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Hu J, Liu J, Guo Y, Cao Z, Chen X, Zhang C. A collaborative robotic platform for sensor-aware fibula osteotomies in mandibular reconstruction surgery. Comput Biol Med 2023; 162:107040. [PMID: 37263153 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Precision and safety are crucial in performing fibula osteotomy during mandibular reconstruction with free fibula flap (FFF). However, current clinical methods, such as template-guided osteotomy, have the potential to cause damage to fibular vessels. To address the challenge, this paper introduces the development of the surgical robot for fibula osteotomies in mandibular reconstruction surgery and propose an algorithm for sensor-aware hybrid force-motion control for safe osteotomy, which includes three parts: osteotomy motion modeling from surgeons' demonstrations, Dynamic-system-based admittance control and osteotomy sawed-through detection. As a result, the average linear variation of the osteotomized segments was 1.08±0.41mm, and the average angular variation was 1.32±0.65∘. The threshold of osteotomy sawed-through detection is 0.5 at which the average offset is 0.5mm. In conclusion, with the assistance of surgical robot for mandibular reconstruction, surgeons can perform fibula osteotomy precisely and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Hu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhenggang Cao
- Institute of Medical Robot, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Institute of Medical Robot, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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2
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Application and Accuracy of Craniomaxillofacial Plastic Surgery Robot in Congenital Craniosynostosis Surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2023:00001665-990000000-00636. [PMID: 36935391 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to observe the accuracy and security of the craniomaxillofacial plastic surgery robot in congenital craniosynostosis surgery and to enhance and improve its performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed model surgical experiments on computed tomography data of 5 children with congenital craniosynostosis who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital, and model surgical experiments and animal experiments on the skulls of 3 Bama minipigs. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference shown either in model experiments or animal experiments in comparing the actual operation with the surgical simulation and inside the groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The craniomaxillofacial plastic surgery robot has achieved good security and accuracy in model surgery and animal experiments. Further studies are needed to be conducted to confirm its security and accuracy and to continuously improve and refine the robot's performance.
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3
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Grienberger C, Giovannucci A, Zeiger W, Portera-Cailliau C. Two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal activity. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:67. [PMID: 38124998 PMCID: PMC10732251 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In vivo two-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) is a technique used for recording neuronal activity in the intact brain. It is based on the principle that, when neurons fire action potentials, intracellular calcium levels rise, which can be detected using fluorescent molecules that bind to calcium. This Primer is designed for scientists who are considering embarking on experiments with 2PCI. We provide the reader with a background on the basic concepts behind calcium imaging and on the reasons why 2PCI is an increasingly powerful and versatile technique in neuroscience. The Primer explains the different steps involved in experiments with 2PCI, provides examples of what ideal preparations should look like and explains how data are analysed. We also discuss some of the current limitations of the technique, and the types of solutions to circumvent them. Finally, we conclude by anticipating what the future of 2PCI might look like, emphasizing some of the analysis pipelines that are being developed and international efforts for data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Grienberger
- Department of Biology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Giovannucci
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William Zeiger
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Portera-Cailliau
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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Cramer SW, Carter RE, Aronson JD, Kodandaramaiah SB, Ebner TJ, Chen CC. Through the looking glass: A review of cranial window technology for optical access to the brain. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 354:109100. [PMID: 33600850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering neurologic function is a daunting task, requiring understanding the neuronal networks and emergent properties that arise from the interactions among single neurons. Mechanistic insights into neuronal networks require tools that simultaneously assess both single neuron activity and the consequent mesoscale output. The development of cranial window technologies, in which the skull is thinned or replaced with a synthetic optical interface, has enabled monitoring neuronal activity from subcellular to mesoscale resolution in awake, behaving animals when coupled with advanced microscopy techniques. Here we review recent achievements in cranial window technologies, appraise the relative merits of each design and discuss the future research in cranial window design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Cramer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Mayo D429, MMC 96, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Russell E Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Room 421, 2001 Sixth Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455 MN, USA
| | - Justin D Aronson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Room 421, 2001 Sixth Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455 MN, USA
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Room 421, 2001 Sixth Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455 MN, USA.
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Mayo D429, MMC 96, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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5
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Ly PT, Lucas A, Pun SH, Dondzillo A, Liu C, Klug A, Lei TC. Robotic stereotaxic system based on 3D skull reconstruction to improve surgical accuracy and speed. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 347:108955. [PMID: 32971134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some experimental approaches in neuroscience research require the precise placement of a recording electrode, pipette or other tool into a specific brain area that can be quite small and/or located deep beneath the surface. This process is typically aided with stereotaxic methods but remains challenging due to a lack of advanced technology to aid the experimenter. Currently, procedures require a significant amount of skill, have a high failure rate, and take up a significant amount of time. NEW METHOD We developed a next generation robotic stereotaxic platform for small rodents by combining a three-dimensional (3D) skull profiler sub-system and a full six degree-of-freedom (6DOF) robotic platform. The 3D skull profiler is based on structured illumination in which a series of horizontal and vertical line patterns are projected onto an animal skull. These patterns are captured by two two-dimensional (2D) CCD cameras which reconstruct an accurate 3D skull surface profile based on structured illumination and geometrical triangulation. Using the reconstructed 3D profile, the skull can be repositioned using a 6DOF robotic platform to accurately align a surgical tool. RESULTS The system was evaluated using mechanical measurement techniques, and the accuracy of the platform was demonstrated using agar brain phantoms and animal skulls. Additionally, a small and deep brain nucleus (the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body) were targeted in rodents to confirm the targeting accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The new stereotaxic system can accomplish "skull-flat" rapidly and precisely and with minimal user intervention, and thus reduces the failure rate of such experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Ly
- The Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- The Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sio Hang Pun
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Anna Dondzillo
- The Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- The Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Achim Klug
- The Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tim C Lei
- The Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80204, USA; State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Kauvar IV, Machado TA, Yuen E, Kochalka J, Choi M, Allen WE, Wetzstein G, Deisseroth K. Cortical Observation by Synchronous Multifocal Optical Sampling Reveals Widespread Population Encoding of Actions. Neuron 2020; 107:351-367.e19. [PMID: 32433908 PMCID: PMC7687350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To advance the measurement of distributed neuronal population representations of targeted motor actions on single trials, we developed an optical method (COSMOS) for tracking neural activity in a largely uncharacterized spatiotemporal regime. COSMOS allowed simultaneous recording of neural dynamics at ∼30 Hz from over a thousand near-cellular resolution neuronal sources spread across the entire dorsal neocortex of awake, behaving mice during a three-option lick-to-target task. We identified spatially distributed neuronal population representations spanning the dorsal cortex that precisely encoded ongoing motor actions on single trials. Neuronal correlations measured at video rate using unaveraged, whole-session data had localized spatial structure, whereas trial-averaged data exhibited widespread correlations. Separable modes of neural activity encoded history-guided motor plans, with similar population dynamics in individual areas throughout cortex. These initial experiments illustrate how COSMOS enables investigation of large-scale cortical dynamics and that information about motor actions is widely shared between areas, potentially underlying distributed computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac V Kauvar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy A Machado
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elle Yuen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John Kochalka
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Minseung Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William E Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gordon Wetzstein
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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7
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Rynes ML, Ghanbari L, Schulman DS, Linn S, Laroque M, Dominguez J, Navabi ZS, Sherman P, Kodandaramaiah SB. Assembly and operation of an open-source, computer numerical controlled (CNC) robot for performing cranial microsurgical procedures. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1992-2023. [PMID: 32405052 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cranial microsurgery is an essential procedure for accessing the brain through the skull that can be used to introduce neural probes that measure and manipulate neural activity. Neuroscientists have typically used tools such as high-speed drills adapted from dentistry to perform these procedures. As the number of technologies available for neuroscientists has increased, the corresponding cranial microsurgery procedures to deploy them have become more complex. Using a robotic tool that automatically performs these procedures could standardize cranial microsurgeries across neuroscience laboratories and democratize the more challenging procedures. We have recently engineered a robotic surgery platform that utilizes principles of computer numerical control (CNC) machining to perform a wide variety of automated cranial procedures. Here, we describe how to adapt, configure and use an inexpensive desktop CNC mill equipped with a custom-built surface profiler for performing CNC-guided microsurgery on mice. Detailed instructions are provided to utilize this 'Craniobot' for performing circular craniotomies for coverslip implantation, large craniotomies for implanting transparent polymer skulls for cortex-wide imaging access and skull thinning for intact skull imaging. The Craniobot can be set up in <2 weeks using parts that cost <$1,500, and we anticipate that the Craniobot could be easily adapted for use in other small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew L Rynes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Leila Ghanbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Sousa Schulman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samantha Linn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Laroque
- Schools of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Judith Dominguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zahra S Navabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter Sherman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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8
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Suk HJ, Boyden ES, van Welie I. Advances in the automation of whole-cell patch clamp technology. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 326:108357. [PMID: 31336060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiology is the study of neural activity in the form of local field potentials, current flow through ion channels, calcium spikes, back propagating action potentials and somatic action potentials, all measurable on a millisecond timescale. Despite great progress in imaging technologies and sensor proteins, none of the currently available tools allow imaging of neural activity on a millisecond timescale and beyond the first few hundreds of microns inside the brain. The patch clamp technique has been an invaluable tool since its inception several decades ago and has generated a wealth of knowledge about the nature of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, sub-threshold and supra-threshold activity, and characteristics of action potentials related to higher order functions. Many techniques that evolve to be standardized tools in the biological sciences go through a period of transformation in which they become, at least to some degree, automated, in order to improve reproducibility, throughput and standardization. The patch clamp technique is currently undergoing this transition, and in this review, we will discuss various aspects of this transition, covering advances in automated patch clamp technology both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jun Suk
- Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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9
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Holst GL, Stoy W, Yang B, Kolb I, Kodandaramaiah SB, Li L, Knoblich U, Zeng H, Haider B, Boyden ES, Forest CR. Autonomous patch-clamp robot for functional characterization of neurons in vivo: development and application to mouse visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:2341-2357. [PMID: 30969898 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00738.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patch clamping is the gold standard measurement technique for cell-type characterization in vivo, but it has low throughput, is difficult to scale, and requires highly skilled operation. We developed an autonomous robot that can acquire multiple consecutive patch-clamp recordings in vivo. In practice, 40 pipettes loaded into a carousel are sequentially filled and inserted into the brain, localized to a cell, used for patch clamping, and disposed. Automated visual stimulation and electrophysiology software enables functional cell-type classification of whole cell-patched cells, as we show for 37 cells in the anesthetized mouse in visual cortex (V1) layer 5. We achieved 9% yield, with 5.3 min per attempt over hundreds of trials. The highly variable and low-yield nature of in vivo patch-clamp recordings will benefit from such a standardized, automated, quantitative approach, allowing development of optimal algorithms and enabling scaling required for large-scale studies and integration with complementary techniques. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In vivo patch-clamp is the gold standard for intracellular recordings, but it is a very manual and highly skilled technique. The robot in this work demonstrates the most automated in vivo patch-clamp experiment to date, by enabling production of multiple, serial intracellular recordings without human intervention. The robot automates pipette filling, wire threading, pipette positioning, neuron hunting, break-in, delivering sensory stimulus, and recording quality control, enabling in vivo cell-type characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Holst
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William Stoy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bo Yang
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ilya Kolb
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Lu Li
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | - Ulf Knoblich
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science , Seattle, Washington
| | - Bilal Haider
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Craig R Forest
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
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10
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Ghanbari L, Rynes ML, Hu J, Schulman DS, Johnson GW, Laroque M, Shull GM, Kodandaramaiah SB. Craniobot: A computer numerical controlled robot for cranial microsurgeries. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1023. [PMID: 30705287 PMCID: PMC6355931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, a plethora of tools has been developed for neuroscientists to interface with the brain. Implementing these tools requires precisely removing sections of the skull to access the brain. These delicate cranial microsurgical procedures need to be performed on the sub-millimeter thick bone without damaging the underlying tissue and therefore, require significant training. Automating some of these procedures would not only enable more precise microsurgical operations, but also facilitate widespread use of advanced neurotechnologies. Here, we introduce the “Craniobot”, a cranial microsurgery platform that combines automated skull surface profiling with a computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling machine to perform a variety of cranial microsurgical procedures on mice. The Craniobot utilizes a low-force contact sensor to profile the skull surface and uses this information to perform precise milling operations within minutes. We have used the Craniobot to perform intact skull thinning and open small to large craniotomies over the dorsal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghanbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mathew L Rynes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel S Schulman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory W Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Laroque
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gabriella M Shull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.
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11
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Liang B, Zhang L, Moffitt C, Li Y, Lin DT. An open-source automated surgical instrument for microendoscope implantation. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 311:83-88. [PMID: 30326202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gradient index (GRIN) lenses can be used to image deep brain regions otherwise inaccessible via standard optical imaging methods. Brain tissue aspiration before GRIN lens implantation is a widely adopted approach. However, typical brain tissue aspiration methods still rely on a handheld vacuum needle, which is subject to human error and low reproducibility. Therefore, a high-precision automated surgical instrument for brain tissue aspiration is desirable. NEW METHOD We developed a robotic surgical instrument that utilizes robotic control of a needle connected to a vacuum pump to aspirate brain tissue. The system was based on a commercial stereotaxic instrument, and the additional parts can be purchased off-the-shelf or Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machined. A MATLAB-based user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) was developed to control the instrument. RESULTS We demonstrated the GRIN lens implantation procedure in the dorsal striatum utilizing our proposed surgical instrument and confirmed the surgical results by microscope after the implantation. COMPARE WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Compared to the traditional handheld method, the automatic tissue aspiration can be performed by interacting with GUI. The instrument was designed specifically for microendoscope implantation, but it can also be easily adapted for robotic craniotomy. This robotic surgical instrument can minimize human error, reduce training time, and greatly increase surgical precision. CONCLUSIONS Our robotic surgical instrument is an ideal solution for brain tissue aspiration prior to GRIN lens implantation. It will be useful for neuroscientists performing in vivo deep brain imaging using miniature microscope or two-photon microscope combined with microendoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States.
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States.
| | - Casey Moffitt
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Yun Li
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States; Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming College of Arts and Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82071, United States
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
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12
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Scholvin J, Zorzos A, Kinney J, Bernstein J, Moore-Kochlacs C, Kopell N, Fonstad C, Boyden ES. Scalable, Modular Three-Dimensional Silicon Microelectrode Assembly via Electroless Plating. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E436. [PMID: 30424369 PMCID: PMC6187301 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We devised a scalable, modular strategy for microfabricated 3-D neural probe synthesis. We constructed a 3-D probe out of individual 2-D components (arrays of shanks bearing close-packed electrodes) using mechanical self-locking and self-aligning techniques, followed by electroless nickel plating to establish electrical contact between the individual parts. We detail the fabrication and assembly process and demonstrate different 3-D probe designs bearing thousands of electrode sites. We find typical self-alignment accuracy between shanks of <0.2° and demonstrate orthogonal electrical connections of 40 µm pitch, with thousands of connections formed electrochemically in parallel. The fabrication methods introduced allow the design of scalable, modular electrodes for high-density 3-D neural recording. The combination of scalable 3-D design and close-packed recording sites may support a variety of large-scale neural recording strategies for the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Scholvin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Anthony Zorzos
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Justin Kinney
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jacob Bernstein
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Caroline Moore-Kochlacs
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Nancy Kopell
- Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Clifton Fonstad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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13
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Allen BD, Moore-Kochlacs C, Bernstein JG, Kinney JP, Scholvin J, Seoane LF, Chronopoulos C, Lamantia C, Kodandaramaiah SB, Tegmark M, Boyden ES. Automated in vivo patch-clamp evaluation of extracellular multielectrode array spike recording capability. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:2182-2200. [PMID: 29995597 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00650.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Much innovation is currently aimed at improving the number, density, and geometry of electrodes on extracellular multielectrode arrays for in vivo recording of neural activity in the mammalian brain. To choose a multielectrode array configuration for a given neuroscience purpose, or to reveal design principles of future multielectrode arrays, it would be useful to have a systematic way of evaluating the spike recording capability of such arrays. We describe an automated system that performs robotic patch-clamp recording of a neuron being simultaneously recorded via an extracellular multielectrode array. By recording a patch-clamp data set from a neuron while acquiring extracellular recordings from the same neuron, we can evaluate how well the extracellular multielectrode array captures the spiking information from that neuron. To demonstrate the utility of our system, we show that it can provide data from the mammalian cortex to evaluate how the spike sorting performance of a close-packed extracellular multielectrode array is affected by bursting, which alters the shape and amplitude of spikes in a train. We also introduce an algorithmic framework to help evaluate how the number of electrodes in a multielectrode array affects spike sorting, examining how adding more electrodes yields data that can be spike sorted more easily. Our automated methodology may thus help with the evaluation of new electrode designs and configurations, providing empirical guidance on the kinds of electrodes that will be optimal for different brain regions, cell types, and species, for improving the accuracy of spike sorting. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present an automated strategy for evaluating the spike recording performance of an extracellular multielectrode array, by enabling simultaneous recording of a neuron with both such an array and with patch clamp. We use our robot and accompanying algorithms to evaluate the performance of multielectrode arrays on supporting spike sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Allen
- Media Lab and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline Moore-Kochlacs
- Media Lab and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Neuroscience, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob G Bernstein
- Media Lab and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Justin P Kinney
- Media Lab and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Leaflabs, LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jorg Scholvin
- Media Lab and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Luís F Seoane
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Media Lab and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Max Tegmark
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
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14
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Shoffstall AJ, Paiz J, Miller D, Rial G, Willis M, Menendez D, Hostler S, Capadona JR. Potential for thermal damage to the blood-brain barrier during craniotomy: implications for intracortical recording microelectrodes. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:034001. [PMID: 29205169 PMCID: PMC6482047 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa9f32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine how readily disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) occurred as a result of bone drilling during a craniotomy to implant microelectrodes in rat cortex. While the phenomenon of heat production during bone drilling is well known, practices to evade damage to the underlying brain tissue are inconsistently practiced and reported in the literature. APPROACH We conducted a review of the intracortical microelectrode literature to summarize typical approaches to mitigate drill heating during rodent craniotomies. Post mortem skull-surface and transient brain-surface temperatures were experimentally recorded using an infrared camera and thermocouple, respectively. A number of drilling conditions were tested, including varying drill speed and continuous versus intermittent contact. In vivo BBB permeability was assayed 1 h after the craniotomy procedure using Evans blue dye. MAIN RESULTS Of the reviewed papers that mentioned methods to mitigate thermal damage during craniotomy, saline irrigation was the most frequently cited (in six of seven papers). In post mortem tissues, we observed increases in skull-surface temperature ranging from +3 °C to +21 °C, dependent on drill speed. In vivo, pulsed-drilling (2 s-on/2 s-off) and slow-drilling speeds (1000 r.p.m.) were the most effective methods we studied to mitigate heating effects from drilling, while inconclusive results were obtained with saline irrigation. SIGNIFICANCE Neuroinflammation, initiated by damage to the BBB and perpetuated by the foreign body response, is thought to play a key role in premature failure of intracortical recording microelectrodes. This study demonstrates the extreme sensitivity of the BBB to overheating caused by bone drilling. To avoid damage to the BBB, the authors recommend that craniotomies be drilled with slow speeds and/or with intermittent drilling with complete removal of the drill from the skull during 'off' periods. While saline alone was ineffective at preventing overheating, its use is still recommended to remove bone dust from the surgical site and to augment other cooling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Shoffstall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, 151 W/APT, Cleveland, OH 44106-1702, USA
| | - Jen Paiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - David Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Griffin Rial
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Mitchell Willis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Dhariyat Menendez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
| | - Stephen Hostler
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jeffrey R. Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, 151 W/APT, Cleveland, OH 44106-1702, USA
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15
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Kodandaramaiah SB, Flores FJ, Holst GL, Singer AC, Han X, Brown EN, Boyden ES, Forest CR. Multi-neuron intracellular recording in vivo via interacting autopatching robots. eLife 2018; 7:24656. [PMID: 29297466 PMCID: PMC5812718 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of groups of neurons in a circuit or brain region are important for neuronal computations that contribute to behaviors and disease states. Traditional extracellular recordings have been powerful and scalable, but much less is known about the intracellular processes that lead to spiking activity. We present a robotic system, the multipatcher, capable of automatically obtaining blind whole-cell patch clamp recordings from multiple neurons simultaneously. The multipatcher significantly extends automated patch clamping, or 'autopatching’, to guide four interacting electrodes in a coordinated fashion, avoiding mechanical coupling in the brain. We demonstrate its performance in the cortex of anesthetized and awake mice. A multipatcher with four electrodes took an average of 10 min to obtain dual or triple recordings in 29% of trials in anesthetized mice, and in 18% of the trials in awake mice, thus illustrating practical yield and throughput to obtain multiple, simultaneous whole-cell recordings in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | - Francisco J Flores
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Picower Institute for Memory and Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Gregory L Holst
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | - Annabelle C Singer
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Emery N Brown
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Picower Institute for Memory and Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Craig R Forest
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
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16
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Annecchino LA, Schultz SR. Progress in automating patch clamp cellular physiology. Brain Neurosci Adv 2018; 2:2398212818776561. [PMID: 32166142 PMCID: PMC7058203 DOI: 10.1177/2398212818776561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patch clamp electrophysiology has transformed research in the life sciences over the last few decades. Since their inception, automatic patch clamp platforms have evolved considerably, demonstrating the capability to address both voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and showing the potential to play a pivotal role in drug discovery and biomedical research. Unfortunately, the cell suspension assays to which early systems were limited cannot recreate biologically relevant cellular environments, or capture higher order aspects of synaptic physiology and network dynamics. In vivo patch clamp electrophysiology has the potential to yield more biologically complex information and be especially useful in reverse engineering the molecular and cellular mechanisms of single-cell and network neuronal computation, while capturing important aspects of human disease mechanisms and possible therapeutic strategies. Unfortunately, it is a difficult procedure with a steep learning curve, which has restricted dissemination of the technique. Luckily, in vivo patch clamp electrophysiology seems particularly amenable to robotic automation. In this review, we document the development of automated patch clamp technology, from early systems based on multi-well plates through to automated planar-array platforms, and modern robotic platforms capable of performing two-photon targeted whole-cell electrophysiological recordings in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca A. Annecchino
- Centre for Neurotechnology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon R. Schultz
- Centre for Neurotechnology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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17
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Kodandaramaiah SB, Holst GL, Wickersham IR, Singer AC, Franzesi GT, McKinnon ML, Forest CR, Boyden ES. Assembly and operation of the autopatcher for automated intracellular neural recording in vivo. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:634-54. [PMID: 26938115 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Whole-cell patch clamping in vivo is an important neuroscience technique that uniquely provides access to both suprathreshold spiking and subthreshold synaptic events of single neurons in the brain. This article describes how to set up and use the autopatcher, which is a robot for automatically obtaining high-yield and high-quality whole-cell patch clamp recordings in vivo. By following this protocol, a functional experimental rig for automated whole-cell patch clamping can be set up in 1 week. High-quality surgical preparation of mice takes ∼1 h, and each autopatching experiment can be carried out over periods lasting several hours. Autopatching should enable in vivo intracellular investigations to be accessible by a substantial number of neuroscience laboratories, and it enables labs that are already doing in vivo patch clamping to scale up their efforts by reducing training time for new lab members and increasing experimental durations by handling mentally intensive tasks automatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory L Holst
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ian R Wickersham
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annabelle C Singer
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michael L McKinnon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig R Forest
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Kinney JP, Bernstein JG, Meyer AJ, Barber JB, Bolivar M, Newbold B, Scholvin J, Moore-Kochlacs C, Wentz CT, Kopell NJ, Boyden ES. A direct-to-drive neural data acquisition system. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:46. [PMID: 26388740 PMCID: PMC4555017 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by the increasing channel count of neural probes, there is much effort being directed to creating increasingly scalable electrophysiology data acquisition (DAQ) systems. However, all such systems still rely on personal computers for data storage, and thus are limited by the bandwidth and cost of the computers, especially as the scale of recording increases. Here we present a novel architecture in which a digital processor receives data from an analog-to-digital converter, and writes that data directly to hard drives, without the need for a personal computer to serve as an intermediary in the DAQ process. This minimalist architecture may support exceptionally high data throughput, without incurring costs to support unnecessary hardware and overhead associated with personal computers, thus facilitating scaling of electrophysiological recording in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Kinney
- Synthetic Neurobiology Laboratory, Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob G Bernstein
- Synthetic Neurobiology Laboratory, Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorg Scholvin
- Synthetic Neurobiology Laboratory, Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Christian T Wentz
- Synthetic Neurobiology Laboratory, Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nancy J Kopell
- Center for BioDynamics, Department of Mathematics, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Synthetic Neurobiology Laboratory, Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
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19
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Shobe JL, Claar LD, Parhami S, Bakhurin KI, Masmanidis SC. Brain activity mapping at multiple scales with silicon microprobes containing 1,024 electrodes. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:2043-52. [PMID: 26133801 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00464.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated activity of neural ensembles across multiple interconnected regions has been challenging to study in the mammalian brain with cellular resolution using conventional recording tools. For instance, neural systems regulating learned behaviors often encompass multiple distinct structures that span the brain. To address this challenge we developed a three-dimensional (3D) silicon microprobe capable of simultaneously measuring extracellular spike and local field potential activity from 1,024 electrodes. The microprobe geometry can be precisely configured during assembly to target virtually any combination of four spatially distinct neuroanatomical planes. Here we report on the operation of such a device built for high-throughput monitoring of neural signals in the orbitofrontal cortex and several nuclei in the basal ganglia. We perform analysis on systems-level dynamics and correlations during periods of conditioned behavioral responding and rest, demonstrating the technology's ability to reveal functional organization at multiple scales in parallel in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Shobe
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leslie D Claar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sepideh Parhami
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Konstantin I Bakhurin
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sotiris C Masmanidis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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