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de Sousa NA, Marani MM, Lopes ALF, Silva EM, Barbosa EA, Vasconcelos AG, Kuzniewski FTB, Lustosa SS, Gomes KP, Colugnati DB, Rocha JA, Santos LH, Benquerer MP, Quelemes P, Véras L, Moreira DC, Gadelha KKL, Magalhães PJC, Plácido A, Eaton P, Nicolau L, Medeiros JVR, Leite JRSA. BR-bombesin: a novel bombesin-related peptide from the skin secretion of the Chaco tree frog (Boana raniceps) with physiological gastric effects. Amino Acids 2022; 54:733-747. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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The gastrin-releasing peptide/bombesin system revisited by a reverse-evolutionary study considering Xenopus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13315. [PMID: 34172791 PMCID: PMC8233351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bombesin is a putative antibacterial peptide isolated from the skin of the frog, Bombina bombina. Two related (bombesin-like) peptides, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB) have been found in mammals. The history of GRP/bombesin discovery has caused little attention to be paid to the evolutionary relationship of GRP/bombesin and their receptors in vertebrates. We have classified the peptides and their receptors from the phylogenetic viewpoint using a newly established genetic database and bioinformatics. Here we show, by using a clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis), that GRP is not a mammalian counterpart of bombesin and also that, whereas the GRP system is widely conserved among vertebrates, the NMB/bombesin system has diversified in certain lineages, in particular in frog species. To understand the derivation of GRP system in the ancestor of mammals, we have focused on the GRP system in Xenopus. Gene expression analyses combined with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting experiments demonstrated that GRP peptides and their receptors are distributed in the brain and stomach of Xenopus. We conclude that GRP peptides and their receptors have evolved from ancestral (GRP-like peptide) homologues to play multiple roles in both the gut and the brain as one of the ‘gut-brain peptide’ systems.
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Tamura K, Kobayashi Y, Hirooka A, Takanami K, Oti T, Jogahara T, Oda SI, Sakamoto T, Sakamoto H. Identification of the sexually dimorphic gastrin-releasing peptide system in the lumbosacral spinal cord that controls male reproductive function in the mouse and Asian house musk shrew (Suncus murinus). J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:1586-1598. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tamura
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI); Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University; Ushimado, Setouchi Okayama 701-4303 Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kobayashi
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI); Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University; Ushimado, Setouchi Okayama 701-4303 Japan
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology; Department of Fisheries, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University; Nara 631-0052 Japan
| | - Asuka Hirooka
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI); Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University; Ushimado, Setouchi Okayama 701-4303 Japan
| | - Keiko Takanami
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI); Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University; Ushimado, Setouchi Okayama 701-4303 Japan
| | - Takumi Oti
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI); Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University; Ushimado, Setouchi Okayama 701-4303 Japan
| | - Takamichi Jogahara
- Laboratory of Animal Management and Resources; Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science; Okayama 700-0005 Japan
- Division of Bio-Resources; Department of Biotechnology, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
| | - Sen-ichi Oda
- Laboratory of Animal Management and Resources; Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science; Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI); Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University; Ushimado, Setouchi Okayama 701-4303 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI); Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University; Ushimado, Setouchi Okayama 701-4303 Japan
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Reeve JR, Washington MC, Park KH, Johnson T, Hunt J, Shively JE, Ronk M, Lee TD, Goto Y, Chew P, Ho FJ, Sayegh AI. Sequence analysis and feeding responses evoked by the large molecular form of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) in the rat GRP-29. Peptides 2014; 59:1-8. [PMID: 24993846 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microisolation techniques utilizing several reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) steps have resulted in the purification of two rat gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) forms suitable for microsequence and mass spectral analysis. The sequence of the larger form is APVSTGAGGGTVLAKMYPRGSHWAVGHLM-amide and the smaller form is GSHWAVGHLM-amide which is the carboxyl terminal decapeptide of the larger peptide. The peptides were synthesized and their feeding patterns e.g. first meal size (MS), intermeal interval (IMI) and satiety ratio (SR, IMI/MS) were determined in overnight food-, but not water deprived, male Sprague Dawley rats. The peptides were administered in the femoral vein (0, 0.21, 0.41 and 1.03 nmol/kg) immediately before presenting the rats with a 10% sucrose solution. We found that (1) GRP-10 (all doses) and GRP-29 (0.41 nmol/kg) reduced first MS, (2) both peptides prolonged IMI length and (3) both peptides increased the SR to similar extents. In conclusion, GRP-10 and GRP-29 are the two endogenous forms of GRP in the rat intestine and they reduce short term feeding to similar extents when administered intravenously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Reeve
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center VA GLAHS, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martha C Washington
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Karen H Park
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Tanisha Johnson
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Jizette Hunt
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - John E Shively
- Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mike Ronk
- Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Terry D Lee
- Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yoshi Goto
- Department of Physiology, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Peter Chew
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center VA GLAHS, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fang-Jen Ho
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center VA GLAHS, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ayman I Sayegh
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA.
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Foa L, Jensen K, Rajan I, Bronson K, Gasperini R, Worley PF, Tu JC, Cline HT. Homer expression in the Xenopus tadpole nervous system. J Comp Neurol 2005; 487:42-53. [PMID: 15861458 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Homer proteins are integral components of the postsynaptic density and are thought to function in synaptogenesis and plasticity. In addition, overexpression of Homer in the developing Xenopus retinotectal system results in axonal pathfinding errors. Here we report that Xenopus contains the homer1 gene, expressed as the isoform, xhomer1b, which is highly homologous to the mammalian homer1b. The mammalian homer1 gene is expressed as three isoforms, the truncated or short form homer1a and the long forms homer1b and -1c. For Xenopus, we cloned three very similar variants of homer1b, identified as Xenopus xhomer1b.1, xhomer1b.2, and xhomer1b.3, which display up to 98% homology with each other and 90% similarity to mammalian homer1b. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Xenopus also contains a truncated form of the Homer1 protein, which could be induced by kainic acid injection and is likely homologous to the mammalian Homer1a. xHomer1b expression was unaffected by neuronal activity levels but was developmentally regulated. Within the brain, the spatial and temporal distributions of both Homer isoforms were similar in the neuropil and cell body regions. Homer1 was detected in motor axons. Differential distribution of the two isoforms was apparent: Homer1b immunoreactivity was prominent at junctions between soma and the ventricular surface; in the retina, the Mueller radial glia were immunoreactive for Homer1, but not Homer1b, suggesting the retinal glia contain only the Homer1a isoform. Homer1b expression in muscle was prominent throughout development and was aligned with the actin striations in skeletal muscle. The high level of conservation of the xhomer1 gene and the protein expression in the developing nervous system suggest that Homer1 expression may be important for normal neuronal circuit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Foa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
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