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Abel B, Mares J, Hutzler J, Parajuli B, Kurada L, White JM, Propper BW, Stewart IJ, Burmeister DM. The degree of aortic occlusion in the setting of trauma alters the extent of acute kidney injury associated with mitochondrial preservation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F669-F679. [PMID: 38450433 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00323.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used to control noncompressible hemorrhage not addressed with traditional tourniquets. However, REBOA is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and subsequent mortality in severely injured trauma patients. Here, we investigated how the degree of aortic occlusion altered the extent of AKI in a porcine model. Female Yorkshire-cross swine (n = 16, 68.1 ± 0.7 kg) were anesthetized and had carotid and bilateral femoral arteries accessed for REBOA insertion and distal and proximal blood pressure monitoring. Through a laparotomy, a 6-cm liver laceration was performed and balloon inflation was performed in zone 1 of the aorta for 90 min, during which animals were randomized to target distal mean arterial pressures of 25 or 45 mmHg via balloon volume adjustment. Blood draws were taken at baseline, end of occlusion, and time of death, at which point renal tissues were harvested 6 h after balloon deflation for histological and molecular analyses. Renal blood flow was lower in the 25-mmHg group (48.5 ± 18.3 mL/min) than in the 45-mmHg group (177.9 ± 27.2 mL/min) during the occlusion phase, which recovered and was not different after balloon deflation. AKI was more severe in the 25-mmHg group, as evidenced by circulating creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. The 25-mmHg group had increased tubular necrosis, lower renal citrate synthase activity, increased tissue and circulating syndecan-1, and elevated systemic inflammatory cytokines. The extent of renal ischemia-induced AKI is associated with the magnitude of mitochondrial biomass and systemic inflammation, highlighting potential mechanistic targets to combine with partial REBOA strategies to prevent AKI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Large animal models of ischemia-reperfusion acute kidney injury (IR-AKI) are lacking. This report establishes a titratable IR-AKI model in swine in which a balloon catheter can be used to alter distal pressures experienced by the kidney, thus controlling renal blood flow. Lower blood flow results in greater renal dysfunction and structural damage, as well as lower mitochondrial biomass, elevated systemic inflammation, and vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biebele Abel
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Incorporated, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - John Mares
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Incorporated, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Justin Hutzler
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Incorporated, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Babita Parajuli
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Lalitha Kurada
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Incorporated, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Joseph M White
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Brandon W Propper
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ian J Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - David M Burmeister
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Zhu XY, Klomjit N, Pawar AS, Puranik AS, Yang ZZ, Lutgens E, Eirin A, Lerman A, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Altered immune cell phenotypes within chronically ischemic human kidneys distal to occlusive renal artery disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F257-F264. [PMID: 38031731 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00234.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a major cause of ischemic kidney disease, which is largely mediated by inflammation. Mapping the immune cell composition in ischemic kidneys might provide useful insight into the disease pathogenesis and uncover therapeutic targets. We used mass cytometry (CyTOF) to explore the single-cell composition in a unique data set of human kidneys nephrectomized due to chronic occlusive vascular disease (RAS, n = 3), relatively healthy donor kidneys (n = 6), and unaffected sections of kidneys with renal cell carcinoma (RCC, n = 3). Renal fibrosis and certain macrophage populations were also evaluated in renal sections. Cytobank analysis showed in RAS kidneys decreased cell populations expressing epithelial markers (CD45-/CD13+) and increased CD45+ inflammatory cells, whereas scattered tubular-progenitor-like cells (CD45-/CD133+/CD24+) increased compared with kidney donors. Macrophages switched to proinflammatory phenotypes in RAS, and the numbers of IL-10-producing dendritic cells (DC) were also lower. Compared with kidney donors, RAS kidneys had decreased overall DC populations but increased plasmacytoid DC. Furthermore, senescent active T cells (CD45+/CD28+/CD57+), aged neutrophils (CD45+/CD15+/CD24+/CD11c+), and regulatory B cells (CD45+/CD14-/CD24+/CD44+) were increased in RAS. RCC kidneys showed a distribution of cell phenotypes comparable with RAS but less pronounced, accompanied by an increase in CD34+, CD370+, CD103+, and CD11c+/CD103+ cells. Histologically, RAS kidneys showed significantly increased fibrosis and decreased CD163+/CD141+ cells. The single-cell platform CyTOF enables the detection of significant changes in renal cells, especially in subsets of immune cells in ischemic human kidneys. Endogenous pro-repair cell types in RAS warrant future study for potential immune therapy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The single-cell platform mass cytometry (CyTOF) enables detection of significant changes in one million of renal cells, especially in subsets of immune cells in ischemic human kidneys distal to renal artery stenosis (RAS). We found that pro-repair cell types such as scattered tubular-progenitor-like cells, aged neutrophils, and regulatory B cells show a compensatory increase in RAS. Immune cell phenotype changes may reflect ongoing inflammation and impaired immune defense capability in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Nattawat Klomjit
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Aditya S Pawar
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Amrutesh S Puranik
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Zhi-Zhang Yang
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Luo L, An X, Xiao Y, Sun X, Li S, Wang Y, Sun W, Yu D. Mitochondrial-related microRNAs and their roles in cellular senescence. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1279548. [PMID: 38250662 PMCID: PMC10796628 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1279548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural aspect of mammalian life. Although cellular mortality is inevitable, various diseases can hasten the aging process, resulting in abnormal or premature senescence. As cells age, they experience distinctive morphological and biochemical shifts, compromising their functions. Research has illuminated that cellular senescence coincides with significant alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. Notably, a subset of aging-associated miRNAs, originally encoded by nuclear DNA, relocate to mitochondria, manifesting a mitochondria-specific presence. Additionally, mitochondria themselves house miRNAs encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These mitochondria-residing miRNAs, collectively referred to as mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs), have been shown to influence mtDNA transcription and protein synthesis, thereby impacting mitochondrial functionality and cellular behavior. Recent studies suggest that mitomiRs serve as critical sensors for cellular senescence, exerting control over mitochondrial homeostasis and influencing metabolic reprogramming, redox equilibrium, apoptosis, mitophagy, and calcium homeostasis-all processes intimately connected to senescence. This review synthesizes current findings on mitomiRs, their mitochondrial targets, and functions, while also exploring their involvement in cellular aging. Our goal is to shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms by which mitomiRs contribute to the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Luo
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xingna An
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiguang Sun
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingzhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qianwei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Kazeminia S, Zhu XY, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, Herrmann SM, Chade AR, Irazabal MV, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Renal ischemia alters the transcriptomic and epigenetic profile of inflammatory genes in swine scattered tubular-like cells. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1265-1283. [PMID: 37606084 PMCID: PMC10644845 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) are differentiated renal tubular cells that during recovery from ischemic injury dedifferentiate to repair other injured renal cells. Renal artery stenosis (RAS), often associated with chronic inflammatory injury, compromises the integrity and function of STCs, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that RAS alters the transcriptomic and epigenetic profile of inflammatory genes in swine STCs. METHODS STCs were harvested from pig kidneys after 10 weeks of RAS or sham (n=6 each). STC mRNA profiles of inflammatory genes were analyzed using high-throughput mRNA-sequencing (seq) and their DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) profiles by DNA immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) (n=3 each), followed by an integrated (mRNA-seq/MeDIP-seq) analysis. STC protein expression of candidate differentially expressed (DE) genes and common proinflammatory proteins were subsequently assessed in vitro before and after epigenetic (Bobcat339) modulation. RESULTS mRNA-seq identified 57 inflammatory genes up-regulated in RAS-STCs versus Normal-STCs (>1.4 or <0.7-fold, P<0.05), of which 14% exhibited lower 5mC and 5% higher 5hmC levels in RAS-STCs versus Normal-STCs, respectively. Inflammatory gene and protein expression was higher in RAS-STCs compared with Normal-STCs but normalized after epigenetic modulation. CONCLUSIONS These observations highlight a novel modulatory mechanism of this renal endogenous repair system and support development of epigenetic or anti-inflammatory therapies to preserve the reparative capacity of STCs in individuals with RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kazeminia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kyra L. Jordan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ishran M. Saadiq
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sandra M. Herrmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alejandro R. Chade
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia
| | - Maria V. Irazabal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Prem PN, Chellappan DR, Kurian GA. High-fat diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with loss of protection from ischemic preconditioning in renal ischemia reperfusion. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:637-653. [PMID: 36867229 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and the latter act as a critical factor in determining the severity of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in different cell types. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a well-known protocol that render IR protection in kidney works via mitochondria. In the present study, we evaluated how HFD kidney with underlying mitochondrial changes respond to precondition protocol after IR induction. Wistar male rats were used in this study and were divided into two groups: SD (standard diet; n = 18) and HFD (high-fat diet; n = 18), which were further subdivided into sham, ischemia-reperfusion, and precondition groups at the end of the dietary regimen. Blood biochemistry, renal injury marker, creatinine clearance (CrCl), mitochondrial quality (fission, fusion, and phagy), mitochondrial function via ETC enzyme activities and respiration, and signalling pathway were analysed. Sixteen weeks of HFD administration to the rat deteriorated the renal mitochondrial health measured via 10% decline in mitochondrial respiration index ADP/O (in GM), reduced mitochondrial copy number (55%), biogenesis (56%), low bioenergetics potential (19% complex I + III and 15% complex II + III), increased oxidative stress, and reduced expression of mitochondrial fusion genes compared with SD rats. IR procedure in HFD rat kidney inflicted significant mitochondrial dysfunction and further deteriorated copy number along with impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. IPC could effectively ameliorate the renal ischemia injury in normal rat but failed to provide similar kind of protection in HFD rat kidney. Even though the IR-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in both normal and HFD rats were similar, the magnitude of overall dysfunction and corresponding renal injury and compromised physiology was high in HFD rats. This observation was further confirmed via in vitro protein translation assay in isolated mitochondria from normal and HFD rat kidney that showed significantly reduction in the response ability of mitochondria in HFD. In conclusion, the deteriorated mitochondrial function and its quality along with low mitochondrial copy number and downregulation of mitochondrial dynamic gene exhibited by HFD rat kidney augments the sensitivity of renal tissue towards the IR injury which leads to the compromised protective ability by ischemic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N Prem
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - David Raj Chellappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
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Guo G, Wang Y, Kou W, Gan H. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and predicting potential drugs. Front Genet 2022; 13:1062293. [PMID: 36579331 PMCID: PMC9792148 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1062293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To provide insights into the diagnosis and therapy of SA-AKI via ferroptosis genes. Methods: Based on three datasets (GSE57065, GSE30718, and GSE53771), we used weighted co-expression network analysis to identify the key regulators of SA-AKI, its potential biological functions, and constructed miRNA‒mRNA complex regulatory relationships. We also performed machine learning and in vitro cell experiments to identify ferroptosis genes that are significantly related to SA-AKI in the two datasets. The CIBERSORT algorithm evaluates the degree of infiltration of 22 types of immune cell. We compared the correlation between ferroptosis and immune cells by Pearson's correlation analysis and verified the key genes related to the immune response to reveal potential diagnostic markers. Finally, we predicted the effects of drugs and the potential therapeutic targets for septic kidney injury by pRRophetic. Results: We found 264 coDEGs involving 1800 miRNA molecules that corresponded to 210 coDEGs. The miRNA‒mRNA ceRNA interaction network was constructed to obtain the top-10 hub nodes. We obtained the top-20 ferroptosis genes, 11 of which were in the intersection. We also identified a relationship between ferroptosis genes and the immune cells in the AKI dataset, which showed that neutrophils were activated and that regulatory T cells were surpassed. Finally, we identified EHT1864 and salubrinal as potential therapeutic agents. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the roles of miR-650 and miR-296-3p genes in SA-AKI. Furthermore, we identified OLFM4, CLU, RRM2, SLC2A3, CCL5, ADAMTS1, and EPHX2 as potential biomarkers. The irregular immune response mediated by neutrophils and Treg cells is involved in the development of AKI and shows a correlation with ferroptosis genes. EHT 1864 and salubrinal have potential as drug candidates in patients with septic acute kidney injury.
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Luo S, Yang M, Zhao H, Han Y, Liu Y, Xiong X, Chen W, Li C, Sun L. Mitochondrial DNA-dependent inflammation in kidney diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rajagopalan KS, Glasstetter LM, Zhu XY, Thaler R, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, Herrmann SM, Chade AR, Irazabal MV, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Renal Ischemia Induces Epigenetic Changes in Apoptotic, Proteolytic, and Mitochondrial Genes in Swine Scattered Tubular-like Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1803. [PMID: 35681498 PMCID: PMC9180447 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) are dedifferentiated renal tubular cells endowed with progenitor-like characteristics to repair injured parenchymal cells. STCs may be damaged and rendered ineffective by renal artery stenosis (RAS), but the underlying processes remain unclear. We hypothesized that RAS alters the epigenetic landscape on DNA and the ensuing gene transcriptional profile of swine STCs. METHODS CD24+/CD133+ STCs were isolated from pig kidneys after 10 weeks of RAS or sham (n = 3 each) and their whole 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profiles were examined by 5mC and 5hmC immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-/hMeDIP-seq, respectively). A subsequent integrated (MeDIP/hMeDIP-seq/mRNA-seq) analysis was performed by comparing all online available gene sets using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Apoptosis, proteolysis, and mitochondrial structure and function were subsequently evaluated in vitro. RESULTS Differential expression (DE) analysis revealed 239 genes with higher and 236 with lower 5mC levels and 275 genes with higher and 315 with lower 5hmC levels in RAS-STCs compared to Normal-STCs (fold change ≥1.4 or ≤0.7, p ≤ 0.05). Integrated MeDIP-/hMeDIP-seq/mRNA-seq analysis identified several overlapping (DE-5mC/mRNA and DE-5hmC/mRNA levels) genes primarily implicated in apoptosis, proteolysis, and mitochondrial functions. Furthermore, RAS-STCs exhibited decreased apoptosis, mitochondrial matrix density, and ATP production, and increased intracellular amino acid concentration and ubiquitin expression. CONCLUSIONS Renal ischemia induces epigenetic changes in apoptosis-, proteolysis-, and mitochondria-related genes, which correlate with alterations in the transcriptomic profile and corresponding function of swine STCs. These observations may contribute to developing novel targeted interventions to preserve the reparative potency of STCs in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalnath S. Rajagopalan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (K.S.R.); (L.M.G.); (X.-Y.Z.); (H.T.); (K.L.J.); (I.M.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.V.I.); (L.O.L.)
| | - Logan M. Glasstetter
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (K.S.R.); (L.M.G.); (X.-Y.Z.); (H.T.); (K.L.J.); (I.M.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.V.I.); (L.O.L.)
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (K.S.R.); (L.M.G.); (X.-Y.Z.); (H.T.); (K.L.J.); (I.M.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.V.I.); (L.O.L.)
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (K.S.R.); (L.M.G.); (X.-Y.Z.); (H.T.); (K.L.J.); (I.M.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.V.I.); (L.O.L.)
| | - Kyra L. Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (K.S.R.); (L.M.G.); (X.-Y.Z.); (H.T.); (K.L.J.); (I.M.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.V.I.); (L.O.L.)
| | - Ishran M. Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (K.S.R.); (L.M.G.); (X.-Y.Z.); (H.T.); (K.L.J.); (I.M.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.V.I.); (L.O.L.)
| | - Sandra M. Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (K.S.R.); (L.M.G.); (X.-Y.Z.); (H.T.); (K.L.J.); (I.M.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.V.I.); (L.O.L.)
| | - Alejandro R. Chade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine and Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 55901, USA;
| | - Maria V. Irazabal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (K.S.R.); (L.M.G.); (X.-Y.Z.); (H.T.); (K.L.J.); (I.M.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.V.I.); (L.O.L.)
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (K.S.R.); (L.M.G.); (X.-Y.Z.); (H.T.); (K.L.J.); (I.M.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.V.I.); (L.O.L.)
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (K.S.R.); (L.M.G.); (X.-Y.Z.); (H.T.); (K.L.J.); (I.M.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.V.I.); (L.O.L.)
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Coordination of mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression regulation in health, evolution and disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Renal mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of CKD: mtDNA and mitomiRs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:345-360. [PMID: 35260892 PMCID: PMC10018514 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health concern that affects over 200 million people worldwide and is associated with a tremendous economic burden. Therefore, deciphering the mechanisms underpinning CKD is crucial to decelerate its progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal tubular cells are populated with a high number of mitochondria, which produce cellular energy and modulate several important cellular processes, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Over the past few years, increasing evidence has implicated renal mitochondrial damage in the pathogenesis of common etiologies of CKD, such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS), chronic renal ischemia, and polycystic kidney disease (PKD). However, most compelling evidence is based on preclinical studies because renal biopsies are not routinely performed in many patients with CKD. Previous studies have shown that urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of renal mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging data also suggest that CKD is associated with altered expression of mitochondria-related microRNAs (mitomiRs), which localize in mitochondria and regulate the expression of mtDNA and nucleus-encoded mitochondrial genes. This review summarizes relevant evidence regarding the involvement of renal mitochondrial injury and dysfunction in frequent forms of CKD. We further provide an overview of non-invasive biomarkers and potential mechanisms of renal mitochondrial damage, especially focusing on mtDNA and mitomiRs.
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11
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Emergent players in renovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:239-256. [PMID: 35129198 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renovascular disease (RVD) remains a common etiology of secondary hypertension. Recent clinical trials revealed unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes of renal revascularization, leading to extensive investigation to unravel key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying irreversible functional loss and structural damage in the chronically ischemic kidney. Research studies identified complex interactions among various players, including inflammation, fibrosis, mitochondrial injury, cellular senescence, and microvascular remodeling. This interplay resulted in a shift of our understanding of RVD from a mere hemodynamic disorder to a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathology strongly influenced by systemic diseases like metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Novel diagnostic approaches have been tested for early detection and follow-up of RVD progression, using new imaging techniques and biochemical markers of renal injury and dysfunction. Therapies targeting some of the pathological pathways governing the development of RVD have shown promising results in animal models, and a few have moved from bench to clinical research. This review summarizes evolving understanding in chronic ischemic kidney injury.
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Packialakshmi B, Stewart IJ, Burmeister DM, Feng Y, McDaniel DP, Chung KK, Zhou X. Tourniquet-induced lower limb ischemia/reperfusion reduces mitochondrial function by decreasing mitochondrial biogenesis in acute kidney injury in mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15181. [PMID: 35146957 PMCID: PMC8831939 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which lower limb ischemia/reperfusion induces acute kidney injury (AKI) remain largely uncharacterized. We hypothesized that tourniquet-induced lower limb ischemia/reperfusion (TILLIR) would inhibit mitochondrial function in the renal cortex. We used a murine model to show that TILLIR of the high thigh regions inflicted time-dependent AKI as determined by renal function and histology. This effect was associated with decreased activities of mitochondrial complexes I, II, V and citrate synthase in the kidney cortex. Moreover, TILLIR reduced mRNA levels of a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis PGC-1α, and its downstream genes NDUFS1 and ATP5o in the renal cortex. TILLIR also increased serum corticosterone concentrations. TILLIR did not significantly affect protein levels of the critical regulators of mitophagy PINK1 and PARK2, mitochondrial transport proteins Tom20 and Tom70, or heat-shock protein 27. TILLIR had no significant effect on mitochondrial oxidative stress as determined by mitochondrial ability to generate reactive oxygen species, protein carbonylation, or protein levels of MnSOD and peroxiredoxin1. However, TILLIR inhibited classic autophagic flux by increasing p62 protein abundance and preventing the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. TILLIR increased phosphorylation of cytosolic and mitochondrial ERK1/2 and mitochondrial AKT1, as well as mitochondrial SGK1 activity. In conclusion, lower limb ischemia/reperfusion induces distal AKI by inhibiting mitochondrial function through reducing mitochondrial biogenesis. This AKI occurs without significantly affecting PINK1-PARK2-mediated mitophagy or mitochondrial oxidative stress in the kidney cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Packialakshmi
- Department of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA
- The Henry Jackson M. Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ian J. Stewart
- Department of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - David M. Burmeister
- Department of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Yuanyi Feng
- Department of BiochemistryUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Dennis P. McDaniel
- Biomedical Instrumentation CenterUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Kevin K. Chung
- Department of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Chen XJ, Kim SR, Jiang K, Ferguson CM, Tang H, Zhu XY, Lerman A, Eirin A, Lerman LO. Renovascular Disease Induces Senescence in Renal Scattered Tubular-Like Cells and Impairs Their Reparative Potency. Hypertension 2021; 77:507-518. [PMID: 33390051 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs), dedifferentiated renal tubular epithelial cells, contribute to renal self-healing, but severe injury might blunt their effectiveness. We hypothesized that ischemic renovascular disease (RVD) induces senescence in STC and impairs their reparative potency. CD24+/CD133+ STCs were isolated from swine kidneys after 16 weeks of RVD or healthy controls. To test their reparative capabilities in injured kidneys, control or RVD-STC (5×105) were prelabeled and injected into the aorta of 2 kidneys, 1-clip (2k,1c) mice 2 weeks after surgery. Murine renal function and oxygenation were studied in vivo 2 weeks after injection using micro-magnetic resonance imaging, and fibrosis, tubulointerstitial injury, capillary density, and expression of profibrotic and inflammatory genes ex vivo. STC isolated from swine RVD kidneys showed increased gene expression of senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype markers and positive SA-β-gal staining. Delivery of normal pig STCs in 2k,1c mice improved murine renal perfusion, blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate, and downregulated profibrotic and inflammatory gene expression. These renoprotective effects were blunted using STC harvested from RVD kidneys, which also failed to attenuate hypoxia, fibrosis, tubular injury, and capillary loss in injured mouse 2k,1c kidneys. Hence, RVD may induce senescence in endogenous STC and impair their reparative capacity. These observations implicate cellular senescence in the pathophysiology of ischemic kidney disease and support senolytic therapy to permit self-healing of senescent kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Chen
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (X.-J.C.)
| | - Seo Rin Kim
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Division of Nephrology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Korea (S.R.K.)
| | - Kai Jiang
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Christopher M Ferguson
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hui Tang
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (X.-J.C., S.R.K., K.J., C.M.F., H.T., X.-Y.Z., A.E., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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