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Yong-Quan Ng G, Yang-Wei Fann D, Jo DG, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV. Dietary Restriction and Epigenetics: Part I. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2019; 2:284-299. [PMID: 32039345 PMCID: PMC7007115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological aging occurs concomitantly with chronological aging and is commonly burdened by the development of age-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and a myriad of metabolic diseases. With a current global shift in disease epidemiology associated with aging and the resultant social, economic, and healthcare burdens faced by many countries, the need to achieve successful aging has fueled efforts to address this problem. Aging is a complex biological phenomenon that has confounded much of the historical research effort to understand it, with still limited knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Interestingly, dietary restriction (DR) is one intervention that produces anti-aging effects from simple organisms to mammals. Research into DR has revealed robust systemic effects that can result in attenuation of age-related diseases via a myriad of molecular mechanisms. Given that numerous age-associated diseases are often polygenic and affect individuals differently, it is possible that they are confounded by interactions between environmental influences and the genome, a process termed 'epigenetics'. In part one of the review, we summarize the different variants of DR regimens and their corresponding mechanism(s) and resultant effects, as well as in-depth analysis of current knowledge of the epigenetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Yang-Wei Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Silibinin-induced autophagy mediated by PPARα-sirt1-AMPK pathway participated in the regulation of type I collagen-enhanced migration in murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 450:1-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Brocker CN, Yue J, Kim D, Qu A, Bonzo JA, Gonzalez FJ. Hepatocyte-specific PPARA expression exclusively promotes agonist-induced cell proliferation without influence from nonparenchymal cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G283-G299. [PMID: 28082284 PMCID: PMC5401987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00205.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARA) is a nuclear transcription factor and key mediator of systemic lipid metabolism. Prolonged activation in rodents causes hepatocyte proliferation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Little is known about the contribution of nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) to PPARA-mediated cell proliferation. NPC contribution to PPARA agonist-induced hepatomegaly was assessed in hepatocyte (Ppara△Hep)- and macrophage (Ppara△Mac)-specific Ppara null mice. Mice were treated with the agonist Wy-14643 for 14 days, and response of conditional null mice was compared with conventional knockout mice (Ppara-/- ). Wy-14643 treatment caused weight loss and severe hepatomegaly in wild-type and Ppara△Mac mice, and histological analysis revealed characteristic hepatocyte swelling; Ppara△Hep and Ppara-/- mice were protected from these effects. Ppara△Mac serum chemistries, as well as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, matched wild-type mice. Agonist-treated Ppara△Hep mice had elevated serum cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides when compared with Ppara-/- mice, indicating a possible role for extrahepatic PPARA in regulating circulating lipid levels. BrdU labeling confirmed increased cell proliferation only in wild-type and Ppara△Mac mice. Macrophage PPARA disruption did not impact agonist-induced upregulation of lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, or DNA damage and repair-related gene expression, whereas gene expression was repressed in Ppara△Hep mice. Interestingly, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-15 and IL-18 was dependent on macrophage PPARA. Cell type-specific regulation of target genes was confirmed in primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. These studies conclusively show that cell proliferation is mediated exclusively by PPARA activation in hepatocytes and that Kupffer cell PPARA has an important role in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of PPARA agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad N. Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jiang Yue
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jessica A. Bonzo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Shi J, Zhang X, Wang S, Wang J, Du B, Wang Z, Liu M, Jiang W, Qian M, Ren H. Gpr97 is dispensable for metabolic syndrome but is involved in macrophage inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24649. [PMID: 27089991 PMCID: PMC4835759 DOI: 10.1038/srep24649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Local inflammation in tissues is one of primary causes in development of metabolic disorder in obesity. The accumulation of macrophages in some tissues can induce inflammatory reactions in obesity. Gpr97 is highly expressed in some immunocytes, but its potential role in inflammatory regulation has not been revealed clearly. In our research, we investigated Gpr97 in regulating macrophage inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The major metabolic phenotyping were not different after Gpr97 knockout in HFD-fed mice. Similar pathological alterations in adipose tissue, liver, and kidney were observed in Gpr97−/− HFD mice compared with WT-HFD mice. In white adipose tissue, loss of Gpr97 reduced the ratio of M1-macrophages and increased the M2-macrophage ratio, which was opposite to that seen in the wild-type HFD mice. More macrophages invaded in the liver and kidney after Gpr97 knockout in HFD mice. Furthermore, the levels of TNF-α were higher in the liver and kidney of Gpr97−/− HFD mice compared to those in wild-type HFD mice. The data indicate that Gpr97 might be required for local inflammation development in obesity-relative tissues, but does not play a role in metabolic disorder in HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueping Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoying Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Liu GZ, Hou TT, Yuan Y, Hang PZ, Zhao JJ, Sun L, Zhao GQ, Zhao J, Dong JM, Wang XB, Shi H, Liu YW, Zhou JH, Dong ZX, Liu Y, Zhan CC, Li Y, Li WM. Fenofibrate inhibits atrial metabolic remodelling in atrial fibrillation through PPAR-α/sirtuin 1/PGC-1α pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1095-109. [PMID: 26787506 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atrial metabolic remodelling is critical for the process of atrial fibrillation (AF). The PPAR-α/sirtuin 1 /PPAR co-activator α (PGC-1α) pathway plays an important role in maintaining energy metabolism. However, the effect of the PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate on AF is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of fenofibrate on atrial metabolic remodelling in AF and explore its possible mechanisms of action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expression of metabolic proteins was examined in the left atria of AF patients. Thirty-two rabbits were divided into sham, AF (pacing with 600 beats·min(-1) for 1 week), fenofibrate treated (pretreated with fenofibrate before pacing) and fenofibrate alone treated (for 2 weeks) groups. HL-1 cells were subjected to rapid pacing in the presence or absence of fenofibrate, the PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 or sirtuin 1-specific inhibitor EX527. Metabolic factors, circulating biochemical metabolites, atrial electrophysiology, adenine nucleotide levels and accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets were assessed. KEY RESULTS The PPAR-α/sirtuin 1/PGC-1α pathway was significantly inhibited in AF patients and in the rabbit/HL-1 cell models, resulting in a reduction of key downstream metabolic factors; this effect was significantly restored by fenofibrate. Fenofibrate prevented the alterations in circulating biochemical metabolites, reduced the level of adenine nucleotides and accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets, reversed the shortened atrial effective refractory period and increased risk of AF. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Fenofibrate inhibited atrial metabolic remodelling in AF by regulating the PPAR-α/sirtuin 1/PGC-1α pathway. The present study may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Zhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guan-Qi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart, Failure of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Mei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Wu Liu
- Centre for Drug Safety Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhou
- Department of Morphology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zeng-Xiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart, Failure of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cheng-Chuang Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart, Failure of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart, Failure of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Noureldein MH, Abd El-Razek RS, El-Hefnawy MH, El-Mesallamy HO. Fenofibrate reduces inflammation in obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus via sirtuin 1/fetuin A axis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:513-20. [PMID: 26105582 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of fenofibrate alone and in combination with pioglitazone on serum sirtuin 1 and fetuin A of obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Intervention effect on inflammatory parameters was assessed before and after treatment. The study was conducted on 60 postmenopausal females of whom, only 44 patients completed the study. They were distributed as follows; obese patients without T2DM (n=15) who administered fenofibrate (160 mg/day) once for 8 weeks, obese patients with T2DM (n=15) who administered fenofibrate (160 mg/day) once for 8 weeks, obese patients with T2DM (n=14) who administered fenofibrate (160 mg/day) and pioglitazone (15 mg/day) combination once for 8 weeks. We measured fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipids. Inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C-reactive protein "hs-CRP", interleukin-6 "IL-6", fetuin A, and sirtuin 1) of patients were measured in serum using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS Sirtuin 1 levels in obese patients with T2DM were significantly lower than its levels in obese patients while fetuin A levels were significantly higher (P<0.001). Fenofibrate, alone and in combination with pioglitazone, significantly decreased triacylglycerol, hs-CRP, IL-6, fetuin A and increased sirtuin 1 levels (P<0.001) which suggests that it can be used to delay the complications of obesity and T2DM. There is a strong correlation between fetuin A, sirtuin 1, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels suggesting a shared common pathway. CONCLUSIONS Fenofibrate was shown to increase serum sirtuin 1 and decrease serum fetuin A levels in obese patients. TRIAL NUMBER PACTR201407000856135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Noureldein
- BSc of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teaching Assistant at Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania S Abd El-Razek
- Lecturer of Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H El-Hefnawy
- Professor of endocrinology and Dean of the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala O El-Mesallamy
- Professor of Biochemistry and Vice Dean of Postgraduate and Research Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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