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Xie Z, Yang C, Xu T. Hesperetin attenuates LPS-induced the inflammatory response and apoptosis of H9c2 by activating the AMPK/P53 signaling pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e973. [PMID: 37584301 PMCID: PMC10413818 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hesperetin (HES), whose main pharmacological effects are anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. In our study, we investigated the role of HES in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. METHODS Cell viability was assessed through MTT assay. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-β expression were quantified through RT-qPCR assay. Secondly, the apoptosis rate was assessed by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. Finally, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)- associated X protein (Bax), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and P53 expression were quantified through western blot assay. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that LPS stimulation decreased the cell viability, increased IL-1β and TNF-α expression in H9c2 cells. However, HES treatment significantly increased the cell viability, decreased IL-1β and TNF-α expression in LPS-induced H9c2 cells. In addition, HES significantly increased the phosphorylation level of AMPK. Meanwhile, HES prevented against LPS-mediated the P53 and Bax protein upregulation, and Bcl-2 protein downregulation in H9c2 cells. More interestingly, compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) treatment eliminated the protective effects of HES. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that HES attenuated the LPS-mediated inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by activating the AMPK/P53 signaling pathway, suggesting that HES may be a potential cardioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Xie
- Department of Cardiologythe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiShandongChina
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Cardiologythe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiShandongChina
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Cardiologythe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiShandongChina
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2
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Liang G, He Z. High Mobility Group Proteins in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911152. [PMID: 35720285 PMCID: PMC9202578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response disease, is the most severe complication of infection and a deadly disease. High mobility group proteins (HMGs) are non-histone nuclear proteins binding nucleosomes and regulate chromosome architecture and gene transcription, which act as a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the delayed endotoxin lethality and systemic inflammatory response. HMGs increase in serum and tissues during infection, especially in sepsis. A growing number of studies have demonstrated HMGs are not only cytokines which can mediate inflammation, but also potential therapeutic targets in sepsis. To reduce sepsis-related mortality, a better understanding of HMGs is essential. In this review, we described the structure and function of HMGs, summarized the definition, epidemiology and pathophysiology of sepsis, and discussed the HMGs-related mechanisms in sepsis from the perspectives of non-coding RNAs (microRNA, long non-coding RNA, circular RNA), programmed cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis), drugs and other pathophysiological aspects to provide new targets and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Block H, Rossaint J, Zarbock A. The Fatal Circle of NETs and NET-Associated DAMPs Contributing to Organ Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121919. [PMID: 35741047 PMCID: PMC9222025 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens or sterile injuries. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) sense molecules released from inflamed or damaged cells, or foreign molecules resulting from invading pathogens. PRRs can in turn induce inflammatory responses, comprising the generation of cytokines or chemokines, which further induce immune cell recruitment. Neutrophils represent an essential factor in the early immune response and fulfill numerous tasks to fight infection or heal injuries. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is part of it and was originally attributed to the capture and elimination of pathogens. In the last decade studies revealed a detrimental role of NETs during several diseases, often correlated with an exaggerated immune response. Overwhelming inflammation in single organs can induce remote organ damage, thereby further perpetuating release of inflammatory molecules. Here, we review recent findings regarding damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which are able to induce NET formation, as well as NET components known to act as DAMPs, generating a putative fatal circle of inflammation contributing to organ damage and sequentially occurring remote organ injury.
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Yang K, Holt M, Fan M, Lam V, Yang Y, Ha T, Williams DL, Li C, Wang X. Cardiovascular Dysfunction in COVID-19: Association Between Endothelial Cell Injury and Lactate. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868679. [PMID: 35401579 PMCID: PMC8984030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease propagated by a new virus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in global healthcare crises. Emerging evidence from patients with COVID-19 suggests that endothelial cell damage plays a central role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and could be a major contributor to the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Like other infectious diseases, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is closely associated with metabolic processes. Lactate, a potential biomarker in COVID-19, has recently been shown to mediate endothelial barrier dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of cardiovascular injuries and metabolic alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also propose that lactate plays a potential role in COVID-19-driven endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Matthew Holt
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Victor Lam
- College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Tuanzhu Ha
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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5
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Nong R, Qin C, Lin Q, Lu Y, Li J. Down-regulated HDAC1 and up-regulated microRNA-124-5p recover myocardial damage of septic mice. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7168-7180. [PMID: 35285407 PMCID: PMC9278975 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2034583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed the relationship between histone deacetylases (HDACs)/microRNAs (miRNAs) and sepsis, but little has ever investigated the mechanism of HDAC1/miR-124-5p in sepsis. Herein, we studied the impacts of HDAC1/miR-124-5p on myocardial damage of septic mice via regulating high-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1). Septic mice were induced by cecal ligation and puncture. HDAC1, miR-124-5p and HMGB1 expression in myocardial tissues of septic mice were detected. Septic mice were injected with HDAC1 low expression-, miR-124-5p high expression- or HMGB1 low expression-related structures to observe cardiac function, inflammatory response, oxidative stress response, myocardial pathological changes and apoptosis in myocardial tissues of septic mice. The relationship of HDAC1/miR-124-5p/HMGB1 was verified. HDAC1 and HMGB1 expression were upregulated while miR-124-5p expression was decreased in myocardial tissues of septic mice. Restored miR-124-5p/depleted HDAC1 or HMGB1 recovered the cardiac function, improved cardiac function, inflammatory response, oxidative stress response, myocardial pathological changes and inhibit ed cardiomyocyte apoptosis in septic mice. HDAC1 bound to miR-124-5p which directly targeted HMGB1. This study suggests that down-regulated HDAC1 or up-regulated miR-124-5p recovers myocardial damage of septic mice via decreasing HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmao Nong
- Department of Icu (Intensive Care Unit), The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Qin
- Department of Icu (Intensive Care Unit), The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiqing Lin
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yi Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Singh-Mallah G, Kawamura T, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Svedin P, Arthur PG, James C, Hagberg H, Sandberg M, Mallard C. N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores Sirtuin-6 and Decreases HMGB1 Release Following Lipopolysaccharide-Sensitized Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:743093. [PMID: 34867200 PMCID: PMC8634142 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.743093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) are important etiological factors of perinatal brain injury. However, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Sirtuins are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent histone deacetylases. Sirtuin-6 is thought to regulate inflammatory and oxidative pathways, such as the extracellular release of the alarmin high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). The expression and role of sirtuin-6 in neonatal brain injury are unknown. In a well-established model of neonatal brain injury, which encompasses inflammation (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and hypoxia-ischemia (LPS+HI), we investigated the protein expression of sirtuin-6 and HMGB1, as well as thiol oxidation. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on sirtuin-6 expression, nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation, and release of HMGB1 in the brain and blood thiol oxidation after LPS+HI. We demonstrate reduced expression of sirtuin-6 and increased release of HMGB1 in injured hippocampus after LPS+HI. NAC treatment restored sirtuin-6 protein levels, which was associated with reduced extracellular HMGB1 release and reduced thiol oxidation in the blood. The study suggests that early reduction in sirtuin-6 is associated with HMGB1 release, which may contribute to neonatal brain injury, and that antioxidant treatment is beneficial for the alleviation of these injurious mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh-Mallah
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Takuya Kawamura
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher James
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abuiessa SA, El-Gowilly SM, El-Gowelli HM, Helmy MM, El-Mas MM. Short-lived sensitization of cardiovascular outcomes of postpartum endotoxemia in preeclamptic rats: Role of medullary solitary tract neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174494. [PMID: 34508754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disorder with serious maternal complications. Considering the increased importance of postpartum infection in maternal morbidity and mortality, we investigated whether preeclamptic maternal programming alters cardiovascular consequences of endotoxemia in rats and the role of cardiac and brainstem neuroinflammation in this interaction. Preeclampsia was induced by oral administration of L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) for 7 days starting from day 14 of conception. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac autonomic function caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg i.v.) were assessed in mothers at 3 weeks (weaning time) and 9 weeks postnatally. Compared with respective non-PE counterparts, LPS treatment of weaning PE mothers caused significantly greater (i) falls in blood pressure, (ii) rises in heart rate and left ventricular contractility (dP/dtmax), (iii) reductions in time and frequency domain indices of heart rate variability and shifts in cardiac sympathovagal balance (low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, LF/HF) towards parasympathetic dominance, and (iv) attenuation of reflex bradycardic responses measured by the vasoactive method. The intensified LPS effects in weaning PE rats subsided after 9 weeks of delivery. Immunohistochemical studies showed increased protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in brainstem neuronal pools of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), but not rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), in endotoxic PE weaning rats compared with non-PE rats. Cardiac NF-κB expression was increased by LPS but this was similarly noted in PE and non-PE rats. Together, preeclamptic maternal programming elicits short-term exacerbation of endotoxic cardiovascular and autonomic derangements due possibly to exaggerated NTS neuroinflammatory insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa A Abuiessa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sahar M El-Gowilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan M El-Gowelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai M Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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8
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Endogenous Regulation and Pharmacological Modulation of Sepsis-Induced HMGB1 Release and Action: An Updated Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092220. [PMID: 34571869 PMCID: PMC8469563 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a common cause of death in intensive care units, accounting for approximately 20% of total deaths worldwide. Its pathogenesis is partly attributable to dysregulated inflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxins (such as lipopolysaccharide, LPS), which stimulate innate immune cells to sequentially release early cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferons (IFNs)) and late mediators (such as high-mobility group box 1, HMGB1). Despite difficulties in translating mechanistic insights into effective therapies, an improved understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of sepsis is still urgently needed. Here, we review recent progress in elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying the regulation of HMGB1 release and action, and propose a few potential therapeutic candidates for future clinical investigations.
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The Role of ALDH2 in Sepsis and the To-Be-Discovered Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1193:175-194. [PMID: 31368104 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, defined as life-threatening tissue damage and organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is a critical disease which imposes global health burden. Sepsis-induced organ dysfunction, including circulatory and cardiac dysfunction, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, etc., contributes to high mortality and long-term disability of sepsis patients. Altered inflammatory response, ROS and reactive aldehyde stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and programmed cell death pathways (necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy) have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in septic organ dysfunction. Unfortunately, except for infection control and supportive therapies, no specific therapy exists for sepsis. New specific therapeutic targets are highly warranted. Emerging studies suggested a role of potential therapeutic target of ALDH2, a tetrameric enzyme located in mitochondria to detoxify aldehydes, in septic organ dysfunction. In this article, we will review the presentations and pathophysiology of septic organ dysfunction, as well as summarize and discuss the recent insights regarding ALDH2 in sepsis.
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Cinar I, Sirin B, Aydin P, Toktay E, Cadirci E, Halici I, Halici Z. Ameliorative effect of gossypin against acute lung injury in experimental sepsis model of rats. Life Sci 2019; 221:327-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liang X, Li T, Zhou Q, Pi S, Li Y, Chen X, Weng Z, Li H, Zhao Y, Wang H, Chen Y. Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate sepsis-induced liver injury via inhibiting M1 polarization of Kupffer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 452:187-197. [PMID: 30178273 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in intensive care units that can result in acute hepatic damage. Animal experiments and clinical trials have shown that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has some beneficial in several liver diseases. However, the protective effects of MSC therapy on sepsis-induced hepatic damage and associated mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of MSCs on sepsis-induced liver injury and underlying mechanisms. A rat model of sepsis-induced liver injury was established by cecal ligation and puncture, and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase activities as well as liver histological changes were measured. Inflammatory cytokines, Kupffer cell M1 phenotype markers, and associated signal molecules were also determined in septic rats and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated Kupffer cells. Our results showed that injection of MSCs attenuated sepsis-induced liver injury. Treatment with MSCs inhibited activation of Kupffer cells towards M1 phenotype, attenuated TNF-α and IL-6 expression, and promoted IL-4 and IL-10 expression in septic rats and LPS-treated Kupffer cells. Furthermore, MSCs also inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B in LPS-challenged Kupffer cells and the liver of septic rats. These results indicated that MSCs attenuated sepsis-induced liver injury through suppressing M1 polarization of Kupffer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujing Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchan Zhou
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sainan Pi
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeping Weng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youpeng Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Luo Q, Liu G, Chen G, Guo D, Xu L, Hang M, Jin M. Apelin protects against sepsis‑induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting the TLR4 and NLRP3 signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1161-1167. [PMID: 29749463 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Luo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R.�China
| | - Guorong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Min Hang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R.�China
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Li P, Chen D, Huang Y. Fisetin administration improves LPS-induced acute otitis media in mouse in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:237-247. [PMID: 29568876 PMCID: PMC5979934 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide in spite of the widespread vaccination. The present study was conducted to explore the effects of fisetin on mouse acute otitis media models. The animal models were established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection into the middle ear of mice via the tympanic membrane. Fisetin was administered to mice for ten days through intragastric administration immediate after LPS application. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 and VEGF, were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and RT-qPCR analysis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway was detected by immunoblotting assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated levels were determined through assessment of anti-oxidants, and TXNIP/MAPKs signaling pathways were explored to reveal the possible molecular mechanism for acute otitis media progression and the function of fisetin. Fisetin reduced mucosal thickness caused by LPS. In fisetin-treated animals, pro-inflammatory cytokine release was downregulated accompanied with TLR4/NF-κB inactivation. ROS production was significantly decreased in comparison to the LPS-treated group. The TXNIP/MAPKs signaling pathway was inactivated for fisetin treatment in LPS-induced mice with acute otitis media. The above results indicated that fisetin improved acute otitis media through inflammation and ROS suppression via inactivating TLR4/NF-κB and TXNIP/MAPKs signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Xishan, Kunming 650032, P.R. China
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14
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Tong S, Zhang L, Joseph J, Jiang X. Celastrol pretreatment attenuates rat myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury by inhibiting high mobility group box 1 protein expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:843-849. [PMID: 29475002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Celastrol pretreatment has been shown to protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of celastrol pretreatment on I/R injury and to further explore whether its mechanism of action was associated with the inhibition of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) expression via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. METHODS In a fixed-dose study, hematoxylin and eosin staining and myocardial enzyme measurements were used to determine the optimal dose of celastrol that elicited the best cardioprotective effects against I/R injury. Furthermore, rats were pretreated with 4 mg/kg celastrol, and infarct size and the levels of myocardial enzymes, apoptosis, inflammatory and oxidative indices, and HMGB1 and p-Akt expression were measured. RESULTS Our results indicated that celastrol dose-dependently attenuated histopathological changes and the elevation in myocardial enzymes induced by I/R. Moreover, the celastrol pretreatment (4 mg/kg) not only significantly decreased infarct size as well as myocardial enzyme levels but also inhibited myocardial apoptosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Additionally, celastrol downregulated HMGB1 expression and upregulated p-Akt expression in the myocardium. LY294002, a specific pI3k inhibitor, partially reversed the decreased HMGB1 expression, increased p-Akt expression induced by celastrol, and abolished the anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of celastrol. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that short-term pretreatment with celastrol protects against myocardial I/R injury by suppressing myocardial apoptosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress via pI3k/Akt pathway activation and HMGB1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiyang Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Joseph
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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15
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Zhang WB, Zhang HY, Zhang Q, Jiao FZ, Zhang H, Wang LW, Gong ZJ. Glutamine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating the toll-like receptor 4/mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5825-5832. [PMID: 29285127 PMCID: PMC5740782 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may result in irreversible cardiac dysfunction. Glutamine (GLN) has a multitude of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory abilities. Previous studies have reported that GLN attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury and intestinal mucosal injury. The present study investigated whether GLN exerts potential protective effects on LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (15 rats per group), including the control (saline-treated), LPS and LPS+GLN groups. Pretreatment with 1 g/kg GLN was provided via gavage for 5 days in the LPS+GLN group, while the control and LPS groups received the same volume of normal saline. On day 6, a cardiac dysfunction model was induced by administration of LPS (10 mg/kg). After 24 h, the cardiac functions of the rats that survived were detected by echocardiography and catheter-based measurements. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)4, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of TLR4, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were also determined by western blot analysis. The results of echocardiography and catheter-based measurements revealed that GLN treatment attenuated cardiac dysfunction. GLN treatment also attenuated the serum and mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the protein levels of TLR4, phosphorylated (p-)extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p-P38 were reduced upon GLN pretreatment. Furthermore, GLN pretreatment resulted in decreased activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, GLN has a potential therapeutic effect in the protection against cardiac dysfunction mediated by sepsis through regulating the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yue Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Zhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zuo-Jiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Avlas O, Srara S, Shainberg A, Aravot D, Hochhauser E. Silencing cardiomyocyte TLR4 reduces injury following hypoxia. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:115-122. [PMID: 27448767 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative pathogens expressed in the heart, is activated by several endogenous ligands associated with tissue injury in response to myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of TLR4 signaling in cardiomyocytes dysfunction following hypoxia (90min) using multiple methodologies such as knocking down TLR4 and small interfering RNA (siTLR4). Cardiomyocytes of C57Bl/6 mice (WT) subjected to hypoxic stress showed increased cardiac release of LDH, HMGB1, IκB, TNF-α and myocardial apoptotic and necrotic markers (BAX, PI) compared to TLR4 knock out mice (TLR4KO). Treating these cardiomyocytes with siRNA against TLR4 decreased the damage markers (LDH, IκB, TNF-α). TLR4 silencing during hypoxic stress resulted in the activation of the p-AKT and p-GSK3β (by ∼25%). The latter is an indicator that there is a reduction of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening following hypoxic myocardial induced injury leading to preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. Silencing TLR4 in cardiomyocytes improved cell survival following hypoxic injury through activation of the AKT/GSK3β pathway, reduced inflammatory and apoptotic signals. These findings suggest that TLR4 may serve as a potential target in the treatment of ischemic myocardial injury. Moreover, RNA interfering targeting TLR4 expression represents a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Avlas
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Smadar Srara
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Asher Shainberg
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dan Aravot
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel.
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17
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Wang L, He L, Bao G, He X, Fan S, Wang H. Ionizing Radiation Induces HMGB1 Cytoplasmic Translocation and Extracellular Release. GUO JI FANG SHE YI XUE HE YI XUE ZA ZHI = INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION MEDICINE AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2016; 40:91-99. [PMID: 27331198 PMCID: PMC4911189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A nucleosomal protein, HMGB1, can be secreted by activated immune cells or passively released by dying cells, thereby amplifying rigorous inflammatory responses. In this study we aimed to test the possibility that ionizing radiation similarly induces cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation and extracellular release. METHOD Human skin fibroblast (GM0639) and bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells and animals (rats) were exposed to X-ray radiation, and HMGB1 translocation and release were assessed by immunocytochemistry and immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS At a wide dose range (4.0 - 12.0 Gy), X-ray radiation induced a dramatic cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation, and triggered a time- and dose-dependent HMGB1 release both in vitro and in vivo. The radiation-mediated HMGB1 release was associated with noticeable chromosomal DNA damage and loss of cell viability. CONCLUSION radiation induces HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation and extracellular release through active secretion and passive leakage processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Radiation and Public Health, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Guoqiang Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The 4 Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- School of Radiation and Public Health, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Radiation and Public Health, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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18
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Yuan Y, Zhou H, Wu QQ, Li FF, Bian ZY, Deng W, Zhou MQ, Tang QZ. Puerarin attenuates the inflammatory response and apoptosis in LPS-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:415-420. [PMID: 26893624 PMCID: PMC4734177 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with septic shock suffer from high mortality rates, particularly when complicated by severe myocardial depression which is characterized by hypotension and a reduction in cardiac output. Inflammation is an important factor involved in the early stages of sepsis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the Chinese herbal compound puerarin (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 µM) on cardiomyocyte inflammatory response in a sepsis model using H9c2 cardiomyocytes stimulated with 1 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-β were evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the protein expression levels of various factors were determined using western blot analysis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling was used to evaluate the apoptosis rates in the various groups, and immunocytochemical analysis was employed to determine the effect of puerarin on the nuclear translocation of p65 protein. The present study demonstrated that LPS stimulation increased IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression levels, as compared with the controls (P<0.05). Following treatment with various concentrations of puerarin, the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were markedly blunted, particularly in the LPS + 40 µM puerarin group (P<0.05 vs. the LPS group). Furthermore, puerarin administration significantly inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining (TUNEL positive cells: LPS + 40 µM puerarin group, 5.5% vs. LPS group, 10.5%; P<0.01). In addition, puerarin significantly decreased LPS-induced phosphorylated nuclear factor (p-NF)-κB p65 and Bax expression levels, and increased the expression levels of Bcl-2, as compared with the LPS group (P<0.05). These data indicated that puerarin may serve as a valuable protective agent against cardiovascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhou-Yan Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Qiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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19
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Karuppagounder V, Arumugam S, Thandavarayan RA, Pitchaimani V, Sreedhar R, Afrin R, Harima M, Suzuki H, Nomoto M, Miyashita S, Suzuki K, Nakamura M, Ueno K, Watanabe K. Tannic acid modulates NFκB signaling pathway and skin inflammation in NC/Nga mice through PPARγ expression. Cytokine 2015; 76:206-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Ercan U, Kiraz A, Çikman Ö, Türkön H, Kilinç N, Otkun MT, Özkan ÖF, Kiraz HA, Karaayvaz M. The Effect of Systemic Carnitine Administration on Colon Anastomosis Healing in an Experimental Sepsis Model. J INVEST SURG 2015; 28:334-40. [PMID: 26270147 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1029652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine, with its known antioxidant properties and positive effects on wound healing, on the healing of colon anastomosis in a cecal ligation and puncture sepsis model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 (n = 10). Groups 1 and 2 had laparotomy and colon anastomosis performed. Groups 3 and 4 had cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and colon anastomosis performed. Rats in Groups 1 and 3 were given 15 mL/kg intraperitoneal 0.9% isotonic NaCl, while the rats in Groups 2 and 4 were given 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal L-carnitine. On the postoperative fifth day, the rats were sacrificed and the burst pressure of anastomosis, histopathological effects, and tissue hydroxyproline levels were investigated. RESULTS In Groups 2 and 4, the anastomosis burst pressure and histopathological results in both noninfected abdomen and presence of peritonitis were statistically high compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Though the hydroxyproline levels were also high, there was no statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings obtained from the experimental sepsis model showed that healing of anastomosis in both the presence of peritonitis and noninfected abdomen was positively affected by the systemic administration of L-carnitine and this may contribute to the safety of anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Ercan
- a Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Aslı Kiraz
- b Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Öztekin Çikman
- a Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hakan Türkön
- c Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Nihal Kilinç
- d Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Müşerref Tatman Otkun
- b Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Özkan
- a Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ali Kiraz
- e Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Muammer Karaayvaz
- a Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
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21
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Luan ZG, Naranpurev M, Ma XC. Treatment of low molecular weight heparin inhibits systemic inflammation and prevents endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats. Inflammation 2015; 37:924-32. [PMID: 24425537 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is able to reduce pulmonary inflammation and improve the survival in rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Rat ALI model was reproduced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into tail vein. Rats were divided randomly into three groups: control group, ALI group, LMWH-treated group. Blood was collected and lung tissue was harvested at the designated time points for analysis. The lung specimens were harvested for morphological studies, streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry examination. Lung tissue edema was evaluated by tissue water content. The levels of lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined. Meanwhile, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein levels in the lung were studied. In survival studies, a separate group of rats were treated with LMWH or sterile saline after LPS administration. Then, the mortality was recorded. Treatment with LMWH after ALI was associated with a reduction in the severity of LPS-induced lung injury. Treatment with LMWH significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, HMGB1 and ICAM-1 in the lung of ALI rats. Similarly, treatment with LMWH dramatically diminished LPS-induced neutrophil sequestration and markedly reduced the enhanced lung permeability. In the present study, LMWH administration inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the lung. Survival was significantly higher among the LMWH-treated group compared with the ALI group. These data suggest that LMWH attenuates inflammation and prevents lethality in endotoxemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Gang Luan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China,
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22
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Wang M, Gorasiya S, Antoine DJ, Sitapara RA, Wu W, Sharma L, Yang H, Ashby CR, Vasudevan D, Zur M, Thomas DD, Mantell LL. The compromise of macrophage functions by hyperoxia is attenuated by ethacrynic acid via inhibition of NF-κB-mediated release of high-mobility group box-1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:171-82. [PMID: 24992505 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0544oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolonged exposure to hyperoxia can compromise macrophage functions and contribute to the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. High levels of extracellular high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the airways of mice exposed to hyperoxia can directly cause macrophage dysfunction. Hence, inhibition of the release of nuclear HMGB1 into the extracellular milieu may help to maintain macrophage functions under hyperoxic conditions. The present study investigates whether ethacrynic acid (EA) affects hyperoxia-induced HMGB1 release from macrophages and improves their functions. Macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages were exposed to different concentrations of EA for 24 hours in the presence of 95% O2. EA significantly decreased the accumulation of extracellular HMGB1 in cultured media. Importantly, the phagocytic activity and migration capability of macrophages were significantly enhanced in EA-treated cells. Interestingly, hyperoxia-induced NF-κB activation was also inhibited in these cells. To determine whether NF-κB plays a role in hyperoxia-induced HMGB1 release, BAY 11-7082, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, was used. Similar to EA, BAY 11-7082 significantly inhibited the accumulation of extracellular HMGB1 and improved hyperoxia-compromised macrophage migration and phagocytic activity. Furthermore, 24-hour hyperoxic exposure of macrophages caused hyperacetylation of HMGB1 and its subsequent cytoplasmic translocation and release, which were inhibited by EA and BAY 11-7082. Together, these results suggest that EA enhances hyperoxia-compromised macrophage functions by inhibiting HMGB1 hyperacetylation and its release from macrophages, possibly through attenuation of the NF-κB activation. Therefore, the activation of NF-κB could be one of the underlying mechanisms that mediate hyperoxia-compromised macrophage functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
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23
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Novel Mechanisms of Herbal Therapies for Inhibiting HMGB1 Secretion or Action. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:456305. [PMID: 25821489 PMCID: PMC4363608 DOI: 10.1155/2015/456305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein and is constitutively expressed in virtually all types of cells. In response to microbial infections, HMGB1 is secreted from activated immune cells to orchestrate rigorous inflammatory responses. Here we review the distinct mechanisms by which several herbal components inhibit HMGB1 action or secretion, such as by modulating inflammasome activation, autophagic degradation, or endocytic uptake. In light of the reciprocal interactions between these cellular processes, it is possible to develop more effective combinational herbal therapies for the clinical management of inflammatory diseases.
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24
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Sun J, Shi S, Wang Q, Yu K, Wang R. Continuous hemodiafiltration therapy reduces damage of multi-organs by ameliorating of HMGB1/TLR4/NFκB in a dog sepsis model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1555-1564. [PMID: 25973040 PMCID: PMC4396325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether CVVH can reduce HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB and other serum cytokine levels, preventing organ injury in a dog sepsis model. A total of 10 dogs were injected with LPS and treated with either CVVH group (n = 5) or nothing (Control, n = 5) for 24 h. EILSA was used for examining the concentration of TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB 1 and TLR4. The histological change of lung, liver and kidney tissues was determined. The mRNA expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB was examined by RT-PCR. The protein of HMGB1 and phosphated NF-κB was examined by Western-blot. The levels of serum HMGB1 came to the peak at 8 h, 16 h and then declined. The LPS-induced increase in HMGB1 level was suppressed by CVVH compared with Control. Likewise, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels decreased with CVVH along with a significant improvement in the function of main organs. Histologic examination revealed significant reduction in inflammation in lung; liver and kidney tissues harvested 24 h after CVVH compared with Control. The mRNA of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB in the kidney was expressed at high level after LPS administration, which was significantly decreased by CVVH. The increased protein expression of HMGB1 and phosphated NF-κB was reduced after CVVH compared with control. CVVH by reducing the level of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB and other cytokines could weaken the cascade of cytokines and restore the immune system, and reduce the damage of important organs in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University Jinan 250021, China
| | - Shaolan Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University Jinan 250021, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University Jinan 250021, China
| | - Kezhou Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University Jinan 250021, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University Jinan 250021, China
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25
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Bao GQ, He L, Lee D, D'Angelo J, Wang HC. An ongoing search for potential targets and therapies for lethal sepsis. Mil Med Res 2015; 2:20. [PMID: 26257917 PMCID: PMC4529709 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-015-0047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, which refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection, represents the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The pathogenesis of sepsis remains poorly understood although it is attributable to dysregulated immune responses orchestrated by innate immune cells that are sequentially released early (e.g., tumor necrosis factor(TNF), interleukin-1(IL-1), and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)) and late (e.g., high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)) pro-inflammatory mediators. As a ubiquitous nuclear protein, HMGB1 can be passively released from pathologically damaged cells, thereby converging infection and injury on commonly dysregulated inflammatory responses. We review evidence that supports extracellular HMGB1 as a late mediator of inflammatory diseases and discuss the potential of several Chinese herbal components as HMGB1-targeting therapies. We propose that it is important to develop strategies for specifically attenuating injury-elicited inflammatory responses without compromising the infection-mediated innate immunity for the clinical management of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Bao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA.,Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The 4th Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Li He
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - John D'Angelo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Hai-Chao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Lin L, Knowlton AA. Innate immunity and cardiomyocytes in ischemic heart disease. Life Sci 2014; 100:1-8. [PMID: 24486305 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the most common cause of myocardial inflammation, which is primarily a manifestation of the innate immune responses. Innate immunity is activated when pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) respond to molecular patterns common to microbes and to danger signals expressed by injured or infected cells, so called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The expression of various PRRs in cardiomyocytes and the release of DAMPs from cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R injury, through active mechanisms as well as passive processes, enable cardiomyocytes to generate innate immune responses. Studies in isolated heart and cardiomyocytes have confirmed the inflammatory and functional effects of cardiac PRRs especially Toll-like receptors in response to I/R-derived DAMPs, such as heat shock proteins. This review addresses the active role of cardiomyocytes in mediating innate inflammatory responses to myocardial I/R. We propose that cardiomyocytes act as innate immune cells in myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; The Northern California VA, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis refers to the host's deleterious and non-resolving systemic inflammatory response to microbial infections and represents the leading cause of death in the intensive care unit. The pathogenesis of sepsis is complex, but partly mediated by a newly identified alarmin molecule, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). AREAS COVERED Here we review the evidence that support extracellular HMGB1 as a late mediator of experimental sepsis with a wider therapeutic window and discuss the therapeutic potential of HMGB1-neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors (herbal components) in experimental sepsis. EXPERT OPINION It will be important to evaluate the efficacy of HMGB1-targeting strategies for the clinical management of human sepsis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and North Shore University Hospital, The Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, North Shore-LIJ Health System , 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 , USA +1 516 562 2823 ; +1 516 562 1022 ;
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Abnormal expression of Toll-like receptor 4 is associated with susceptibility to ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2826-39. [PMID: 23744365 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) contributes to ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. This study aimed to determine its precise role in this pathogenic state and the related signaling pathway. METHODS Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury models were generated in TLR4(-/-) mice (C3H/HeJ: point mutation; C57BL/10ScNJ: gene deletion), their respective TLR4(+/+) wild-type counterparts, and heterozygous TLR4(+/-) mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h or 30 min before ethanol administration. At 1 h post-ethanol treatment, gastric or serum specimens were evaluated. RESULTS Ethanol intra-gastric administration induced significant gastric mucosal injury in all mice, but the damaged area was larger in TLR4(-/-) mice. LPS preconditioning and up-regulated TLR4 expression led to significantly larger areas of gastric mucosal damage. Upon ethanol administration, TLR4(+/+), and not TLR4(-/-), mice showed significant increases in TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), cytoplasmic high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65). PDTC pretreatment significantly attenuated the ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damaged areas, inhibited nuclear NF-κB p65 expression, and suppressed HMGB1 translocation out of the nucleus. In addition, PDTC pretreatment reduced ethanol-stimulated expression of the inflammatory modulators, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in serum. CONCLUSIONS Both deficient and excessive expression of TLR4 promotes ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. The underlying mechanism involves the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and the HMGB1, TLR4 activator ligand. The increased expression of HMGB1 may lead to increased secretion and binding to TLR4, further stimulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and aggravating the ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury.
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Inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 as therapeutic option in autoimmune disease: lessons from animal models. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2013; 25:254-9. [PMID: 23249831 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32835cee2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a molecule that has gained much attention in the last couple of years as an important player in innate immune responses and modulating factor in several (auto)immune diseases. Furthermore, advancements have been made in identifying the diverse functions that HMGB1 can play in the body by studying its receptors, pathways and effects. This review will focus on the modulation of HMGB1 in animal models of (auto)immune diseases. RECENT FINDINGS In different disease models like sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion and arthritis, HMGB1-blocking therapies have been tested and the disease course was shown to be ameliorated. SUMMARY These findings indicate that HMGB1 is an important mediator in innate immunity, inflammation and sterile injury. Furthermore, HMGB1 might be a new therapeutic target in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, which may be translated to the clinic.
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Decreased expression of sirtuin 6 is associated with release of high mobility group box-1 after cerebral ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:388-94. [PMID: 23899523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) belongs to the sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases and has been implicated in the regulation of metabolism, inflammation, and aging. Here, we found that SIRT6 was predominantly expressed in neuronal cells throughout the entire brain. Ischemia models using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats and oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells showed that ischemia reduced SIRT6 expression and induced the release of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) from cell nuclei. The reduced expression of SIRT6 via treatment with SIRT6 siRNA dramatically enhanced the OGD-induced release of HMGB1 in SH-SY5Y cells. Together, our data suggest that SIRT6 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HMGB1-mediated inflammation after cerebral ischemia.
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Nishiike S, Hiramatsu T, Shiraishi M, Ueda Y, Tsuchida H. Relationship between vascular reactivity and expression of HMGB1 in a rat model of septic aorta. J Anesth 2013; 27:684-92. [PMID: 23532259 PMCID: PMC3824914 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-013-1584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Intruoduction High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous nuclear protein, induces several inflammatory diseases and functions as a fatal factor when released extracellularly. The effect of HMGB1 on vascular reactivity during sepsis remains to be clarified. Methods A rat model of abdominal sepsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) under sevoflurane anesthesia (n = 28). Anti-HMGB1 antibody at a dose of 4 or 0.4 mg/kg, or normal saline was injected twice intravenously, i.e., immediately after the CLP surgery and 4 h thereafter. Rats in the sham group underwent laparotomy, and the cecum was manipulated but not ligated or punctured. The descending thoracic aorta was excised 12 h after the CLP surgery and cut into rings of approximately 3 mm in length. Changes in the expression of HMGB1 and vascular reactivity were examined in the rings shortly after harvest and 4 h thereafter. Results HMGB1 was identified immunohistochemically and by Western blotting in the nuclei of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells in all groups shortly after excision of the aorta, but its expression was augmented only in the CLP groups 4 h thereafter. Degenerated smooth muscle cells were also observed after CLP. Anti-HMGB1 antibody dose-dependently inhibited the augmentation of HMGB1 expression and the morphological changes induced by CLP. The expression of HMGB1 partly correlated with suppression of vascular reactivity. Conclusion The present results strongly suggest that HMGB1 plays an important role in vascular malfunction from an early phase of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nishiike
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan,
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Zhang Y, Li W, Zhu S, Jundoria A, Li J, Yang H, Fan S, Wang P, Tracey KJ, Sama AE, Wang H. Tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate facilitates endocytic HMGB1 uptake. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1492-500. [PMID: 23022229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our seminal discovery of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a late mediator of lethal systemic inflammation has prompted a new field of investigation for the development of experimental therapeutics. We previously reported that a major Danshen ingredient, tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate (TSN-SS), selectively inhibited endotoxin-induced HMGB1 release and conferred protection against lethal endotoxemia and sepsis. To investigate the underlying mechanisms by which TSN-SS effectively inhibits HMGB1 release, we examined whether TSN-SS stimulates HMGB1 uptake by macrophages and whether genetic depletion of HMGB1 receptors [e.g., toll-like receptors (TLR)2, TLR4, or the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE)] or pharmacological inhibition of endocytosis impairs TSN-SS-facilitated HMGB1 cellular uptake. TSN-SS stimulated internalization of exogenous HMGB1 protein into macrophage cytoplasmic vesicles that subsequently co-localized with microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-positive punctate structures (likely amphisomes). Meanwhile, it time-dependently elevated cellular levels of internalized HMGB1, leading to elevated LC3-II production and aggregation. Although genetic depletion of TLR2, TLR4, and/or RAGE did not impair TSN-SS-mediated HMGB1 uptake, specific inhibitors of the clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis significantly impaired TSN-SS-mediated HMGB1 uptake. Co-treatment with a lysosomal inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, led to enhanced accumulation of endogenous LC3-II and internalized exogenous HMGB1 in TSN-SS/rHMGB1-treated macrophages. Taken together, these findings suggest that TSN-SS may facilitate HMGB1 endocytic uptake, and subsequently delivered it to LC3-positive vacuoles (possibly amphisomes) for degradation via a lysosome-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Zhang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Wu H, Gao M, Ha T, Kelley J, Young A, Breuel K. Prunella vulgaris aqueous extract attenuates IL-1β-induced apoptosis and NF-κB activation in INS-1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:919-924. [PMID: 22969993 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Prunella vulgaris aqueous extract (PVAE) promotes hepatic glycogen synthesis and decreases postprandial hyperglycemia in ICR mice. Inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study was designed to examine whether PVAE has a protective effect on IL-1β-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells. INS-1 pancreatic β cells were plated at 2×10(6)/ml and treated with PVAE (100 µg/ml) 30 min before the cells were challenged with IL-1β (10 ng/ml). Untreated INS-1 cells served as control. INS-1 cell cytotoxicity was examined by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assays. Caspase-3 activity and activation of the apoptotic signaling pathway were analyzed by western blotting. NF-κB binding activity was examined by EMSA. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. IL-1β treatment significantly induced INS-1 cell death by 49.2%, increased LDH activity by 1.5-fold and caspase-3 activity by 7.6-fold, respectively, compared with control cells. However, PVAE administration significantly prevented IL-1β-increased INS-1 cell death and LDH activity and attenuated IL-1β-increased caspase-3 activity. Western blot data showed that PVAE also significantly attenuated IL-1β-increased Fas, FasL and phospho-JNK levels in the INS-1 cells. In addition, PVAE treatment significantly attenuated IL-1β-increased NF-κB binding activity and prevented IL-1β-increased TNF-α and IL-6 expression in INS-1 cells. Our data suggest that PVAE has a protective effect on IL-1β-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis. PVAE also attenuates IL-1β-increased NF-κB binding activity and inflammatory cytokine expression in INS-1 cells. PVAE may have a benefit for type I diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Pre-Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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