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Englund A, Gilliam-Vigh H, Suppli MP, Gasbjerg LS, Vilsbøll T, Knop FK. Intestinal expression profiles and hepatic expression of LEAP2, ghrelin and their common receptor, GHSR, in humans. Peptides 2024; 177:171227. [PMID: 38657907 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) and ghrelin have reciprocal effects on their common receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Ghrelin is considered a gastric hormone and LEAP2 a liver-derived hormone and both have been proposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the mRNA expression of LEAP2, ghrelin and GHSR along the intestinal tract of individuals with and without TD2, and in the liver of men with and without obesity. Mucosal biopsies retrieved with 30-cm intervals throughout the small intestine and from 7 well-defined locations along the large intestine from 12 individuals with T2D and 12 healthy controls together with liver biopsies from 15 men with obesity and 15 lean men were subjected to bulk transcriptomics analysis. Both in individuals with and without T2D, mRNA expression of LEAP2 increased through the small intestine until dropping at the ileocecal valve, with little LEAP2 mRNA expression in the large intestine. Pronounced LEAP2 expression was observed in the liver of men with and without obesity. Robust ghrelin mRNA expression was observed in the duodenum of individuals with and without T2D, gradually decreasing along the small intestine with little expression in the large intestine. Ghrelin mRNA expression was not detected in the liver biopsies, and GHSR mRNA expression was not. In conclusion, we provide unique mRNA expression profiles of LEAP2, ghrelin and GHSR along the human intestinal tract showing no T2D-associated changes, and in the liver showing no differences between men with and without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Englund
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Hannah Gilliam-Vigh
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Malte P Suppli
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Lærke S Gasbjerg
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Allé, Bagsværd, Denmark.
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Andreoli MF, Fittipaldi AS, Castrogiovanni D, De Francesco PN, Valdivia S, Heredia F, Ribet-Travers C, Mendez I, Fasano MV, Schioth HB, Doi SA, Habib AM, Perello M. Pre-prandial plasma liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) concentration in humans is inversely associated with hunger sensation in a ghrelin independent manner. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:751-762. [PMID: 38157050 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a newly recognized peptide hormone that acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) blunting the effects of ghrelin and displaying ghrelin-independent actions. Since the implications of LEAP2 are beginning to be elucidated, we investigated if plasma LEAP2 concentration varies with feeding status or sex and whether it is associated with glucose metabolism and appetite sensations. METHODS We performed a single test meal study, in which plasma concentrations of LEAP2, ghrelin, insulin and glucose as well as visual analogue scales for hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, fullness were assessed before and 60 min after breakfast in 44 participants (n = 21 females) with normal weight (NW) or overweight/obesity (OW/OB). RESULTS Pre-prandial plasma LEAP2 concentration was ~ 1.6-fold higher whereas ghrelin was ~ 2.0-fold lower in individuals with OW/OB (p < 0.001) independently of sex. After adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and sex, pre-prandial plasma LEAP2 concentration displayed a direct relationship with BMI (β: 0.09; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.13; p < 0.001), fat mass (β: 0.05; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.09; p = 0.010) and glycemia (β: 0.24; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.43; p = 0.021), whereas plasma ghrelin concentration displayed an inverse relationship with BMI and fat mass but not with glycemia. Postprandial plasma LEAP2 concentration increased ~ 58% in females with OW/OB (p = 0.045) but not in females with NW or in males. Pre-prandial plasma LEAP2 concentration displayed an inverse relationship with hunger score (β: - 11.16; 95% CI: - 18.52, - 3.79; p = 0.004), in a BMI-, sex- and ghrelin-independent manner. CONCLUSIONS LEAP2 emerges as a key hormone implicated in the regulation of metabolism and appetite in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov (April 2023). CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT05815641.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Andreoli
- Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP), HIAEP Sor María Ludovica de la Plata, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Calle 63 # 1069, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Antonela S Fittipaldi
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE). Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y CIC-PBA, Calle 526 S/N Entre 10 y 11, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Castrogiovanni
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE). Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y CIC-PBA, Calle 526 S/N Entre 10 y 11, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE). Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y CIC-PBA, Calle 526 S/N Entre 10 y 11, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Spring Valdivia
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE). Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y CIC-PBA, Calle 526 S/N Entre 10 y 11, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Heredia
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE). Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y CIC-PBA, Calle 526 S/N Entre 10 y 11, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ignacio Mendez
- Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP), HIAEP Sor María Ludovica de la Plata, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Calle 63 # 1069, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Fasano
- Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP), HIAEP Sor María Ludovica de la Plata, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Calle 63 # 1069, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Matemática la Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP/CIC-PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Helgi B Schioth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suhail A Doi
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdella M Habib
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mario Perello
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE). Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y CIC-PBA, Calle 526 S/N Entre 10 y 11, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Gao Z, Luan Y, Li Q, Pang Y, Gou M. Identification of antibacterial activity of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) from primitive vertebrate lamprey. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109413. [PMID: 38311092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a member of the antimicrobial peptides family and plays a key role in the innate immune system of organisms. LEAP2 orthologs have been identified from a variety of fish species, however, its function in primitive vertebrates has not been clarified. In this study, we cloned and identified Lc-LEAP2 from the primitive jawless vertebrate lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum) which includes a 25 amino acids signal peptide and a mature peptide of 47 amino acids. Although sequence similarity was low compared to other species, the mature Lc-LEAP2 possesses four conserved cysteine residues, forming a core structure with two disulfide bonds between the cysteine residues in the relative 1-3 (Cys 58 and Cys 69) and 2-4 (Cys 64 and Cys 74) positions. Lc-LEAP2 was most abundantly expressed in the muscle, supraneural body and buccal gland of lamprey, and was significantly upregulated during LPS and Poly I:C stimulations. The mature peptide was synthesized and characterized for its antibacterial activity against different bacteria. Lc-LEAP2 possessed inhibition of a wide range of bacteria with a dose-dependence, disrupting the integrity of bacterial cell membranes and binding to bacterial genomic DNA, although its inhibitory function is weak compared to that of higher vertebrates. These data suggest that Lc-LEAP2 plays an important role in the innate immunity of lamprey and is of great value in improving resistance to pathogens. In addition, the antimicrobial mechanism of LEAP2 has been highly conserved since its emergence in primitive vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaocen Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Zhanfeng Gao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Department of Urology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yimu Luan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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