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Sato Y, Sato W, Maruyama S, Wilcox CS, Falck JR, Masuda T, Kosugi T, Kojima H, Maeda K, Furuhashi K, Ando M, Imai E, Matsuo S, Kadomatsu K. Midkine Regulates BP through Cytochrome P450-Derived Eicosanoids. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:1806-15. [PMID: 25377079 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors have been attributed to cytochrome P450-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), but the regulation and role of EETs in endothelial dysfunction remain largely unexplored. Hypertension is a primary risk factor for renal dysfunction, which is frequently accompanied by various systemic diseases induced by endothelial dysfunction in the microcirculation. We previously reported that the endothelial growth factor midkine (MK) enhances hypertension in a model of CKD. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that MK regulates EET activity and thereby BP. MK gene-deleted mice were resistant to hypertension and developed less glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria after administration of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor in the setting of uninephrectomy. The hypertension observed in uninephrectomized wild-type mice after NOS inhibition was ameliorated by anti-MK antibody. MK-deficient mice produced higher amounts of EETs, and EETs dominantly regulated BP in these mice. Furthermore, MK administration to MK-deficient mice recapitulated the BP control observed in wild-type mice. EETs also dominantly regulated renal blood flow, which may influence renal function, in MK-deficient mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the MK/EET pathway is physiologically engaged in BP control and could be a target for the treatment of hypertension complicated by endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sato
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nephrology
| | | | | | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Nakano M, Lockhart CM, Kelly EJ, Rettie AE. Ocular cytochrome P450s and transporters: roles in disease and endobiotic and xenobiotic disposition. Drug Metab Rev 2014; 46:247-60. [PMID: 24856391 PMCID: PMC4676416 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.921190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug metabolism and transport processes in the liver, intestine and kidney that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of therapeutic agents have been studied extensively. In contrast, comparatively little research has been conducted on these topics as they pertain to the eye. Recently, however, catalytic functions of ocular cytochrome P450 enzymes have gained increasing attention, in large part due to the roles of CYP1B1 and CYP4V2 variants in primary congenital glaucoma and Bietti's corneoretinal crystalline dystrophy, respectively. In this review, we discuss challenges to ophthalmic drug delivery, including Phase I drug metabolism and transport in the eye, and the role of three specific P450s, CYP4B1, CYP1B1 and CYP4V2 in ocular inflammation and genetically determined ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Nakano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine M. Lockhart
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward J. Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allan E. Rettie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Cotton RB, Shah LP, Poole SD, Ehinger NJ, Brown N, Shelton EL, Slaughter JC, Baldwin HS, Paria BC, Reese J. Cimetidine-associated patent ductus arteriosus is mediated via a cytochrome P450 mechanism independent of H2 receptor antagonism. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 59:86-94. [PMID: 23454087 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common problem in preterm infants. The antacid cimetidine is a potent antagonist of the H2 histamine receptor but it also inhibits certain cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), which may affect DA patency. We examined whether cimetidine contributes to PDA and is mediated by CYP inhibition rather than H2 blockade. Analysis of a clinical trial to prevent lung injury in premature infants revealed a significant association between cimetidine treatment and PDA. Cimetidine and ranitidine, both CYP inhibitors as well as H2 blockers, caused relaxation of the term and preterm mouse DA. CYP enzymes that are inhibited by cimetidine were expressed in DA subendothelial smooth muscle. The selective CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole induced greater DA relaxation than cimetidine, whereas famotidine and other H2 antagonists with less CYP inhibitory effects caused less dilation. Histamine receptors were developmentally regulated and localized in DA smooth muscle. However, cimetidine caused DA relaxation in histamine-deficient mice, consistent with CYP inhibition, not H2 antagonism, as the mechanism for PDA. Oxygen-induced DA constriction was inhibited by both cimetidine and famotidine. These studies show that antacids and other compounds with CYP inhibitory properties pose a significant and previously unrecognized risk for PDA in critically ill newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Baragatti B, Ciofini E, Sodini D, Luin S, Scebba F, Coceani F. Hydrogen sulfide in the mouse ductus arteriosus: a naturally occurring relaxant with potential EDHF function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H927-34. [PMID: 23376828 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00718.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that bradykinin relaxes the fetal ductus arteriosus via endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) when other naturally occurring relaxants (prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide) are suppressed, but the identity of the agent could not be ascertained. Here, we have examined in the mouse whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a relaxant of the ductus and, if so, whether it may also function as an EDHF. We found in the vessel transcripts for the H2S synthetic enzymes, cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), and the presence of these enzymes was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. CSE and CBS were distributed across the vessel wall with the former prevailing in the intimal layer. Both enzymes occurred within the endoplasmic reticulum of endothelial and muscle cells, whereas only CSE was located also in the plasma membrane. The isolated ductus contracted to inhibitors of CSE (d,l-propargylglycine, PPG) and CBS (amino-oxyacetic acid), and PPG contraction was attenuated by removal of the endothelium. EDHF-mediated bradykinin relaxation was curtailed by both PPG and amino-oxyacetic acid, whereas the relaxation to sodium nitroprusside was not affected by either treatment. The H2S donor sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) was also a potent, concentration-dependent relaxant. We conclude that the ductus is endowed with a H2S system exerting a tonic relaxation. In addition, H2S, possibly via an overriding CSE source, qualifies as an EDHF. These findings introduce a novel vasoregulatory mechanism into the ductus, with implications for antenatal patency of the vessel and its transitional adjustments at birth.
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Stoller JZ, Demauro SB, Dagle JM, Reese J. Current Perspectives on Pathobiology of the Ductus Arteriosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8. [PMID: 23519783 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9880.s8-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA) shunts blood away from the lungs during fetal life, but at birth this shunt is no longer needed and the vessel rapidly constricts. Postnatal persistence of the DA, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), is predominantly a detrimental condition for preterm infants but is simultaneously a condition required to maintain systemic blood flow for infants born with certain severe congenital heart defects. Although PDA in preterm infants is associated with significant morbidities, there is controversy regarding whether PDA is truly causative. Despite advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of PDA, the optimal treatment strategy for PDA in preterm infants is unclear. Here we review recent studies that have continued to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of DA development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Z Stoller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Baragatti B, Coceani F. Arachidonic acid epoxygenase and 12(S)-lipoxygenase: evidence of their concerted involvement in ductus arteriosus constriction to oxygen. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:329-34. [DOI: 10.1139/y11-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen promotes closure of the ductus arteriosus at birth. We have previously presented a scheme for oxygen action with a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) hemoprotein and endothelin-1 (ET-1) being, respectively, sensor and effector, and a hypothetical monooxygenase product serving as a coupling link. We have also found in the vessel arachidonic acid (AA) 12(S)-lipoxygenase (12-lipoxygenase) undergoing upregulation at birth. Here, we examined the feasibility of a sensor-to-effector messenger originating from AA monooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase pathways. The epoxygenase inhibitor, N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-)hexanamide, suppressed the tonic contraction of ductus to oxygen. A similar effect was obtained with 12-lipoxygenase inhibitors baicalein and PD 146176. By contrast, none of the inhibitors modified the endothelin-1 contraction. Furthermore, an AA ω-hydroxylation product, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), reportedly responsible for oxygen contraction in the systemic microvasculature, had no such effect on the ductus. We conclude that AA epoxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase jointly produce a hitherto uncharacterized compound acting as oxygen messenger in the ductus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Baragatti
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna e Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Coceani
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna e Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Baragatti B, Ciofini E, Scebba F, Angeloni D, Sodini D, Luin S, Ratto GM, Ottaviano V, Pagni E, Paolicchi A, Nencioni S, Coceani F. Cytochrome P-450 3A13 and endothelin jointly mediate ductus arteriosus constriction to oxygen in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H892-901. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00907.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) contracts to oxygen, and this feature, maturing through gestation, is considered important for its closure at birth. We have previously obtained evidence of the involvement of cytochrome P-450, possibly of the 3A subfamily (CYP3A), in oxygen sensing and have also identified endothelin (ET)-1 as the attendant effector for the contraction. Here, we examined comparatively wild-type (WT) and CYP3A-null ( Cyp3a−/−) mice for direct validation of this concept. We found that the CYP3A subfamily is represented only by CYP3A13 in the WT DA. CYP3A13 was also detected in the DA by immunofluorescence microscopy, being primarily colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum in both endothelial and muscle cells. However, a distinct signal was also evident in the plasma membrane. Isolated DAs from term WT animals developed a sustained contraction to oxygen with transient contractions superimposed. Conversely, no tonic response occurred in Cyp3a−/− DAs, whereas the phasic response persisted unabated. Oxygen did not contract the preterm WT DA but caused a full-fledged contraction after retinoic acid (RA) treatment. RA also promoted an oxygen contraction in the Cyp3a −/− DA. However, responses of RA-treated WT and Cyp3a−/− mice differed in that only the former abated with ET-1 suppression. This implies the existence of an alternative target for RA responsible for the oxygen-induced contraction in the absence of CYP3A13. In vivo, the DA was constricted in WT and Cyp3a−/− newborns, although with a tendency to be less narrowed in the mutant. We conclude that oxygen acts primarily through the complex CYP3A13 (sensor)/ET-1 (effector) and, in an accessory way, directly onto ET-1. However, even in the absence of CYP3A13, the DA may close postnatally thanks to the contribution of ET-1 and the likely involvement of compensating mechanism(s) identifiable with an alternative oxygen-sensing system and/or the withdrawal of relaxing influence(s) operating prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Baragatti
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and
- Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa
| | | | | | - Debora Angeloni
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and
- Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa
| | | | | | - Gian Michele Ratto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology, Pisa; and
| | | | | | - Aldo Paolicchi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Flavio Coceani
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and
- Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa
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