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Tsakiridis K, Mpakas A, Kesisis G, Arikas S, Argyriou M, Siminelakis S, Zarogoulidis P, Katsikogiannis N, Kougioumtzi I, Tsiouda T, Sarika E, Katamoutou I, Zarogoulidis K. Lung inflammatory response syndrome after cardiac-operations and treatment of lornoxicam. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6 Suppl 1:S78-98. [PMID: 24672703 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The majority of patients survive after extracorporeal circulation without any clinically apparent deleterious effects. However, disturbances exist in various degrees sometimes, which indicate the harmful effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the body. Several factors during extracorporeal circulation either mechanical dependent (exposure of blood to non-biological area) or mechanical independent (surgical wounds, ischemia and reperfusion, alteration in body temperature, release of endotoxins) have been shown to trigger the inflammatory reaction of the body. The complement activation, the release of cytokines, the leukocyte activation and accumulation as well as the production of several "mediators" such as oxygen free radicals, metabolites of arachidonic acid, platelet activating factors (PAF), nitric acid, and endothelin. The investigation continues today on the three metabolites of lornoxicam (the hydroxylated metabolite and two other metabolites of unknown chemical composition) to search for potential new pharmacological properties and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas Tsakiridis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Mpakas
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Kesisis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatis Arikas
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Argyriou
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Siminelakis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsikogiannis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kougioumtzi
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsiouda
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Sarika
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katamoutou
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, 2 Oncology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Cardiac Surgery Department, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Veikou 9-11, 11146 Athens, Greece ; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis P, Vretzkakis G, Mikroulis D, Mpakas A, Kesisis G, Arikas S, Kolettas A, Moschos G, Katsikogiannis N, Machairiotis N, Tsiouda T, Siminelakis S, Beleveslis T, Zarogoulidis K. Effect of lornoxicam in lung inflammatory response syndrome after operations for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6 Suppl 1:S7-S20. [PMID: 24672701 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.12.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of Extracorporeal Circulation (EC) significantly contributed to improvement of cardiac surgery, but this is accompanied by harmful side-effects. The most important of them is systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Many efforts have been undertaken to minimize this problem but unfortunately without satisfied solution to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lornoxicam is a non steroid anti-inflammatory drug which temporally inhibits the cycloxygenase. In this clinical trial we study the effect of lornoxicam in lung inflammatory response after operations for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. In our study we conclude 14 volunteers patients with ischemic coronary disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with EC. In seven of them 16 mg lornoxicam was administered iv before the anesthesia induction and before the connection in heart-lung machine. In control group (7 patients) we administered the same amount of normal saline. RESULTS Both groups are equal regarding pro-operative and intra-operative parameters. The inflammatory markers were calculated by Elisa method. We measured the levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, e-Selectin, p-Selectin) and matrix metaloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) just after anesthesia induction, before and after cardiopulmonary bypass, just after the patients administration in ICU and after 8 and 24 hrs. In all patients we estimated the lung's inflammatory reaction with lung biopsy taken at the begging and at the end of the operation. We calculated hemodynamics parameters: Cardiac Index (CI), Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (SVRI), Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (PVRI), Left Ventricular Stroke Work Index (LVSWI), Right Ventricular Stroke Work Index (RVSWI), and the Pulmonary arterial pressure, and respiratory parameters too: alveolo-arterial oxygen difference D (A-a), intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) and pulmonary Compliance. IL-6 levels of lornoxicam group were statistical significant lower at 1st postoperative day compared to them of control group (113±49 and 177±20 respectively, P=0.008). ICAM-1 levels were statistical significant lower at the patient admission in ICU, compared to them of control group (177±29 and 217±22 respectively, P=0.014), and the 1st postoperative day compared to them in control group (281±134 and 489±206 respectively, P=0.045). P-selectin levels were statistical significant lower, compared to them in control group in four measurements (97±23 and 119±7 respectively, P=0.030, 77±19 and 101±20 respectively, P=0.044, 86±4 and 105±13 respectively, P=0.06, 116±13 and 158±17 respectively, P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS Hemodynamics and respiratory parameters were improved compared to control group, but these differences was not statistical significant. Eosinofil adhesion and sequestration in intermediate tissue of lung parenchyma were significantly lower compared to control group. Also, alveolar edema was not noted in lornoxicam's group. Lornoxicam reduce the inflammatory response in patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation. This calculated from levels reduction of IL-6, ICAM-1 και p-Selectin, and from lung pathologoanatomic examination (absence of alveolar edema, reduce in eosinofil adhesion and sequestration in intermediate tissues). Despite the favorable effect of lornoxicam on the hemodinamics and respiratory parameters these improvement did not seem to be statistical significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas Tsakiridis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Giorgos Vretzkakis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Mikroulis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas Mpakas
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Kesisis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stamatis Arikas
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kolettas
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Giorgios Moschos
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsikogiannis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsiouda
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stavros Siminelakis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Thomas Beleveslis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 2 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 3 Anesthisiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 4 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 5 Oncology Department, 6 Anesthisology Department, 7 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 8 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 9 Internal Medicine Department, "Thegeneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 10 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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