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López-González Z, Ayala-Aguilera C, Martinez-Morales F, Galicia-Cruz O, Salvador-Hernández C, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Medeiros M, Hernández AM, Escobar LI. Immunolocalization of hyperpolarization-activated cationic HCN1 and HCN3 channels in the rat nephron: regulation of HCN3 by potassium diets. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 145:25-40. [PMID: 26515056 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cationic and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) comprise four homologous subunits (HCN1-HCN4). HCN channels are found in excitable and non-excitable tissues in mammals. We have previously shown that HCN2 may transport ammonium (NH4 (+)), besides sodium (Na(+)), in the rat distal nephron. In the present work, we identified HCN1 and HCN3 in the proximal tubule (PT) and HCN3 in the thick ascending limb of Henle (TALH) of the rat kidney. Immunoblot assays detected HCN1 (130 kDa) and HCN3 (90 KDa) and their truncated proteins C-terminal HCN1 (93 KDa) and N-terminal HCN3 (65 KDa) in enriched plasma membranes from cortex (CX) and outer medulla (OM), as well as in brush-border membrane vesicles. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed apical localization of HCN1 and HCN3 in the PT. HCN3 was also found at the basolateral membrane of TALH. We evaluated chronic changes in mineral dietary on HCN3 protein abundance. Animals were fed with three different diets: sodium-deficient (SD) diet, potassium-deficient (KD) diet, and high-potassium (HK) diet. Up-regulation of HCN3 was observed in OM by KD and in CX and OM by HK; the opposite effect occurred with the N-terminal truncated HCN3 in CX (KD) and OM (HK). SD diet did not produce any change. Since HCN channels activate with membrane hyperpolarization, our results suggest that HCN channels may play a role in the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, contributing to Na(+), K(+), and acid-base homeostasis in the rat kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaeli López-González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico, DF, México
| | - Cosete Ayala-Aguilera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico, DF, México
| | - Flavio Martinez-Morales
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Othir Galicia-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Carolina Salvador-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico, DF, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, México
| | - Mara Medeiros
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México, México
| | - Ana Maria Hernández
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México, México
| | - Laura I Escobar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico, DF, México.
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ROBERTS KE, RANDALL HT, SANDERS HL, HOOD M. Effects of potassium on renal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate. J Clin Invest 2003; 34:666-72. [PMID: 14367521 PMCID: PMC438673 DOI: 10.1172/jci103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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3
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Weinstein AM. Mathematical models of renal fluid and electrolyte transport: acknowledging our uncertainty. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003; 284:F871-84. [PMID: 12676732 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00330.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical models of renal tubular function, with detail at the cellular level, have been developed for most nephron segments, and these have generally been successful at capturing the overall bookkeeping of solute and water transport. Nevertheless, considerable uncertainty remains about important transport events along the nephron. The examples presented include the role of proximal tubule tight junctions in water transport and in regulation of Na(+) transport, the mechanism by which axial flow in proximal tubule modulates solute reabsorption, the effect of formate on proximal Cl(-) transport, the assessment of potassium transport along collecting duct segments inaccessible to micropuncture, the assignment of pathways for peritubular Cl(-) exit in outer medullary collecting duct, and the interaction of carbonic anhydrase-sensitive and -insensitive pathways for base exit from inner medullary collecting duct. Some of these uncertainties have had intense experimental interest well before they were cast as modeling problems. Indeed, many of the renal tubular models have been developed based on data acquired over two or three decades. Nevertheless, some uncertainties have been delineated as the result of model exploration and represent communications from the modelers back to the experimental community that certain issues should not be considered closed. With respect to model refinement, incorporating more biophysical detail about individual transporters will certainly enhance model reliability, but ultimate confidence in tubular models will still be contingent on experimental development of critical information at the tubular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Weinstein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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RELMAN AS, ROY AM, SCHWARTZ WB. The acidifying effect of rubidium in normal and potassium-deficient alkalotic rats. J Clin Invest 2003; 34:538-44. [PMID: 14367508 PMCID: PMC438659 DOI: 10.1172/jci103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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5
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TOUSSAINT C, TELERMAN M, VEREERSTRAETEN P. Effect of potassium salts administration on the renal excretion of bicarbonate during acute respiratory acidosis and hypochloremic alkalosis in the dog. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 15:232-4. [PMID: 13672188 DOI: 10.1007/bf02158124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Chapter 10 Potassium and Acid-Base Balance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2161(08)60414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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8
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9
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Monclair T, Sejersted OM, Kiil F. Influence of plasma potassium concentration on the capacity for sodium reabsorption in the diluting segment of the kidney. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1980; 40:27-36. [PMID: 7367809 DOI: 10.3109/00365518009091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Gende OA, Camilión de Hurtado MC, Cingolani EH. Chronotropic response of isolated atria to acid base alterations. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET DE BIOCHIMIE 1978; 86:997-1009. [PMID: 87182 DOI: 10.3109/13813457809055959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of acid-base alterations on spontaneous rate was analysed using isolated atria exposed to cumulative degrees of acidosis produced either by adding HCl or by increasing PCO2 in the incubation medium. Frequncy vs. pH curves were made to assess chronotropic response to acid-base changes. Heart rate was increased in alkalosis and decreased when the pH of the medium was lowered. Both "respiratory" and "metabolic" alterations affected the contraction rate to the same extent. Decreasing pH from normal values seemed to decrease heart rate more than the enhancement produced by the same change in pH towards the alkalotic side. When frequency was plotted as a function of hydrogen ion activity (aH+) a more linear relationship was obtained, either with pure "metabolic" or with "respiratory" acid-base alterations. Increasing (aH+) from normal values seemed to decrease heart rate to the same extent (respiratory alterations) or even less (metabolic alterations) than the enhancement produced by the same change in (aH+) towards the alkalotic side. Neither the increase in rate produced by alkalosis nor the decrease induced by acidosis were prevented by blocking the neurotransmitters by atropine or propranolol.
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Hiatt N, Chapman LW. Acetazolamide impairment of the transfer of infused K from extracellular to intracellular fluid. Life Sci 1978; 22:415-20. [PMID: 25365 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Renal ammonia production appears to be intimately related to potassium homeostasis, and the two may comprise the components of a closed loop regulatory system. Studies with both intact organisms and in vitro systems indicate that potassium depletion stimulates and chronic potassium-loading suppresses renal ammonia production. An increase in ammoniagenesis has been shown to decrease potassium excretion. These observations suggest that changes in potassium modulate ammonia production, which in turn maintains hydrogen ion homeostasis and influences potassium excretion. Potassium depletion increases rat renal cortical ammonia production by altering metabolism in fashion identical to metabolic acidosis, but there is no convincing evidence that both processes are mediated by similar changes in either cellular hydrogen ion or potassium concentration. By contrast, potassium-loading, which depresses ammonia production, appears to affect primarily the outer medulla, a region that is not influenced by potassium depletion. Thus, potassium-loading apparently affects different portions of the renal tubule than depletion does, but the specific mechanism and physiologic significance of the different sites of action is unknown.
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Schmidt RW, Bricker NS, Gavellas G. Bicarbonate reabsorption in the dog with experimental renal disease. Kidney Int 1976; 10:287-94. [PMID: 994375 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1976.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal bicarbonate reabsorption (expressed per unit of glomerular filtration rate, GFR) has been reported to be diminished in uremic man and uremic rats. Both the increases in parathyroid hormone concentrations and in natriuretic forces have been considered to play a role in this change. The increased kaliuresis per nephron observed in chronic uremia could theoretically also contribute to inhibition of bicarbonate reabsorption. Despite the common use of normal dogs in studying bicarbonate reabsorption and of uremic dogs in studying alterations of renal function in disease, few studies of bicarbonate reabsorption in uremic dogs have been performed. In the present studies we have examined bicarbonate reabsorption in normal dogs and in dogs with experimental renal disease using a conventional bicarbonate titration technique. In unanesthetized normal dogs, the threshold for bicarbonaturia was 24.8 mEq/liter of GFR. A maximal reabsorptive rate (Tm/GFR) of 34.0 mEq/liter of GFR was obtained. In a second group of dogs, GFR was decreased to one-fifth normal. FENa was increased 16.9-fold over normal values: UKV/100 GFR and FEP were increased 5.8-fold and 10.9-fold, respectively. The threshold for bicarbonaturia in these dogs was increased to 30.5 mEq/liter of GFR and the maximal reabsorptive rate was increased to 41.2 mEq/liter of GFR. Thus, the capacity to reabsorb bicarbonate was increased despite the presence of high fractional excretion rates for sodium, potassium and phosphate. This increased reabsorptive capacity could not be accounted for by the effects of other known determinants of bicarbonate reabsorption.
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Aperia A, Berg U, Broberger O. Renal bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion in children with recurrent urinary tract infections. The effect of fluorohydrocortisone. ACTA PAEDIATRICA SCANDINAVICA 1974; 63:209-19. [PMID: 4820584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Spitzer A, Edelmann CM, Goldberg LD, Henneman PH. Short stature, hyperkalemia and acidosis: A defect in renal transport of potassium. Kidney Int 1973; 3:251-7. [PMID: 4792041 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1973.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Kassirer JP, Schwartz WB. Correction of metabolic alkalosis in man without repair of potassium deficiency. A re-evaluation of the role of potassium. Am J Med 1966; 40:19-26. [PMID: 5900685 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(66)90183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Zweifler AJ, Thompson GR. Correction of thiazide hyperuricemia by potassium chloride and ammonium chloride. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1965; 8:1134-44. [PMID: 5884822 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780080612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Andresen I. Untersuchungen über die Kaliurese unter der diuretischen Therapie mit Sulfamyl-Derivaten bei Gesunden und Ödemkranken. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1960. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02045036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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GIDEKEL LI, SHERLOCK P, PETERSON AS, VANAMEE P. Management of refractory fluid retention with a combination of L-arginine monohydrochloride and mercurials. N Engl J Med 1960; 263:221-6. [PMID: 13827990 DOI: 10.1056/nejm196008042630502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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FIRMAT J, VANAMEE P, KLAUBER L, KRAKOFF I, RANDALL HT. The artificial kidney in the treatment of renal failure and hyperuricemia in patients with lymphoma and leukemia. Cancer 1960; 13:276-82. [PMID: 13823038 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(196003/04)13:2<276::aid-cncr2820130211>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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KRUCK F. Titrierbare Urinacidit�t und Ammonium-Ausscheidung bei St�rungen der Hydrogenbilanz. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1958; 36:946-51. [PMID: 13612079 DOI: 10.1007/bf01486699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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23
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24
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ROBERTS KE, POPPELL JW, VANAMEE P, BEALS R, RANDALL HT. Evaluation of respiratory compensation in metabolic alkalosis. J Clin Invest 1956; 35:261-6. [PMID: 13286345 PMCID: PMC438803 DOI: 10.1172/jci103271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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26
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ROBERTS KE, VANAMEE P, RANDALL HT, WALKER JM. Common electrolyte abnormalities encountered in bowel surgery; mechanism of hypochloremic alkalosis, hypokalemic alkalosis and hyperchloremic acidosis. Surg Clin North Am 1955:1189-200. [PMID: 13267696 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)34680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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ESSELLIER AF, HOLTMEIER HJ, JEANNERET P. [Relations between chloride and potassium metabolism under effect of desoxycorticosterone acetate]. J Mol Med (Berl) 1955; 33:814-7. [PMID: 13264543 DOI: 10.1007/bf01473014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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GIEBISCH G, BERGER L, PITTS RF. The extrarenal response to acute acid-base disturbances of respiratory origin. J Clin Invest 1955; 34:231-45. [PMID: 13233345 PMCID: PMC438619 DOI: 10.1172/jci103076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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30
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DUFAULT FX, TOBIAS GJ. Potentially reversible renal failure following excessive calcium and alkali intake in peptic ulcer therapy. Am J Med 1954; 16:231-6. [PMID: 13124355 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(54)90339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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RELMAN AS, ETSTEN B, SCHWARTZ WB. The regulation of renal bicarbonate reabsorption by plasma carbon dioxide tension. J Clin Invest 1953; 32:972-8. [PMID: 13096563 PMCID: PMC438430 DOI: 10.1172/jci102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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