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Liu B, Xia L, Li Y, Jiang S, Yu W, Zhang L, Shao XM, Xu Z, Xiao D. Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Raises Male Blood Pressure via FTO-Mediated NOX2/ROS Signaling. Hypertension 2024; 81:240-251. [PMID: 37795601 PMCID: PMC10873091 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure in pregnancy shows an increased risk of hypertension in offspring, but the mechanisms are unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that m6A RNA hypomethylation epigenetically regulates vascular NOX (NADPH oxidase) and reactive oxygen species production, contributing to the fetal programming of a hypertensive phenotype in nicotine-exposed offspring. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to episodic chronic intermittent nicotine aerosol (CINA) or saline aerosol control from gestational day 4 to day 21, and experiments were performed in 6-month-old adult offspring. RESULTS Antenatal CINA exposure augmented Ang II (angiotensin II)-stimulated blood pressure response in male, but not female offspring. Moreover, CINA increased vascular NOX2 expression and superoxide production exclusively in male offspring. Inhibition of NOX2 with gp91ds-tat, both ex vivo and in vivo, mitigated the CINA-induced elevation in superoxide production and blood pressure response. Notably, CINA enhanced the expression of vascular m6A demethylase FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein), while reducing the total vascular m6A abundance and specific m6A methylation of the NOX2 gene. Additionally, ex vivo inhibition of FTO with FB23-2 attenuated CINA-induced increases in vascular NOX2 expression. In vitro experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrated that nicotine dose-dependently upregulated FTO and NOX2 protein abundance, which were reversed by treatment with the FTO inhibitor FB23-2 or FTO knockdown using siRNAs. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers a new mechanism: m6A demethylase FTO-mediated epigenetic upregulation of vascular NOX2 signaling in CINA-induced hypertensive phenotype. This insight could lead to a therapeutic target for preventing and treating developmental hypertension programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailin Liu
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
- Perinatology Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
| | - Siyi Jiang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
| | - Wansu Yu
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA
| | - Zhice Xu
- Perinatology Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
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Young MJ, Tang M, Richard DJ, McLeod DSA, d'Emden MC, Richard K. Nicotine binds to the transthyretin-thyroxine complex and reduces its uptake by placental trophoblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 549:111642. [PMID: 35395343 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A supply of maternal thyroid hormone (thyroxine, T4) is essential for normal human fetal development. Human placental trophoblasts synthesize, secrete and take up the T4 binding protein transthyretin, providing a route for maternal T4 to enter the placenta. Transthyretin is also involved in T4 transport in other tissues such as the brain choroid plexus. Nicotine alters transthyretin synthesis and function in rat choroid plexus. If nicotine influences trophoblast turnover of transthyretin, then it may directly affect placental transfer of T4 to the developing fetus and contribute to the negative impacts of smoking on fetal growth, development and placental function. METHODS The effect of nicotine on trophoblast uptake of Alexa-labelled transthyretin was measured using live cell imaging. The effect of nicotine on protein expression was measured by western blotting. Interactions between transthyretin, T4 and nicotine were investigated using chemical cross-linking techniques and molecular dynamic simulations. RESULTS Nicotine blocks uptake of transthyretin-T4 by human placental trophoblast cells. Nicotine reduces the expression of the trophoblast scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) that plays a role in transthyretin-T4 uptake. Molecular dynamic modelling suggests that when T4 is bound to transthyretin, nicotine binding increases tetramer stability, reducing the ability of the transthyretin-T4 complex to enter trophoblast cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that nicotine exposure during pregnancy reduces transplacental transport of transthyretin and T4 to the placenta and developing fetus. This may contribute to the negative effects of smoking on fetal growth, development and pregnancy viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Young
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ming Tang
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald S A McLeod
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4029, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael C d'Emden
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4029, Australia
| | - Kerry Richard
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4029, Australia.
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Modeling drug exposure in rodents using e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 330:108458. [PMID: 31614162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Smoking tobacco products is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Coordinated efforts have successfully reduced tobacco cigarette smoking in the United States; however, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) recently have replaced traditional cigarettes for many users. While the clinical risks associated with long-term ENDS use remain unclear, advancements in preclinical rodent models will enhance our understanding of their overall health effects. This review examines the peripheral and central effects of ENDS-mediated exposure to nicotine and other drugs of abuse in rodents and evaluates current techniques for implementing ENDS in preclinical research.
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A mouse model for chronic intermittent electronic cigarette exposure exhibits nicotine pharmacokinetics resembling human vapers. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 326:108376. [PMID: 31361999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (E-cig) use is increasing rapidly, particularly among youths. Animal models for E-cig exposure with pharmacokinetics resembling human E-cig users are lacking. We developed an E-cig aerosol exposure system for rodents and a chronic intermittent delivery method that simulates E-cig users who vape episodically during wakefulness and abstain during sleep. Mice were exposed to E-cig in a programmed schedule at very low, low, medium, or high doses defined by duration of each puff, number of puffs per delivery episode and frequency of episodes in the dark phase of a 12/12-h circadian cycle for 9 consecutive days. The plasma nicotine/cotinine levels and their time courses were determined using LC/MS-MS. We assessed the body weight, food intake and locomotor activity of Apolipoprotein E null (ApoE-/-) mice exposed to chronic intermittent E-cig aerosol. Plasma nicotine and cotinine levels were positively correlated with exposure doses. Nicotine and cotinine levels showed a circadian variation as they increased with time up to the maximum nicotine level of 21.8 ± 7.1 ng/mL during the daily intermittent E-cig exposure in the 12-h dark phase and then declined during the light phase when there was no E-cig delivery. Chronic E-cig exposure to ApoE-/- mice decreased body weight, food intake and increased locomotion. Our rodent E-cig exposure system and chronic intermittent exposure method yield clinically relevant nicotine pharmacokinetics associated with behavioral and metabolic changes. The methodologies are essential tools for in vivo studies of the health impacts of E-cig exposure on CNS, cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic systems, metabolism and carcinogenesis.
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Espinoza-Derout J, Hasan KM, Shao XM, Jordan MC, Sims C, Lee DL, Sinha S, Simmons Z, Mtume N, Liu Y, Roos KP, Sinha-Hikim AP, Friedman TC. Chronic intermittent electronic cigarette exposure induces cardiac dysfunction and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H445-H459. [PMID: 31172811 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00738.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), also known as electronic nicotine delivery systems, are a popular alternative to conventional nicotine cigarettes, both among smokers and those who have never smoked. In spite of the widespread use of e-cigarettes and the proposed detrimental cardiac and atherosclerotic effects of nicotine, the effects of e-cigarettes on these systems are not known. In this study, we investigated the cardiovascular and cardiac effects of e-cigarettes with and without nicotine in apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. We developed an e-cigarette exposure model that delivers nicotine in a manner similar to that of human e-cigarettes users. Using commercially available e-cigarettes, bluCig PLUS, ApoE-/- mice were exposed to saline, e-cigarette without nicotine [e-cigarette (0%)], and e-cigarette with 2.4% nicotine [e-cigarette (2.4%)] aerosol for 12 wk. Echocardiographic data show that mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4%) had decreased left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction compared with e-cigarette (0%) and saline. Ventricular transcriptomic analysis revealed changes in genes associated with metabolism, circadian rhythm, and inflammation in e-cigarette (2.4%)-treated ApoE-/- mice. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that cardiomyocytes of mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4%) exhibited ultrastructural abnormalities indicative of cardiomyopathy. Additionally, we observed increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA mutations in mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4%). ApoE-/- mice on e-cigarette (2.4%) had also increased atherosclerotic lesions compared with saline aerosol-treated mice. These results demonstrate adverse effects of e-cigarettes on cardiac function in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study is the first to show that mice exposed to nicotine electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have decreased cardiac fractional shortening and ejection fraction in comparison with controls. RNA-seq analysis reveals a proinflammatory phenotype induced by e-cigarettes with nicotine. We also found increased atherosclerosis in the aortic root of mice treated with e-cigarettes with nicotine. Our results show that e-cigarettes with nicotine lead to detrimental effects on the heart that should serve as a warning to e-cigarette users and agencies that regulate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Espinoza-Derout
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kamrul M Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maria C Jordan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carl Sims
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Desean L Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Satyesh Sinha
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zena Simmons
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Norma Mtume
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenneth P Roos
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amiya P Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Theodore C Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Alkam T, Nabeshima T. Molecular mechanisms for nicotine intoxication. Neurochem Int 2019; 125:117-126. [PMID: 30779928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine, one of the more than 4700 ingredients in tobacco smoke, is a neurotoxin and once used as pesticides in agriculture. Although its use in agriculture is prohibited in many countries, nicotine intoxication is still a problem among the workers in tobacco farms, and young children as well as adults due to the accidental or suicidal ingestions of nicotine products. Understanding the mechanism of nicotine intoxication is important not only for the prevention and treatment but also for the appropriate regulatory approaches. Here, we review pharmacokinetics of nicotine and the molecular mechanisms for acute and chronic intoxication from nicotine that might be relevant to the central and the peripheral nervous system. We include green tobacco sickness, acute intoxication from popular nicotine products, circadian rhythm changes, chronic intoxication from nicotine through prenatal nicotine exposure, newborn behaviors, and sudden infant death syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tursun Alkam
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan; Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.
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