De Giovanni M, Cutillo V, Giladi A, Sala E, Maganuco CG, Medaglia C, Di Lucia P, Bono E, Cristofani C, Consolo E, Giustini L, Fiore A, Eickhoff S, Kastenmüller W, Amit I, Kuka M, Iannacone M. Spatiotemporal regulation of type I interferon expression determines the antiviral polarization of CD4
+ T cells.
Nat Immunol 2020;
21:321-30. [PMID:
32066949 DOI:
10.1038/s41590-020-0596-6]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of CD4+ T cells into either follicular helper T (TFH) or type 1 helper T (TH1) cells influences the balance between humoral and cellular adaptive immunity, but the mechanisms whereby pathogens elicit distinct effector cells are incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of CD4+ T cells during infection with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which induces early, potent neutralizing antibodies or recombinant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), which induces a vigorous cellular response, but inefficient neutralizing antibodies, expressing the same T cell epitope. Early exposure of dendritic cells to type I interferon (IFN), which occurred during infection with VSV, induced the production of the cytokine IL-6 and drove TFH cell polarization, while late exposure to type I IFN, which occurred during infection with LCMV, did not induce IL-6 and allowed differentiation into TH1 cells. Thus, tight spatiotemporal regulation of type I IFN shapes antiviral CD4+ T cell differentiation, and might instruct vaccine design strategies.
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