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Dantonio V, Batalhão ME, Fernandes MHMR, Komegae EN, Buqui GA, Lopes NP, Gargaglioni LH, Carnio ÉC, Steiner AA, Bícego KC. Nitric oxide and fever: immune-to-brain signaling vs. thermogenesis in chicks. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R896-905. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00453.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in thermogenesis but does not mediate immune-to-brain febrigenic signaling in rats. There are suggestions of a different situation in birds, but the underlying evidence is not compelling. The present study was designed to clarify this matter in 5-day-old chicks challenged with a low or high dose of bacterial LPS. The lower LPS dose (2 μg/kg im) induced fever at 3–5 h postinjection, whereas 100 μg/kg im decreased core body temperature (Tc) (at 1 h) followed by fever (at 4 or 5 h). Plasma nitrate levels increased 4 h after LPS injection, but they were not correlated with the magnitude of fever. The NO synthase inhibitor ( NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, l-NAME; 50 mg/kg im) attenuated the fever induced by either dose of LPS and enhanced the magnitude of the Tc reduction induced by the high dose in chicks at 31–32°C. These effects were associated with suppression of metabolic rate, at least in the case of the high LPS dose. Conversely, the effects of l-NAME on Tc disappeared in chicks maintained at 35–36°C, suggesting that febrigenic signaling was essentially unaffected. Accordingly, the LPS-induced rise in the brain level of PGE2 was not affected by l-NAME. Moreover, l-NAME augmented LPS-induced huddling, which is indicative of compensatory mechanisms to run fever in the face of attenuated thermogenesis. Therefore, as in rats, systemic inhibition of NO synthesis attenuates LPS-induced fever in chicks by affecting thermoeffector activity and not by interfering with immune-to-brain signaling. This may constitute a conserved effect of NO in endotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Dantonio
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Comparative Physiology (INCT-Fisiologia Comparada), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E. Batalhão
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia H. M. R. Fernandes
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evilin N. Komegae
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Gabriela A. Buqui
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane H. Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Comparative Physiology (INCT-Fisiologia Comparada), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Évelin C. Carnio
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. Steiner
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Kênia C. Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-Comparative Physiology (INCT-Fisiologia Comparada), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lin JH, Lin MT. Nitric oxide synthase-cyclo-oxygenase pathways in organum vasculosum laminae terminalis: possible role in pyrogenic fever in rabbits. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 118:179-85. [PMID: 8733593 PMCID: PMC1909491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Fever was induced in rabbits by administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS; 0.001-10 micrograms) into the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT). Deep body temperature was evaluated over a period of 7 h. 2. The LPS-induced febrile response was mimicked by intra-OVLT injection of the nitric oxide (NO) donors, S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 1-10 micrograms), sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 50 micrograms), or hydroxylamine (10 micrograms), the cyclic GMP analogue 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (8-Br-cyclic GMP, 10-100 micrograms), or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 0.2 micrograms). 3. Dexamethasone (Dex, a potent inhibitor of the transcription of inducible NO synthase, iNOS, 10 micrograms), anisomycin (a protein synthesis inhibitor, 100 micrograms), L-N5-(1-iminoethyl)ornithine (L-NIO; an irreversible NOS inhibitor, 10-200 micrograms), aminoguanidine (a specific iNOS inhibitor, 1000 micrograms), or NG-methyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA, a NOS inhibitor, 100 micrograms) inhibited fever induced by LPS when injected into the OVLT 1 h before LPS injection. An intra-OVLT dose of 1000 micrograms of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a potent inhibitor of constitutive NOS) did not exhibit antipyretic effects. 4. Methylene blue (an inhibitor of NOS and soluble guanylate cyclase, 1-10 micrograms), 6-(phenylamino)-5,8-quinolinedione (LY-83583; an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase and NO release, 20 micrograms), or indomethacin (an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase, COX, 400 micrograms) inhibited fever induced by LPS when injected into the OVLT 1 h before LPS injection. Pretreatment with methylene blue or haemoglobin (a NO scavenger, 100 micrograms) attenuated the fever induced by intra-OVLT injection of SNAP. 5. The PGE2-induced fever was potentiated, rather then attenuated, by pretreatment with an intra-OVLT dose of animoguanidine (1000 micrograms), L-NMMA (100 micrograms) or L-NIO (200 micrograms). 6. These results suggest that iNOS-COX pathways in the OVLT represent an important mechanism for modulation of pyrogenic fever in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Won SJ, Lin MT. Endogenous pyrogen formation by human blood monocytes stimulated by polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid. EXPERIENTIA 1993; 49:157-9. [PMID: 7680005 DOI: 10.1007/bf01989421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The pyrogenic response to supernatants from human blood monocytes stimulated with polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) was characteristic of a response to endogenous pyrogen in that it was brief and monophasic, and was destroyed by heating the supernatants at 70 degrees C for 30 min. Pyrogen production was unimpaired when the incubations were carried out in the presence of cycloheximide (50 micrograms/ml; an inhibitor of protein synthesis) or indomethacin (50 micrograms/ml; an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis). Also, neither interferon, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor nor prostaglandin E2 were detectable in the supernatants from the poly I:C-stimulated human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Won
- Department of Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Won SJ, Lin MT. Pyrogenicity of polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid in rabbits. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1991; 343:551-7. [PMID: 1715523 DOI: 10.1007/bf00169561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid injected intravenously into rabbits produced a rapid-onset, monophasic fever. Pyrogenic tolerance occurred in rabbits following daily injections of polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid. However, direct injection of the agent into the preoptic anterior hypothalamic region of rabbit's brain produced a markedly different fever. After an intrahypothalamic injection of polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid, fever was delayed in onset and persisted for a longer period. At room temperature, the fever was due to both increased metabolism and cutaneous vasoconstriction. In a colder atmosphere the fever was due solely to increased metabolism, whereas in the heat the fever was due to reduction in cutaneous blood flow and respiratory evaporative heat loss. In addition, the fever induced by intravenous polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid injection was reversed by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, but not by a protein synthesis inhibitor. Polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid was shown to stimulate PGE2 production from rabbit's hypothalamus in vitro. The results reveal that this agent is a prostaglandin-dependent pyrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Won
- Department of Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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