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Liu T, Wu C, Jain MR, Nagarajan N, Yan L, Dai H, Cui C, Baykal A, Pan S, Ago T, Sadoshima J, Li H. Master redox regulator Trx1 upregulates SMYD1 & modulates lysine methylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1816-1822. [PMID: 26410624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is а antioxidant protein that regulates protein disulfide bond reduction, transnitrosylation, denitrosylation and other redox post-translational modifications. In order to better understand how Trx1 modulates downstream protective cellular signaling events following cardiac ischemia, we conducted an expression proteomics study of left ventricles (LVs) after thoracic aortic constriction stress treatment of transgenic mice with cardiac-specific over-expression of Trx1, an animal model that has been proven to withstand more stress than its non-transgenic littermates. Although previous redox post-translational modifications proteomics studies found that several cellular protein networks are regulated by Trx1-mediated disulfide reduction and transnitrosylation, we found that Trx1 regulates the expression of a limited number of proteins. Among the proteins found to be upregulated in this study was SET and MYND domain-containing protein 1 (SMYD1), a lysine methyltransferase highly expressed in cardiac and other muscle tissues and an important regulator of cardiac development. The observation of SMYD1 induction by Trx1 following thoracic aortic constriction stress is consistent with the retrograde fetal gene cardiac protection hypothesis. The results presented here suggest for the first time that, in addition to being a master redox regulator of protein disulfide bonds and nitrosation, Trx1 may also modulate lysine methylation, a non-redox post-translational modification, via the regulation of SMYD1 expression. Such crosstalk between redox signaling and a non-redox PTM regulation may provide novel insights into the functions of Trx1 that are independent from its immediate function as a protein reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Changgong Wu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Mohit Raja Jain
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Narayani Nagarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Lin Yan
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Huacheng Dai
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Chuanlong Cui
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Ahmet Baykal
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Stacey Pan
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
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Yabluchanskiy A, Ma Y, Iyer RP, Hall ME, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinase-9: Many shades of function in cardiovascular disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 28:391-403. [PMID: 24186934 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00029.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, one of the most widely investigated MMPs, regulates pathological remodeling processes that involve inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular disease. MMP-9 directly degrades extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and activates cytokines and chemokines to regulate tissue remodeling. MMP-9 deletion or inhibition has proven overall beneficial in multiple animal models of cardiovascular disease. As such, MMP-9 expression and activity is a common end point measured. MMP-9 cell-specific overexpression, however, has also proven beneficial and highlights the fact that little information is available on the underlying mechanisms of MMP-9 function. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of MMP-9 physiology, including structure, regulation, activation, and downstream effects of increased MMP-9. We discuss MMP-9 roles during inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular disease. By concentrating on the substrates of MMP-9 and their roles in cardiovascular disease, we explore the overall function and discuss future directions on the translational potential of MMP-9 based therapies.
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Pham CTN. Neutrophil serine proteases fine-tune the inflammatory response. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:1317-33. [PMID: 18180196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil serine proteases are granule-associated enzymes known mainly for their function in the intracellular killing of pathogens. Their extracellular release upon neutrophil activation is traditionally regarded as the primary reason for tissue damage at the sites of inflammation. However, studies over the past several years indicate that neutrophil serine proteases may also be key regulators of the inflammatory response. Neutrophil serine proteases specifically process and release chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, thus modulating their biological activity. In addition, neutrophil serine proteases activate and shed specific cell surface receptors, which can ultimately prolong or terminate cytokine-induced responses. Moreover, it has been proposed that these proteases can impact cell viability through their caspase-like activity and initiate the adaptive immune response by directly activating lymphocytes. In summary, these studies point to neutrophil serine proteases as versatile mediators that fine-tune the local immune response and identify them as potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T N Pham
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8045, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Tan FL, Moravec CS, Li J, Apperson-Hansen C, McCarthy PM, Young JB, Bond M. The gene expression fingerprint of human heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:11387-92. [PMID: 12177426 PMCID: PMC123266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.162370099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathways are responsible for transducing mechanical and hormonal stimuli into changes in gene expression during heart failure. In this study our goals were (i) to develop a sound statistical method to establish a comprehensive cutoff point for identification of differentially expressed genes, (ii) to identify a gene expression fingerprint for heart failure, (iii) to attempt to distinguish different etiologies of heart failure by their gene expression fingerprint, and (iv) to identify gene clusters that show coordinated up- or down-regulation in human heart failure. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to profile seven nonfailing (NF) and eight failing (F) human hearts with a diagnosis of end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. Biological and experimental variability of the hybridization data were analyzed, and then a statistical analysis procedure was developed, including Student's t test after log-transformation and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test. A comprehensive cutoff point composed of fold change, average difference, and absolute call was then established and validated by TaqMan PCR. Of 6,606 genes on the GeneChip, 103 genes in 10 functional groups were differentially expressed between F and NF hearts. A dendrogram identified a gene expression fingerprint of F and NF hearts and also distinguished two F hearts with distinct etiologies (familial and alcoholic cardiomyopathy, respectively) with different expression patterns. K means clustering also revealed two potentially novel pathways associated with up-regulation of atrial natriuretic factor and brain natriuretic peptide and with increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Gene expression fingerprints may be useful indicators of heart failure etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Lai Tan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Adkison AM, Raptis SZ, Kelley DG, Pham CTN. Dipeptidyl peptidase I activates neutrophil-derived serine proteases and regulates the development of acute experimental arthritis. J Clin Invest 2002; 109:363-71. [PMID: 11827996 PMCID: PMC150852 DOI: 10.1172/jci13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment in inflammation is critical for host defense, but excessive accumulation of inflammatory cells can lead to tissue damage. Neutrophil-derived serine proteases (cathepsin G [CG], neutrophil elastase [NE], and proteinase 3 [PR3]) are expressed specifically in mature neutrophils and are thought to play an important role in inflammation. To investigate the role of these proteases in inflammation, we generated a mouse deficient in dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) and established that DPPI is required for the full activation of CG, NE, and PR3. Although DPPI(-/-) mice have normal in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis and in vivo neutrophil accumulation during sterile peritonitis, they are protected against acute arthritis induced by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies against type II collagen. Specifically, there is no accumulation of neutrophils in the joints of DPPI(-/-) mice. This protective effect correlates with the inactivation of neutrophil-derived serine proteases, since NE(-/-) x CG(-/-) mice are equally resistant to arthritis induction by anti-collagen antibodies. In addition, protease-deficient mice have decreased response to zymosan- and immune complex-mediated inflammation in the subcutaneous air pouch. This defect is accompanied by a decrease in local production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. These results implicate DPPI and polymorphonuclear neutrophil-derived serine proteases in the regulation of cytokine production at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M Adkison
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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