Schepkin VD, Elumalai M, Kitchen JA, Qian C, Gor'kov PL, Brey WW. In vivo chlorine and sodium MRI of rat brain at 21.1 T.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013;
27:63-70. [PMID:
23748497 DOI:
10.1007/s10334-013-0387-2]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
MR imaging of low-gamma nuclei at the ultrahigh magnetic field of 21.1 T provides a new opportunity for understanding a variety of biological processes. Among these, chlorine and sodium are attracting attention for their involvement in brain function and cancer development.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MRI of (35)Cl and (23)Na were performed and relaxation times were measured in vivo in normal rat (n = 3) and in rat with glioma (n = 3) at 21.1 T. The concentrations of both nuclei were evaluated using the center-out back-projection method.
RESULTS
T 1 relaxation curve of chlorine in normal rat head was fitted by bi-exponential function (T 1a = 4.8 ms (0.7) T 1b = 24.4 ± 7 ms (0.3) and compared with sodium (T 1 = 41.4 ms). Free induction decays (FID) of chlorine and sodium in vivo were bi-exponential with similar rapidly decaying components of [Formula: see text] ms and [Formula: see text] ms, respectively. Effects of small acquisition matrix and bi-exponential FIDs were assessed for quantification of chlorine (33.2 mM) and sodium (44.4 mM) in rat brain.
CONCLUSION
The study modeled a dramatic effect of the bi-exponential decay on MRI results. The revealed increased chlorine concentration in glioma (~1.5 times) relative to a normal brain correlates with the hypothesis asserting the importance of chlorine for tumor progression.
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