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Paeng SH, Jung WK, Park WS, Lee DS, Kim GY, Choi YH, Seo SK, Jang WH, Choi JS, Lee YM, Park S, Choi IW. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester reduces the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor through the inhibition of the ROS, PI3K and HIF-1α signaling pathways in human retinal pigment epithelial cells under hypoxic conditions. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1419-26. [PMID: 25738890 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) can lead to progressive and severe visual loss. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes the development of CNV. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a biologically active component of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) propolis, has been demonstrated to have several interesting biological regulatory properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment with CAPE results in the inhibition of the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) under hypoxic conditions and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. An in vitro experimental model of hypoxia was used to mimic an ischemic microenvironment for the RPE cells. Human RPE cells (ARPE-19) were exposed to hypoxia with or without CAPE pre-treatment. ARPE-19 cells were used to investigate the pathway involved in the regulation of VEGF production under hypoxic conditions, based on western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The amount of VEGF released from the hypoxia-exposed cells was significantly higher than that of the normoxic controls. Pre-treatment with CAPE suppressed the hypoxia-induced production of VEGF in the ARPE-19 cells, and this effect was inhibited through the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression. These in vitro findings suggest that CAPE may prove to be a novel anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of diseases associated with CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwa Paeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kil Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sik Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saegwang Park
- Department of Microbiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Lu J, Roth RA, Malle E, Ganey PE. Roles of the hemostatic system and neutrophils in liver injury from co-exposure to amiodarone and lipopolysaccharide. Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:51-62. [PMID: 23912913 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that co-treatment of rats with amiodarone (AMD) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces idiosyncrasy-like liver injury. In this study, the hypothesis that the hemostatic system and neutrophils contribute to AMD/LPS-induced liver injury was explored. Rats were treated with AMD (400 mg/kg, ip) or vehicle and 16 h later with LPS (1.6×10⁶ endotoxin units/kg, iv) or saline (Sal). AMD did not affect the hemostatic system by itself but significantly potentiated LPS-induced coagulation activation and fibrinolysis impairment. Increased hepatic fibrin deposition and subsequent hypoxia were observed only in AMD/LPS-treated animals, starting before the onset of liver injury. Administration of anticoagulant heparin abolished AMD/LPS-induced hepatic fibrin deposition and reduced AMD/LPS-induced liver damage. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) accumulated in liver after treatment with LPS or AMD/LPS, but PMN activation was only observed in AMD/LPS-treated rats. Rabbit anti-rat PMN serum, which reduced accumulation of PMNs in liver, prevented PMN activation and attenuated AMD/LPS-induced liver injury in rats. PMN depletion did not affect hepatic fibrin deposition. Anticoagulation prevented PMN activation without affecting PMN accumulation. In summary, both the hemostatic system alteration and PMN activation contributed to AMD/LPS-induced liver injury in rats, in which fibrin deposition was critical for the activation of PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Lu
- * Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Hoenderdos K, Condliffe A. The Neutrophil in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Too Little, Too Late or Too Much, Too Soon? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:531-9. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0492tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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