1
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Conkright WR, Kargl CK, Hubal MJ, Tiede DR, Beckner ME, Sterczala AJ, Krajewski KT, Martin BJ, Flanagan SD, Greeves JP, O'Leary TJ, Wardle SL, Sahu A, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. Acute Resistance Exercise Modifies Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs Targeting Anabolic Gene Pathways: A Prospective Cohort Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1225-1232. [PMID: 38377006 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training confers numerous health benefits that are mediated in part by circulating factors. Toward an enhanced molecular understanding, there is growing interest in a class of signaling biomarkers called extracellular vesicles (EV). EVs support physiological adaptations to exercise by transporting their cargo (e.g., microRNA (miRNA)) to target cells. Previous studies of changes in EV cargo have focused on aerobic exercise, with limited data examining the effects of resistance exercise. We examined the effect of acute resistance exercise on circulating EV miRNAs and their predicted target pathways. METHODS Ten participants (5 men; age, 26.9 ± 5.5 yr; height, 173.4 ± 10.5 cm; body mass, 74.0 ± 11.1 kg; body fat, 25.7% ± 11.6%) completed an acute heavy resistance exercise test (AHRET) consisting of six sets of 10 repetitions of back squats using 75% one-repetition maximum. Pre-/post-AHRET, EVs were isolated from plasma using size exclusion chromatography, and RNA sequencing was performed. Differentially expressed miRNAs between pre- and post-AHRET EVs were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to predict target messenger RNAs and their target biological pathways. RESULTS Overall, 34 miRNAs were altered by AHRET ( P < 0.05), targeting 4895 mRNAs, with enrichment of 175 canonical pathways ( P < 0.01), including 12 related to growth/metabolism (p53, IGF-I, STAT3, PPAR, JAK/STAT, growth hormone, WNT/β-catenin, ERK/MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, and PI3K/AKT) and 8 to inflammation signaling (TGF-β, IL-8, IL-7, IL-3, IL-6, IL-2, IL-17, IL-10). CONCLUSIONS Acute resistance exercise alters EV miRNAs targeting pathways involved in growth, metabolism, and immune function. Circulating EVs may serve as significant adaptive signaling molecules influenced by exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chris K Kargl
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dakota R Tiede
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam J Sterczala
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kellen T Krajewski
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian J Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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2
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Wang Y, Ding S. Extracellular vesicles in cancer cachexia: deciphering pathogenic roles and exploring therapeutic horizons. J Transl Med 2024; 22:506. [PMID: 38802952 PMCID: PMC11129506 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating syndrome that affects 50-80% of cancer patients, varying in incidence by cancer type and significantly diminishing their quality of life. This multifactorial syndrome is characterized by muscle and fat loss, systemic inflammation, and metabolic imbalance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, play a crucial role in the progression of CC. These vesicles, produced by cancer cells and others within the tumor environment, facilitate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. A comprehensive review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science reveals insights into the formation, release, and uptake of EVs in CC, underscoring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The review also explores therapeutic strategies targeting EVs, which include modifying their release and content, utilizing them for drug delivery, genetically altering their contents, and inhibiting key cachexia pathways. Understanding the role of EVs in CC opens new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, potentially mitigating the syndrome's impact on patient survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shengguang Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China.
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3
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Chong MC, Shah AD, Schittenhelm RB, Silva A, James PF, Wu SSX, Howitt J. Acute exercise-induced release of innate immune proteins via small extracellular vesicles changes with aerobic fitness and age. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14095. [PMID: 38243724 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Physical exercise triggers the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) into the circulation in humans, enabling signalling crosstalk between tissues. Exercise-derived EVs and their cargo have been proposed to mediate adaptations to exercise; however, our understanding of how exercise-derived EV protein cargo is modulated by factors such as aerobic fitness and age of an individual is currently unknown. Here, we examined the circulating sEV proteome following aerobic exercise in healthy males of different ages and aerobic fitness to understand exercise-induced EV response during the aging process. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy men completed a bout of 20-min cycling exercise at 70% estimated VO2peak . Small EVs were isolated from blood samples collected before and immediately after exercise, and then quantified using particle analysis and Western blotting. Small EV proteome was examined using quantitative proteomic analysis. RESULTS We identified a significant increase in 13 proteins in small plasma EVs following moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise. We observed distinct changes in sEV proteome after exercise in young, mature, unfit, and fit individuals, highlighting the impact of aerobic fitness and age on sEV protein secretion. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis identified that the majority of the significantly altered sEV proteins are associated with the innate immune system, including proteins known to be damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). CONCLUSION Together, our findings suggest that exercise-evoked acute stress can positively challenge the innate immune system through the release of signalling molecules such as DAMPs in sEVs, proposing a novel EV-based mechanism for moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise in immune surveillance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Chee Chong
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anabel Silva
- Exopharm Limited, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sam Shi Xuan Wu
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Howitt
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Darragh IAJ, McNamee N, Daly R, Pacheco SM, O'Driscoll L, Egan B. The separation and identification of circulating small extracellular vesicles from endurance-trained, strength-trained and recreationally active men. J Physiol 2023; 601:5075-5091. [PMID: 37725436 DOI: 10.1113/jp285170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-encapsulated particles that carry bioactive cargoes, are released by all cell types and are present in all human biofluids. Changes in EV profiles and abundance occur in response to acute exercise, but this study investigated whether individuals with divergent histories of exercise training (recreationally active controls - CON; endurance-trained - END; strength-trained - STR) presented with varied abundances of small EVs in resting samples and whether the abundance of small EVs differed within each group across two measurement days. Participants (n = 38, all male; CON n = 12, END n = 13, STR n = 13) arrived at the lab on two separate occasions in a rested, overnight fasted state, with standardisation of time of day of sampling, recent dietary intake, time since last meal and time since last exercise training session (∼40 h). Whole blood samples were collected and separated into plasma from which small EVs were separated using size exclusion chromatography and identified in accordance with the Minimal Information For Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) guidelines. No differences in the abundance of small EVs were observed within or between groups across multiple methods of small EV identification (nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, immunoblot of specific EV markers). Targeted metabolomics of the small EV preparations identified 96 metabolites that were associated with the structure and function of small EVs, with no statistically significant differences in concentrations observed across groups. The results of the current study suggest that the abundance and metabolomic profile of small EVs derived from men with divergent histories of exercise training are similar to those in resting blood samples. KEY POINTS: Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-encapsulated particles that are present in circulation and carry bioactive materials as 'cargo'. The abundance and profile of small EVs are responsive to acute exercise, but little is known about the relationship between small EVs and exercise training. This study examined the abundance, and a targeted metabolomic profile, of small EVs separated from the blood of endurance athletes, strength athletes and recreationally active controls at rest (∼40 h after the most recent exercise session) on two separate but identical lab visits. No differences were observed in the abundance or metabolomic profile of small EV preparations between the groups or between the lab visits within each group. Further research should determine whether the bioactive cargoes (e.g. RNA, protein and additional metabolites) carried within EVs are altered in individuals with divergent histories of exercise training or in response to exercise training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A J Darragh
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh McNamee
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Róisín Daly
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarai Martinez Pacheco
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
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5
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McIlvenna LC, Parker H, Seabright AP, Sale B, Anghileri G, Weaver SR, Lucas SJ, Whitham M. Single vesicle analysis reveals the release of tetraspanin positive extracellular vesicles into circulation with high intensity intermittent exercise. J Physiol 2023; 601:5093-5106. [PMID: 36855276 PMCID: PMC10953002 DOI: 10.1113/jp284047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are released from all cell types and participate in the intercellular exchange of proteins, lipids, metabolites and nucleic acids. Proteomic, flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analyses suggest sEVs are released into circulation with exercise. However, interpretation of these data may be influenced by sources of bias introduced by different analytical approaches. Seven healthy participants carried out a high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) cycle protocol consisting of 4 × 30 s at a work-rate corresponding to 200% of individual max power (watts) interspersed by 4.5 min of active recovery. EDTA-treated blood was collected before and immediately after the final effort. Platelet-poor (PPP) and platelet-free (PFP) plasma was derived by one or two centrifugal spins at 2500 g, respectively (15 min, room temperature). Platelets were counted on an automated haemocytometer. Plasma samples were assessed with the Exoview R100 platform, which immobilises sEVs expressing common tetraspanin markers CD9, CD63, CD81 and CD41a on microfluidic chips and with the aid of fluorescence imaging, counts their abundance at a single sEV resolution, importantly, without a pre-isolation step. There was a lower number of platelets in the PFP than PPP, which was associated with a lower number of CD9, CD63 and CD41a positive sEVs. HIIT induced an increase in fluorescence counts in CD9, CD63 and CD81 positive sEVs in both PPP and PFP. These data support the concept that sEVs are released into circulation with exercise. Furthermore, platelet-free plasma is the preferred, representative analyte to study sEV dynamics and phenotype during exercise. KEY POINTS: Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are nano-sized particles containing protein, metabolites, lipid and RNA that can be transferred from cell to cell. Previous findings implicate that sEVs are released into circulation with exhaustive, aerobic exercise, but since there is no gold standard method to isolate sEVs, these findings may be subject to bias introduced by different approaches. Here, we use a novel method to immobilise and image sEVs, at single-vesicle resolution, to show sEVs are released into circulation with high intensity intermittent exercise. Since platelet depletion of plasma results in a reduction in sEVs, platelet-free plasma is the preferred analyte to examine sEV dynamics and phenotype in the context of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. McIlvenna
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Hannah‐Jade Parker
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Alex P. Seabright
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Benedict Sale
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Genevieve Anghileri
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Samuel R.C. Weaver
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Samuel J.E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Martin Whitham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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6
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Iijima H, Wang K, D'Amico E, Tang WY, Rogers RJ, Jakicic JM, Ambrosio F. Exercise-primed extracellular vesicles improve cell-matrix adhesion and chondrocyte health. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2958821. [PMID: 37333349 PMCID: PMC10274961 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2958821/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested to transmit the health-promoting effects of exercise throughout the body. Yet, the mechanisms by which beneficial information is transmitted from extracellular vesicles to recipient cells are poorly understood, precluding a holistic understanding of how exercise promotes cellular and tissue health. In this study, using articular cartilage as a model, we introduced a network medicine paradigm to simulate how exercise facilitates communication between circulating EVs and chondrocytes, the cells resident in articular cartilage. Using the archived small RNA-seq data of EV before and after aerobic exercise, microRNA regulatory network analysis based on network propagation inferred that circulating EVs activated by aerobic exercise perturb chondrocyte-matrix interactions and downstream cellular aging processes. Building on the mechanistic framework identified through computational analyses, follow up experimental studies interrogated the direct influence of exercise on EV-mediated chondrocyte-matrix interactions. We found that pathogenic matrix signaling in chondrocytes was abrogated in the presence of exercise-primed EVs, restoring a more youthful phenotype, as determined by chondrocyte morphological profiling and evaluation of chondrogenicity. Epigenetic reprograming of the gene encoding the longevity protein, α-Klotho, mediated these effects. These studies provide mechanistic evidence that exercise transduces rejuvenation signals to circulating EVs, endowing EVs with the capacity to ameliorate cellular health even in the presence of an unfavorable microenvironmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Iijima
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Biomedical and Health Informatics Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kai Wang
- Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding, Boston, MA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ella D'Amico
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Renee J Rogers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - John M Jakicic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding, Boston, MA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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7
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Abolbaghaei A, Mohammad S, da Silva DF, Hutchinson KA, Myette RL, Adamo KB, Burger D. Impact of acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on circulating extracellular vesicles in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:198-208. [PMID: 36661228 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exercise improves cardiovascular and metabolic health in pregnancy and may represent a non-pharmacological approach to improving pregnancy outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and offer the potential for evaluating vascular health non-invasively during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in circulating EV levels after an acute bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women. We studied plasma samples from pregnant (N = 13, 13-28 weeks) and non-pregnant (N = 17) women. A pre-exercise blood sample was obtained followed by a 30 min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill-based exercise. Immediately following the exercise, a post-exercise blood draw was collected. Large EVs were isolated from plasma by differential centrifugation and characterized by Western blot and electron microscopy. We quantified circulating EVs by nanoscale flow cytometry. Endothelial EVs were identified as VE-Cadherin+, platelet EVs as CD41+, and leukocyte EVs as CD45+ events. Acute exercise was associated with a significant reduction in levels of circulating endothelial EVs in the non-pregnant group (p = 0.0232) but not in the pregnant group (p = 0.2734). A greater proportion of non-pregnant women (13/17, 76.47%) exhibited a reduction in endothelial EVs compared with their pregnant counterparts (4/13, 30.76%, p < 0.05). We also observed a positive association between measures of fitness (average speed) and baseline levels of platelet (r = 0.5816, p = 0.0159) and total EVs (r = 0.5325, p = 0.0296) in the non-pregnant group but not in pregnant individuals. Collectively, our study highlights that after a matched acute exercise, changes to circulating EV levels differ depending on pregnancy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Abolbaghaei
- Chronic Disease Program, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 2513-/451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kelly Ann Hutchinson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert L Myette
- Chronic Disease Program, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 2513-/451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Chronic Disease Program, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 2513-/451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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8
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Barros D, Marques EA, Magalhães J, Carvalho J. Energy metabolism and frailty: The potential role of exercise-induced myokines - A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101780. [PMID: 36334911 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a complex condition that emerges from dysregulation in multiple physiological systems. Increasing evidence suggests the potential role of age-related energy dysregulation as a key driver of frailty. Exercise is considered the most efficacious intervention to prevent and even ameliorate frailty as it up-tunes and improves the function of several related systems. However, the mechanisms and molecules responsible for these intersystem benefits are not fully understood. The skeletal muscle is considered a secretory organ with endocrine functions that can produce and secrete exercise-related molecules such as myokines. These molecules are cytokines and other peptides released by muscle fibers in response to acute and/or chronic exercise. The available evidence supports that several myokines can elicit autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects, partly mediating inter-organ crosstalk and also having a critical role in improving cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological health. This review describes the current evidence about the potential link between energy metabolism dysregulation and frailty and provides a theoretical framework for the potential role of myokines (via exercise) in counteracting frailty. It also summarizes the physiological role of selected myokines and their response to different acute and chronic exercise protocols in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Barros
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elisa A Marques
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia (ISMAI), Portugal; School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - José Magalhães
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Chen H, Chen C, Spanos M, Li G, Lu R, Bei Y, Xiao J. Exercise training maintains cardiovascular health: signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:306. [PMID: 36050310 PMCID: PMC9437103 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been widely recognized as a healthy lifestyle as well as an effective non-drug therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Functional and mechanistic studies that employ animal exercise models as well as observational and interventional cohort studies with human participants, have contributed considerably in delineating the essential signaling pathways by which exercise promotes cardiovascular fitness and health. First, this review summarizes the beneficial impact of exercise on multiple aspects of cardiovascular health. We then discuss in detail the signaling pathways mediating exercise's benefits for cardiovascular health. The exercise-regulated signaling cascades have been shown to confer myocardial protection and drive systemic adaptations. The signaling molecules that are necessary for exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy have the potential to attenuate myocardial injury and reverse cardiac remodeling. Exercise-regulated noncoding RNAs and their associated signaling pathways are also discussed in detail for their roles and mechanisms in exercise-induced cardioprotective effects. Moreover, we address the exercise-mediated signaling pathways and molecules that can serve as potential therapeutic targets ranging from pharmacological approaches to gene therapies in CVD. We also discuss multiple factors that influence exercise's effect and highlight the importance and need for further investigations regarding the exercise-regulated molecules as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for CVD as well as the cross talk between the heart and other tissues or organs during exercise. We conclude that a deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in exercise's benefits for cardiovascular health will undoubtedly contribute to the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets and strategies for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yihua Bei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. .,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. .,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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10
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Faraldi M, Sansoni V, Perego S, Gomarasca M, Gerosa L, Ponzetti M, Rucci N, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Acute changes in free and extracellular vesicle-associated circulating miRNAs and myokine profile in professional sky-runners during the Gran Sasso d’Italia vertical run. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:915080. [PMID: 36090046 PMCID: PMC9459384 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.915080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of gene expression profile, a first step in adaptation to exercise, leads to changes in the level of molecules associated with skeletal muscle activity and energy metabolism—such as myokines—as well as those involved in their transcriptional regulation, like microRNA. This study aimed to investigate the influence of strenuous exercise on circulating microRNAs and their possible association with myokine response. Pre-competition and post-competition plasma samples were collected from 14 male athletes participating in a vertical run (+1,000 m gain, 3,600 m length). Circulating total (t-miRNA) and extracellular vesicle-associated (EV-miRNA) miRNAs were extracted from the pooled plasma. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was performed to investigate pre- and post-competition EV concentration and size distribution. A panel of 179 miRNAs was assayed by qPCR and analyzed by Exiqon GenEx v6 normalized on the global mean. t-miRNA and EV-miRNAs whose level was ≥5-fold up- or down-regulated were validated for each single subject. Target prediction on MirWalk v3.0, Gene-Ontology, and pathway enrichment analysis on Panther v17.0 were performed to define the potential biological role of the identified miRNAs. A panel of 14 myokines was assayed in each sample by a multiplex immunoassay. In whole plasma, five miRNAs were upregulated and two were downregulated; in the EV fraction, five miRNAs were upregulated and three were downregulated. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed a similar EV size distribution in pre- and post-competition samples and a decreased concentration in post-competition samples related to pre-competition samples. Gene-Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified t-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs were potentially involved in metabolism regulation in response to exercise. Correlation between fold-change of the post-competition relative to pre-competition plasma level of both t-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs and myokines further confirmed these results. This study provides an example of a systemic response to acute endurance exercise, in which circulating miRNAs play a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - V. Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: S. Perego,
| | - M. Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - L. Gerosa
- Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Foundation, Milano, Italy
| | - M. Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - N. Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - G. Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - G. Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Polska
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11
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Chen K, Li Y, Xu L, Qian Y, Liu N, Zhou C, Liu J, Zhou L, Xu Z, Jia R, Ge YZ. Comprehensive insight into endothelial progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a promising candidate for disease treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:238. [PMID: 35672766 PMCID: PMC9172199 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are a type of stem cell, have been found to have strong angiogenic and tissue repair capabilities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain many effective components, such as cellular proteins, microRNAs, messenger RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, and can be secreted by different cell types. The functions of EVs depend mainly on their parent cells. Many researchers have conducted functional studies of EPC-derived EVs (EPC-EVs) and showed that they exhibit therapeutic effects on many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, acute lung injury, and sepsis. In this review article, we comprehensively summarized the biogenesis and functions of EPCs and EVs and the potent role of EPC-EVs in the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the current problems and future prospects have been discussed, and further studies are needed to compare the therapeutic effects of EVs derived from various stem cells, which will contribute to the accelerated translation of these applications in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Luwei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiguan Qian
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Zheng Ge
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Vann CG, Zhang X, Khodabukus A, Orenduff MC, Chen YH, Corcoran DL, Truskey GA, Bursac N, Kraus VB. Differential microRNA profiles of intramuscular and secreted extracellular vesicles in human tissue-engineered muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:937899. [PMID: 36091396 PMCID: PMC9452896 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.937899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise affects the expression of microRNAs (miR/s) and muscle-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). To evaluate sarcoplasmic and secreted miR expression in human skeletal muscle in response to exercise-mimetic contractile activity, we utilized a three-dimensional tissue-engineered model of human skeletal muscle ("myobundles"). Myobundles were subjected to three culture conditions: no electrical stimulation (CTL), chronic low frequency stimulation (CLFS), or intermittent high frequency stimulation (IHFS) for 7 days. RNA was isolated from myobundles and from extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by myobundles into culture media; miR abundance was analyzed by miRNA-sequencing. We used edgeR and a within-sample design to evaluate differential miR expression and Pearson correlation to evaluate correlations between myobundle and EV populations within treatments with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Numerous miRs were differentially expressed between myobundles and EVs; 116 miRs were differentially expressed within CTL, 3 within CLFS, and 2 within IHFS. Additionally, 25 miRs were significantly correlated (18 in CTL, 5 in CLFS, 2 in IHFS) between myobundles and EVs. Electrical stimulation resulted in differential expression of 8 miRs in myobundles and only 1 miR in EVs. Several KEGG pathways, known to play a role in regulation of skeletal muscle, were enriched, with differentially overrepresented miRs between myobundle and EV populations identified using miEAA. Together, these results demonstrate that in vitro exercise-mimetic contractile activity of human engineered muscle affects both their expression of miRs and number of secreted EVs. These results also identify novel miRs of interest for future studies of the role of exercise in organ-organ interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Vann
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Melissa C Orenduff
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yu-Hsiu Chen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David L Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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13
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Exercise mimetics: harnessing the therapeutic effects of physical activity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:862-879. [PMID: 34103713 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise mimetics are a proposed class of therapeutics that specifically mimic or enhance the therapeutic effects of exercise. Increased physical activity has demonstrated positive effects in preventing and ameliorating a wide range of diseases, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer disease and dementia, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways associated with the beneficial effects of physical activity, focusing on effects on brain function and cognitive enhancement. Emerging therapeutic targets and strategies for the development of exercise mimetics, particularly in the field of central nervous system disorders, as well as the associated opportunities and challenges, are discussed.
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14
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Liu J, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Commere PH, Yang Y, Zhou F, Forterre P, Shen Y, Krupovic M. Archaeal extracellular vesicles are produced in an ESCRT-dependent manner and promote gene transfer and nutrient cycling in extreme environments. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2892-2905. [PMID: 33903726 PMCID: PMC8443754 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by cells from all three domains of life, transport various molecules and act as agents of intercellular communication in diverse environments. Here we demonstrate that EVs produced by a hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus carry not only a diverse proteome, enriched in membrane proteins, but also chromosomal and plasmid DNA, and can transfer this DNA to recipient cells. Furthermore, we show that EVs can support the heterotrophic growth of Sulfolobus in minimal medium, implicating EVs in carbon and nitrogen fluxes in extreme environments. Finally, our results indicate that, similar to eukaryotes, production of EVs in S. islandicus depends on the archaeal ESCRT machinery. We find that all components of the ESCRT apparatus are encapsidated into EVs. Using synchronized S. islandicus cultures, we show that EV production is linked to cell division and appears to be triggered by increased expression of ESCRT proteins during this cell cycle phase. Using a CRISPR-based knockdown system, we show that archaeal ESCRT-III and AAA+ ATPase Vps4 are required for EV production, whereas archaea-specific component CdvA appears to be dispensable. In particular, the active EV production appears to coincide with the expression patterns of ESCRT-III-1 and ESCRT-III-2, rather than ESCRT-III, suggesting a prime role of these proteins in EV budding. Collectively, our results suggest that ESCRT-mediated EV biogenesis has deep evolutionary roots, likely predating the divergence of eukaryotes and archaea, and that EVs play an important role in horizontal gene transfer and nutrient cycling in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174CRISPR and Archaea Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre-Henri Commere
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Flow Cytometry Platform, Paris, France
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174CRISPR and Archaea Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174CRISPR and Archaea Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Patrick Forterre
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yulong Shen
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174CRISPR and Archaea Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mart Krupovic
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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15
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Kobayashi Y, Eguchi A, Tamai Y, Fukuda S, Tempaku M, Izuoka K, Iwasa M, Takei Y, Togashi K. Protein Composition of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Immediately Changed by Particular Short Time of High-Intensity Interval Training Exercise. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693007. [PMID: 34276412 PMCID: PMC8280769 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Purpose High-intensity interval training (HIIT) promotes various biological processes and metabolic effects in multiple organs, but the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from a variety of cells is not fully understood during HIIT exercise (HIIT-Ex). We investigated the changes in circulating number and proteomic profile of EVs to assess the effect of HIIT-Ex. Methods Seventeen young men (median age, 20 years) were enrolled in the study. Total duration of the HIIT-Ex was 4 min. Blood samples were collected from before HIIT-Ex (pre-HIIT-Ex), at the immediate conclusion of HIIT-Ex (T0), at 30 min (T30), and at 120 min after HIIT-Ex. The pulse rate and systolic blood pressure were measured. Circulating EVs were characterized, and EV proteins were detected via nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results The pulse rate and systolic blood pressure at T0 to pre-HIIT-Ex were significantly higher. Circulating EV number was significantly altered throughout the HIIT-Ex, and the source of circulating EVs included skeletal muscle, hepatocytes, and adipose tissue. Proteomic analysis identified a total of 558 proteins within isolated circulating EVs from pre-HIIT-Ex, T0, and T30. Twenty proteins in total were significantly changed at pre-HIIT-Ex, T0, and T30 and are involved in a variety of pathways, such as activation of coagulation cascades, cellular oxidant detoxification, and correction of acid–base imbalance. Catalase and peroxiredoxin II were increased at T0. Conclusion The circulating EV composition can be immediately changed by particularly a short time of HIIT-Ex, indicating that EVs may intercommunicate across various organs rapidly in response to HIIT-Ex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Kobayashi
- Center for Physical and Mental Health, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,JST, PRETO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tamai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Sanae Fukuda
- Department of Health Welfare Sciences, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, Japan
| | - Mina Tempaku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kiyora Izuoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Togashi
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Mie University Faculty of Education, Tsu, Japan
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16
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Neuberger EWI, Hillen B, Mayr K, Simon P, Krämer-Albers EM, Brahmer A. Kinetics and Topology of DNA Associated with Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Released during Exercise. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:522. [PMID: 33918465 PMCID: PMC8065814 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry DNA cargo, the association of cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) and EVs in plasma of healthy humans remains elusive. Using a physiological exercise model, where EVs and cfDNA are synchronously released, we aimed to characterize the kinetics and localization of DNA associated with EVs. EVs were separated from human plasma using size exclusion chromatography or immuno-affinity capture for CD9+, CD63+, and CD81+ EVs. DNA was quantified with an ultra-sensitive qPCR assay targeting repetitive LINE elements, with or without DNase digestion. This model shows that a minute part of circulating cell-free DNA is associated with EVs. During rest and following exercise, only 0.12% of the total cfDNA occurs in association with CD9+/CD63+/CD81+EVs. DNase digestion experiments indicate that the largest part of EV associated DNA is sensitive to DNase digestion and only ~20% are protected within the lumen of the separated EVs. A single bout of running or cycling exercise increases the levels of EVs, cfDNA, and EV-associated DNA. While EV surface DNA is increasing, DNAse-resistant DNA remains at resting levels, indicating that EVs released during exercise (ExerVs) do not contain DNA. Consequently, DNA is largely associated with the outer surface of circulating EVs. ExerVs recruit cfDNA to their corona, but do not carry DNA in their lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmo W. I. Neuberger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (B.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Barlo Hillen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (B.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Katharina Mayr
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (K.M.); (E.-M.K.-A.)
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (B.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (K.M.); (E.-M.K.-A.)
| | - Alexandra Brahmer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (B.H.); (P.S.)
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (K.M.); (E.-M.K.-A.)
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17
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Newman LA, Fahmy A, Sorich MJ, Best OG, Rowland A, Useckaite Z. Importance of between and within Subject Variability in Extracellular Vesicle Abundance and Cargo when Performing Biomarker Analyses. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030485. [PMID: 33668220 PMCID: PMC7996254 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) have emerged as a potential rich source of biomarkers in human blood and present the intriguing potential for a 'liquid biopsy' to track disease and the effectiveness of interventions. Recently, we have further demonstrated the potential for EV derived biomarkers to account for variability in drug exposure. This study sought to evaluate the variability in abundance and cargo of global and liver-specific circulating sEV, within (diurnal) and between individuals in a cohort of healthy subjects (n = 10). We present normal ranges for EV concentration and size and expression of generic EV protein markers and the liver-specific asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) in samples collected in the morning and afternoon. EV abundance and cargo was generally not affected by fasting, except CD9 which exhibited a statistically significant increase (p = 0.018). Diurnal variability was observed in the expression of CD81 and ASGR1, which significantly decreased (p = 0.011) and increased (p = 0.009), respectively. These results have potential implications for study sampling protocols and normalisation of biomarker data when considering the expression of sEV derived cargo as a biomarker strategy. Specifically, the novel finding that liver-specific EVs exhibit diurnal variability in healthy subjects should have broad implications in the study of drug metabolism and development of minimally invasive biomarkers for liver disease.
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