown its interest in the diagnosis, staging and therapy monitoring of many diseases, especially in the field of cancer. This imaging modality can detect non-invasively early molecular changes specific to these diseases. Its expansion includes two aspects linked firstly with the advanced techniques of imaging modalities and secondly with the development of tracers as radio pharmaceuticals for imaging new molecular targets. Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc), because of its physical characteristics, its widespread availability and low cost, is the most used radionuclide in molecular imaging with the technique of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Nevertheless, the current difficulty concerning the supply and the great interest of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), the "competitor" imaging modality-using molecules labelled with fluorine-18 ((18)F), legitimates the question about the future of (99m)Tc, its supremacy and the emergence of new tracer labelled with (99m)Tc. Focusing on the actual and future supply situation, the place of SPECT imaging in nuclear medicine, as well as the development of new molecules labelled with (99m)Tc is necessary to show that this radionuclide will remain essential for the speciality in the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maia
- Service de pharmacie et radiopharmacie, hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours, France.
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42
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Functional properties of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with magnetic microparticles in vitro and analysis of their distribution after transplantation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2011; 150:131-6. [PMID: 21161071 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-010-1087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells enzymatically isolated from human placenta were labeled with magnetic fluorescent microparticles (d=0.96 μ). We showed that microparticles in high doses (>10 μl stock suspension per 1 ml culture medium) significantly inhibited cell proliferation in culture. In our work we determined the optimal concentration of particles not affecting physiological properties of mesenchymal stem cells: it does not change cell proliferation, does not induce apoptosis, and does not modulate their transdifferentiation into neuronal cells. In vivo experiments showed that the chosen particles allow easy visualization of transplanted cells ex vivo on sections of different tissues.
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43
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Werner MK, Aschoff P, Reimold M, Pfannenberg C. FDG-PET/CT-guided biopsy of bone metastases sets a new course in patient management after extensive imaging and multiple futile biopsies. Br J Radiol 2011; 84:e65-7. [PMID: 21325361 PMCID: PMC3473865 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/26998246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 73-year-old man with a history of prostate and bladder carcinoma and persistent back pain was diagnosed by MRI with multiple vertebral metastases including a compression fracture of T7. He received radiotherapy for pain relief and for vertebral instability with incipient spinal stenosis, but additional targeted systemic therapy was intended. Therefore, multiple attempts at minimally invasive and open biopsies for histological characterisation of the bone metastases were performed, but failed to provide a conclusive specimen, although CT, MRI and bone scintigraphy were used for biopsy planning. Only histopathological analysis of an (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT-guided additional biopsy at a site with high metabolic activity yielded the final diagnosis of bone metastases of a neuroendocrine small cell cancer of unknown origin; hence, the patient had a third malignancy requiring a different therapy regimen and diagnostic work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Werner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.
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44
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McMillan J, Batrakova E, Gendelman HE. Cell delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:563-601. [PMID: 22093229 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine seeks to manufacture drugs and other biologically relevant molecules that are packaged into nanoscale systems for improved delivery. This includes known drugs, proteins, enzymes, and antibodies that have limited clinical efficacy based on delivery, circulating half-lives, or toxicity profiles. The <100 nm nanoscale physical properties afford them a unique biologic potential for biomedical applications. Hence they are attractive systems for treatment of cancer, heart and lung, blood, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Proposed clinical applications include tissue regeneration, cochlear and retinal implants, cartilage and joint repair, skin regeneration, antimicrobial therapy, correction of metabolic disorders, and targeted drug delivery to diseased sites including the central nervous system. The potential for cell and immune side effects has necessitated new methods for determining formulation toxicities. To realize the potential of nanomedicine from the bench to the patient bedside, our laboratories have embarked on developing cell-based carriage of drug nanoparticles to improve clinical outcomes in infectious and degenerative diseases. The past half decade has seen the development and use of cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage, including dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, as Trojan horses for carriage of anti-inflammatory and anti-infective medicines. The promise of this new technology and the perils in translating it for clinical use are developed and discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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45
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Sonmez AE, Hedayati Y, Özcan A, Spees WM, Tsekos NV. Simulations and experimental demonstration of coupling molecular and macroscopic level modalities with a robotic manipulator. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2011; 2011:7446-7449. [PMID: 22256060 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6091746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Established and emerging molecular and cellular modalities, such as optical imaging and spectroscopy, offer new opportunities for assessing tissue pathophysiology in situ. A challenge with such applications is their limited tissue penetration and low sensitivity that can be addressed with trans-needle or trans-catheter access. In this work, we describe the use of an actuated manipulator to physically manipulate such sensors to scan an area of interest generating 1-D scans while registering them to a guiding modality. Simulations were performed for a miniature RF coil to determine the voxel size, and experimental studies were conducted using a miniature RF coil manipulated by the MR-compatible device. The experimental results on phantom studies show that potential diagnostic information can be collected by using this methodology. This system was pursued to address a critical limitation of emerging molecular and near-cellular modalities; the limited tissue penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet E Sonmez
- Medical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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46
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Pysz MA, Gambhir SS, Willmann JK. Molecular imaging: current status and emerging strategies. Clin Radiol 2010; 65:500-16. [PMID: 20541650 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vivo molecular imaging has a great potential to impact medicine by detecting diseases in early stages (screening), identifying extent of disease, selecting disease- and patient-specific treatment (personalized medicine), applying a directed or targeted therapy, and measuring molecular-specific effects of treatment. Current clinical molecular imaging approaches primarily use positron-emission tomography (PET) or single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT)-based techniques. In ongoing preclinical research, novel molecular targets of different diseases are identified and, sophisticated and multifunctional contrast agents for imaging these molecular targets are developed along with new technologies and instrumentation for multi-modality molecular imaging. Contrast-enhanced molecular ultrasound (US) with molecularly-targeted contrast microbubbles is explored as a clinically translatable molecular imaging strategy for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring diseases at the molecular level. Optical imaging with fluorescent molecular probes and US imaging with molecularly-targeted microbubbles are attractive strategies as they provide real-time imaging, are relatively inexpensive, produce images with high spatial resolution, and do not involve exposure to ionizing irradiation. Raman spectroscopy/microscopy has emerged as a molecular optical imaging strategy for ultrasensitive detection of multiple biomolecules/biochemicals with both in vivo and ex vivo versatility. Photoacoustic imaging is a hybrid of optical and US techniques involving optically-excitable molecularly-targeted contrast agents and quantitative detection of resulting oscillatory contrast agent movement with US. Current preclinical findings and advances in instrumentation, such as endoscopes and microcatheters, suggest that these molecular imaging methods have numerous potential clinical applications and will be translated into clinical use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pysz
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5424, USA
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47
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Rosenblum LT, Kosaka N, Mitsunaga M, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. In vivo molecular imaging using nanomaterials: general in vivo characteristics of nano-sized reagents and applications for cancer diagnosis. Mol Membr Biol 2010; 27:274-85. [PMID: 20455640 PMCID: PMC3489935 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2010.481640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles present a new collection of contrast agents for the field of in vivo molecular imaging. This review focuses on promising molecular imaging probes for optical and magnetic resonance imaging based on four representative nanomaterial(s) platforms: quantum dots, upconversion phosphors, superparamagnetic iron oxides, and dendrimer-based agents. Quantum dots are extremely efficient fluorescent nanoparticles with size-tunable emission properties, enabling high sensitivity and greater depth penetration. Their heavy metal composition and long retention in the body, however, pose concerns for clinical translational applications. Upconversion phosphors generate excellent signal-to-background contrast because they emit light with higher energy than the excitation photons and autofluorescence signals. For MRI, iron oxide particles also generate excellent signal and have been used in liver imaging and for cell tracking studies. As they are metabolized through endogenous iron salvage pathways, they have already been introduced as clinical contrast agents. Lastly, dendrimers, a 'soft' nanoparticle, can be used as a structural basis for the attachment of small molecule imaging agents and/or targeting groups. This array of nanoparticles should offer insights into the uses and potentials of nanoparticles for the molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Rosenblum
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, USA
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48
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Sauter AW, Wehrl HF, Kolb A, Judenhofer MS, Pichler BJ. Combined PET/MRI: one step further in multimodality imaging. Trends Mol Med 2010; 16:508-15. [PMID: 20851684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Given the need for sophisticated in vivo detection techniques to better characterize the cellular and subcellular processes in animals and humans, molecular imaging has become an important discipline. Techniques in molecular imaging have developed from stand alone modalities to multimodality methods. Among these, the combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) is a successful imaging method and has become an important tool in clinical practice. Technological approaches that combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffuse optical tomography (DOT), fluorescence tomography (FT) and PET have now been introduced. PET/MRI and the resulting combination of molecular, morphological and functional information will pave the way for a better understanding of physiological and disease mechanisms in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Sauter
- University of Tuebingen, Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Okada M, Sato N, Ishii K, Matsumura K, Hosono M, Murakami T. FDG PET/CT versus CT, MR Imaging, and67Ga Scintigraphy in the Posttherapy Evaluation of Malignant Lymphoma. Radiographics 2010; 30:939-57. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.304095150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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