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Yu M, Feng Y, Yan J, Zhang X, Tian Z, Wang T, Wang J, Shen W. Transcriptomic regulatory analysis of skeletal muscle development in landrace pigs. Gene 2024; 915:148407. [PMID: 38531491 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of pig skeletal muscle is a complex dynamic regulation process, which mainly includes the formation of primary and secondary muscle fibers, the remodeling of muscle fibers, and the maturation of skeletal muscle; However, the regulatory mechanism of the entire developmental process remains unclear. This study analyzed the whole-transcriptome data of skeletal muscles at 27 developmental nodes (E33-D180) in Landrace pigs, and their key regulatory factors in the development process were identified using the bioinformatics method. Firstly, we constructed a transcriptome expression map of skeletal muscle development from embryo to adulthood in Landrace pig. Subsequently, due to drastic change in gene expression, the perinatal periods including E105, D0 and D9, were focused, and the genes related to the process of muscle fiber remodeling and volume expansion were revealed. Then, though conjoint analysis with miRNA and lncRNA transcripts, a ceRNA network were identified, which consist of 11 key regulatory genes (such as CHAC1, RTN4IP1 and SESN1), 7 miRNAs and 43 lncRNAs, and they potentially play an important role in the process of muscle fiber differentiation, muscle fiber remodeling and volume expansion, intramuscular fat deposition, and other skeletal muscle developmental events. In summary, we reveal candidate genes and underlying molecular regulatory networks associated with perinatal skeletal muscle fiber type remodeling and expansion. These data provide new insights into the molecular regulation of mammalian skeletal muscle development and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanqin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jiamao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhe Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Szmatoła T, Pustelnik A, Ropka-Molik K. First transcriptomic insight into the working muscles of racing pigeons during a competition flight. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:625. [PMID: 38717527 PMCID: PMC11078782 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The currently known homing pigeon is a result of a sharp one-sided selection for flight characteristics focused on speed, endurance, and spatial orientation. This has led to extremely well-adapted athletic phenotypes in racing birds. METHODS Here, we identify genes and pathways contributing to exercise adaptation in sport pigeons by applying next-generation transcriptome sequencing of m.pectoralis muscle samples, collected before and after a 300 km competition flight. RESULTS The analysis of differentially expressed genes pictured the central role of pathways involved in fuel selection and muscle maintenance during flight, with a set of genes, in which variations may therefore be exploited for genetic improvement of the racing pigeon population towards specific categories of competition flights. CONCLUSIONS The presented results are a background to understanding the genetic processes in the muscles of birds during flight and also are the starting point of further selection of genetic markers associated with racing performance in carrier pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice, 32-083, Poland.
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Kraków, 30-059, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice, 32-083, Poland
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, The University of Agriculture in Krakow, Rędzina 1C, Kraków, 30-248, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pustelnik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice, 32-083, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice, 32-083, Poland
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Myćka G, Ropka-Molik K, Cywińska A, Szmatoła T, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M. Molecular insights into the lipid-carbohydrates metabolism switch under the endurance effort in Arabian horses. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:586-597. [PMID: 37565649 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that in Arabian horse muscle, long-term exercise-induced expression of genes related to fatty acid degradation and the downregulation of genes belonging to the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and insulin signalling pathways. Long-lasting physical exertion may trigger the metabolism to switch the main energy source from carbohydrates to lipids due to higher caloric content. OBJECTIVES To describe the metabolism adaptation at the whole transcriptome of blood to endurance effort in Arabian horses. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experiment. METHODS Venous blood samples from 10 Arabian horses were taken before and after a 120 km long endurance ride to isolate the RNA and perform the high-throughput NGS transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The results, including KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) analyses, allowed us to describe the most significantly upregulated-ARV1, DGAT2, LIPE, APOA2, MOGAT1, MOGAT2, GYS1, GYS2 and downregulated-ACACA, ACACB, FADS1, FADS2 genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Also, the increased expression of RAF1, KRAS and NRAS genes involved in the Insulin pathway and PI3K-Akt was shown. MAIN LIMITATIONS Limited sample size, Arabians used for endurance racing were not compared to Arabians from other equestrian disciplines. CONCLUSIONS This general insight into the processes described supports the thesis of the lipid-carbohydrates metabolism switch in endurance Arabian horses and provides the basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Myćka
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
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Tkaczenko H, Lukash O, Kurhaluk N. Analysis of the season-dependent component in the evaluation of morphological and biochemical blood parameters in Shetland ponies of both sexes during exercise. J Vet Res 2024; 68:155-166. [PMID: 38525221 PMCID: PMC10960263 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Determination of morphological and biochemical blood indices facilitates assessment of the health and welfare of horses, their nutrient demand, the effects of training already undertaken, and the horses' suitability for exercise. Identification of the season-dependent components and the effects of sex and exercise on changes in frequently referenced haematological and biochemical parameters was the main goal of the current study. Material and Methods The blood morphology of 21 healthy adult Shetland ponies (11 mares and 10 stallions) aged 6.5 ± 1.4 years from the central Pomeranian region in Poland was analysed. Blood samples were taken once per season for one year. Results No statistically significant season-dependent differences were found in the blood morphology parameters in either mares or stallions before or after exercise. Beta-coefficient results revealed the strength and type of the relationship of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and granulocyte count (GRA) with the season, of red blood cell count (RBC), haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean platelet volume with the sex, and of RDW, white blood cell count, GRA and RBC with the exercise factor. Biomarkers demonstrating the relationship between aerobic and anaerobic levels of energy metabolism in the blood did not show any sex dependency in regression analysis. Conclusion The sex-independence of energy metabolism biomarkers may indicate the universality of these parameters. Both seasonality itself and its combination with the exercise factor took part in the formation of effective adaptive reactions for maintenance of morphological blood indices in the ponies during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Tkaczenko
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200Słupsk, Poland
| | - Oleksandr Lukash
- Department of Ecology, Geography and Nature Management, T. H. Shevchenko National University “Chernihiv Colehium”, 14013Chernihiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200Słupsk, Poland
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Bou T, Ding W, Ren X, Liu H, Gong W, Jia Z, Zhang X, Dugarjaviin M, Bai D. Muscle fibre transition and transcriptional changes of horse skeletal muscles during traditional Mongolian endurance training. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:178-192. [PMID: 37345447 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Mongolian endurance training is an effective way to improve the athletic ability of the horse for endurance events and is widely used. This incorporates aerobic exercise and intermittent fasting and these altered physiologic conditions are associated with switches between muscle fibre types. OBJECTIVES To better understand the adaption of horse skeletal muscle to traditional Mongolian endurance training from muscle fibre characteristics and transcriptional levels and to explore possible molecular mechanisms associated with the endurance performance of horses. STUDY DESIGN Before-after study. METHODS Muscle fibre type switches and muscle transcriptome changes in six Mongolian horses were assessed during 4 weeks of training. Transcriptomic and histochemical analyses were performed. The activities of oxidative and glycolytic metabolic enzymes were analysed and we generated deep RNA-sequencing data relating to skeletal muscles. RESULTS A fast-to-slow muscle fibre transition occurred in horse skeletal muscles, with a concomitant increase of oxidative enzyme activity and decreased glycolytic enzyme activity. Numerous differentially expressed genes were involved in the control of muscle protein balance and degradation. Differential alternative splicing events were also found during training which included exon-skipping events in Ttn that were associated with muscle atrophy. Differentially expressed noncoding RNAs showed connections with muscle protein balance-related pathways and fibre type specification via the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNA. MAIN LIMITATIONS The study focuses on horse athletic ability only from the aspect of muscular adaptation. CONCLUSION Traditional Mongolian endurance training-induced muscle fibre transition and metabolic and transcriptional changes. Muscle-specific non-coding RNAs could contribute to these transcriptomic changes during training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugeqin Bou
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; Equus Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenqi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; Equus Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiujuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; Equus Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; Equus Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wendian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; Equus Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zijie Jia
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; Equus Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinzhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; Equus Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Manglai Dugarjaviin
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; Equus Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dongyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; Equus Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Reißmann M, Rajavel A, Kokov ZA, Schmitt AO. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes after Endurance Runs in Karbadian Horses to Determine Candidates for Stress Indicators and Performance Capability. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1982. [PMID: 38002925 PMCID: PMC10671444 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing makes it possible to uncover genetic mechanisms that underlie certain performance traits. In order to gain a deeper insight into the genetic background and biological processes involved in endurance performance in horses, the changes in the gene expression profiles induced by endurance runs over long (70 km) and short (15 km) distances in the blood of Kabardian horses (Equus caballus) were analyzed. For the long-distance runs, we identified 1484 up- and 691 downregulated genes, while after short-distance runs, only 13 up- and 8 downregulated genes (FC > |1.5|; p < 0.05) were found. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in processes and pathways that are primarily related to stress response (interleukin production, activation of inflammatory system) but also to metabolism (carbohydrate catabolic process, lipid biosynthesis, NADP metabolic process). The most important genes involved in these processes therefore represent good candidates for the monitoring and evaluation of the performance of horses in order to avoid excessive demands when endurance performance is required, like ACOD1, CCL5, CD40LG, FOS, IL1R2, IL20RA, and IL22RA2, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, for assessing the suitability of a horse for endurance races, like GATA2, GYG1, HIF1A, MOGAT1, PFKFB3, PLIN5, SIK1, and STBD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Reißmann
- Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Abirami Rajavel
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zaur A. Kokov
- Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Chernyshevsky 173, Nalchik 360004, Russia;
| | - Armin O. Schmitt
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August University, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Myćka G, Musiał AD, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Długosz B, Piórkowska K, Bieniek A, Szmatoła T, Ropka-Molik K. PLNGene Analysis in Horses: Multiway Approach for the Investigation and Validation of Molecular Variation. Folia Biol (Praha) 2022. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_70-4.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a molecular characterisation of the PLN gene with whole genome sequencing (WGS) and complete transcriptome sequencing data was performed on 868 horses, supported by Sanger sequencing and the PCR-RFLP method. The PLN gene encodes phospholamban – an
integral membrane protein – and while phosphorylated inhibits the SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) transport of Ca2+ into reticulum in the cardiac and skeletal muscles. According to the current knowledge, we hypothesised that the presence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
(SNPs) in the PLN gene sequence may be related to an individual's lifestyle and would remain under selection pressure. The obtained results indicated the occurrence of 14 polymorphisms of which 7 were upstream, and 7 downstream PLN gene variants according to the EquCan3.0 reference.
The mRNA sequencing confirmed the presence of 3' and 5' UTR regions belonging to the PLN transcript that was in accordance with EquCab2.0, and was missed in the current version. The comparison of two reference genomes and the validation of the NGS data allowed for the 3'UTR variant
(rs1146603334) to be detected, showing differences in the genotype and allele distributions across five horse breeds. A similar genotype frequency in warmblood breeds of horses (Arabians and Thoroughbreds), compared to native and heavy horses (Polish Konik, Draft and Hucul horses), indicated
that this locus was under selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Myćka
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Adrianna D. Musiał
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Bogusława Długosz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bieniek
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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Li S, Ma J, Pang X, Liang Y, Li X, Wang M, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I. Time-dependent Effects of Moderate- and High-intensity Exercises on Myocardial Transcriptomics. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1214-1225. [PMID: 36063823 DOI: 10.1055/a-1885-4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a highly adaptable organ that responds to changes in functional requirements due to exposure to internal and external stimuli. Physical exercise has unique stimulatory effects on the myocardium in both healthy individuals and those with health disorders, where the effects are primarily determined by the intensity and recovery time of exercise. We investigated the time-dependent effects of different exercise intensities on myocardial transcriptional expression in rats. Moderate intensity exercise induced more differentially expressed genes in the myocardium than high intensity exercise, while 16 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated by moderate intensity exercise but up-regulated by high intensity exercise at 12 h post- exercise. Both Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that moderate intensity exercise specifically regulated gene expression related to heart adaptation, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress, while high intensity exercise specifically regulated gene expression related to immunity, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, there was increased expression of Tbx5, Casq1, Igsf1, and Ddah1 at all time points after moderate intensity exercise, while there was increased expression of Card9 at all time points after high intensity exercise. Our study provides a better understanding of the intensity dependent effects of physical exercise of the molecular mechanisms of cardiac adaptation to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaole Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Pan J, Purev C, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Wang F, Wendoule N, Qi G, Liu Y, Zhou H. Discovery of exercise-related genes and pathway analysis based on comparative genomes of Mongolian originated Abaga and Wushen horse. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1269-1281. [PMID: 36249530 PMCID: PMC9518662 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mongolian horses have excellent endurance and stress resistance to adapt to the cold and harsh plateau conditions. Intraspecific genetic diversity is mainly embodied in various genetic advantages of different branches of the Mongolian horse. Since people pay progressive attention to the athletic performance of horse, we expect to guide the exercise-oriented breeding of horses through genomics research. We obtained the clean data of 630,535,376,400 bp through the entire genome second-generation sequencing for the whole blood of four Abaga horses and ten Wushen horses. Based on the data analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism, we severally detected that 479 and 943 positively selected genes, particularly exercise related, were mainly enriched on equine chromosome 4 in Abaga horses and Wushen horses, which implied that chromosome 4 may be associated with the evolution of the Mongolian horse and athletic performance. Four hundred and forty genes of positive selection were enriched in 12 exercise-related pathways and narrowed in 21 exercise-related genes in Abaga horse, which were distinguished from Wushen horse. So, we speculated that the Abaga horse may have oriented genes for the motorial mechanism and 21 exercise-related genes also provided a molecular genetic basis for exercise-directed breeding of the Mongolian horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospitaly, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chimge Purev
- Mongolia-China Joint Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology, “Administration of the Science Park” CSTI, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Beijing 8omics Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nashun Wendoule
- Animal Husbandry Workstation of Ewenki Autonomous County, Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guichun Qi
- Bayanta Village of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Ewenki Autonomous County, Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Liu
- Sheep Collaboration and Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Universityy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanmin Zhou
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Sheep Collaboration and Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Universityy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
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Salek Ardestani S, Zandi MB, Vahedi SM, Janssens S. Population structure and genomic footprints of selection in five major Iranian horse breeds. Anim Genet 2022; 53:627-639. [PMID: 35919961 DOI: 10.1111/age.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic structure and characteristics of Iranian native breeds are yet to be comprehensibly investigated and studied. Therefore, we employed genomic information of 364 Iranian native horses representing the Asil (n = 109), Caspian (n = 40), Dareshuri (n = 44), Kurdish (n = 95), and Turkoman (n = 76) breeds to reveal the genetic structure and characteristics. For these and 19 other horse breeds, principal component analysis, Bayesian model-based, Neighbor-Net, and bootstrap-based TreeMix approaches were applied to investigate and compare their genetic structure. Additionally, three haplotype-based methods including haplotype homozygosity pooled, integrated haplotype score, and number of segregating sites by length were applied to trace genomic footprints of selection of Asil, Caspian, Dareshuri, Kurdish, and Turkoman groups. Then, the Mahalanobis distance based on the negative-log10 rank-based P-values was estimated based on the haplotype homozygosity pooled, integrated haplotype score, and number of segregating sites by length values. Asil, Caspian, Dareshuri, Kurdish, and Turkoman can be categorized into five different genetic clusters. Based on the top 1% of Mahalanobis distance based on the negative-log10 rank-based P-values of SNPs, we identified 24 SNPs formerly reported to be associated with different traits and >100 genes undergoing selection pressures in Asil, Caspian, Dareshuri, Kurdish, and Turkoman. The detected QTL undergoing selection pressures were associated with withers height, equine metabolic syndrome, overall body size, insect bite hypersensitivity, guttural pouch tympany, white markings, Rhodococcus equi infection, jumping test score, alternate gaits, and body weight traits. Our findings will aid to have a better perspective of the genetic characteristics and population structure of Asil, Caspian, Dareshuri, Kurdish, and Turkoman horses as Iranian native horse breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seyed Milad Vahedi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Steven Janssens
- Department Biosystems, Center Animal Breeding and Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Premont A, Saadeh K, Edling C, Lewis R, Marr CM, Jeevaratnam K. Cardiac ion channel expression in the equine model - In-silico prediction utilising RNA sequencing data from mixed tissue samples. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15273. [PMID: 35880716 PMCID: PMC9316921 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding cardiomyocyte ion channel expression is crucial to understanding normal cardiac electrophysiology and underlying mechanisms of cardiac pathologies particularly arrhythmias. Hitherto, equine cardiac ion channel expression has rarely been investigated. Therefore, we aim to predict equine cardiac ion channel gene expression. Raw RNAseq data from normal horses from 9 datasets was retrieved from ArrayExpress and European Nucleotide Archive and reanalysed. The normalised (FPKM) read counts for a gene in a mix of tissue were hypothesised to be the average of the expected expression in each tissue weighted by the proportion of the tissue in the mix. The cardiac-specific expression was predicted by estimating the mean expression in each other tissues. To evaluate the performance of the model, predicted gene expression values were compared to the human cardiac gene expression. Cardiac-specific expression could be predicted for 91 ion channels including most expressed Na+ channels, K+ channels and Ca2+ -handling proteins. These revealed interesting differences from what would be expected based on human studies. These differences included predominance of NaV 1.4 rather than NaV 1.5 channel, and RYR1, SERCA1 and CASQ1 rather than RYR2, SERCA2, CASQ2 Ca2+ -handling proteins. Differences in channel expression not only implicate potentially different regulatory mechanisms but also pathological mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Premont
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Khalil Saadeh
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Charlotte Edling
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Celia M. Marr
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic CentreExningSuffolkUK
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12
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Variability of ACOX1 Gene Polymorphisms across Different Horse Breeds with Regard to Selection Pressure. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122225. [PMID: 33260884 PMCID: PMC7761022 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The genetic mechanisms occurring in organisms are shaped by selection pressure. Features that ought to be useful under given conditions leave their marks on the genome in the form of mutations, thereby creating different alleles. In this study, five different horse breeds were examined to find the connection between an individual’s lifestyle and the presence of the peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) gene, which is necessary for some metabolic pathways. Results indicated that different ACOX1 gene alleles play various roles in primitive breeds and domesticated horses. This led to the conclusion that the DNA profile can be rated on the basis of adaptation to living conditions, opening the gate for further investigation. Abstract The ACOX1 gene encodes peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1, the first enzyme in the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, which could be significant for organisms exposed to long periods of starvation and harsh living conditions. We hypothesized that variations within ACOX1, revealed by RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq), might be based on adaptation to living conditions and had resulted from selection pressure. There were five different horse breeds used in this study, representing various utility types: Arabian, Thoroughbred, Polish Konik, draft horses, and Hucul. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the ACOX1 (rs782885985) was used as a marker and was identified using the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). Results indicated extremely different genotype and allele distributions of the ACOX1 gene across breeds. A predominance of the G allele was exhibited in horses that had adapted to difficult environmental conditions, namely, Polish Konik and Huculs, which are considered to be primitive breeds. The prevalence of the T allele in Thoroughbreds indicated that ACOX1 is significant in energy metabolism during flat racing.
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13
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Gene Expression Profile in Similar Tissues Using Transcriptome Sequencing Data of Whole-Body Horse Skeletal Muscle. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111359. [PMID: 33213000 PMCID: PMC7698552 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses have been studied for exercise function rather than food production, unlike most livestock. Therefore, the role and characteristics of tissue landscapes are critically understudied, except for certain muscles used in exercise-related studies. In the present study, we compared RNA-Seq data from 18 Jeju horse skeletal muscles to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tissues that have similar functions and to characterize these differences. We identified DEGs between different muscles using pairwise differential expression (DE) analyses of tissue transcriptome expression data and classified the samples using the expression values of those genes. Each tissue was largely classified into two groups and their subgroups by k-means clustering, and the DEGs identified in comparison between each group were analyzed by functional/pathway level using gene set enrichment analysis and gene level, confirming the expression of significant genes. As a result of the analysis, the differences in metabolic properties like glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and exercise adaptation of the groups were detected. The results demonstrated that the biochemical and anatomical features of a wide range of muscle tissues in horses could be determined through transcriptome expression analysis, and provided proof-of-concept data demonstrating that RNA-Seq analysis can be used to classify and study in-depth differences between tissues with similar properties.
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14
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Denham J, McCluskey M, Denham MM, Sellami M, Davie AJ. Epigenetic control of exercise adaptations in the equine athlete: Current evidence and future directions. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:431-450. [PMID: 32671871 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Horses (Equus ferus caballus) have evolved over the past 300 years in response to man-made selection for particular athletic traits. Some of the selected traits were selected based on the size and horses' muscular power (eg Clydesdales), whereas other breeds were bred for peak running performance (eg Thoroughbred and Arabian). Although the physiological changes and some of the cellular adaptations responsible for athletic potential of horses have been identified, the molecular mechanisms are only just beginning to be comprehensively investigated. The purpose of this review was to outline and discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the athletic performance and cardiorespiratory fitness in athletic breeds of horses. A brief review of the biology of epigenetics is provided, including discussion on DNA methylation, histone modifications and small RNAs, followed by a summary and critical review of the current work on the exercise-induced epigenetic and transcriptional changes in horses. Important unanswered questions and currently unexplored areas that deserve attention are highlighted. Finally, a rationale for the analysis of epigenetic modifications in the context with exercise-related traits and ailments associated with athletic breeds of horses is outlined in order to help guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Denham
- RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Maha Sellami
- Qatar University, College of Arts and Sciences (CAS), Sport Science Program (SSP), Doha, Qatar
| | - Allan J Davie
- Australian Equine Racing and Research Centre (AERR), Ballina, NSW, Australia
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15
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Ekici S, Ozmen O. Affecting Lipid Metabolism Salivary MicroRNAs Expressions in Arabian Racehorses Before and After the Race. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 93:103218. [PMID: 32972679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The active roles of microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in gene regulation have made miRNAs a key point for the scientific world in the study of physiological processes. Although saliva includes the largest number of miRNAs, there is no miRNA study in saliva on horses has been found. Our study is the first study on miRNAs isolation from saliva in horses. In the present study, saliva was studied in Arabian racehorses to better understand the molecular mechanisms of expression levels that are effective in lipid metabolism of miRNAs and their target genes during the race. Identification of lipid metabolism of miRNAs and their target genes is an opportunity to provide information about biomarkers in Arabian racehorses on energy supply for race performance. Arabian racehorses have low glycogen content and high triglyceride storage capability, thanks to the high amount of oxidative type I fiber in their muscle tissue. Therefore, Arabian racehorses can provide higher levels of energy using more fat. The aim of this study is to determine the prerace and postrace expression levels of eight miRNAs in saliva that are known to affect lipid metabolism in Arabian racehorses. The expression level of eca-miR-33a was found to be statistically significant (P < .05). Target genes of eca-miR-33a have been copredicted as ABCA1, CROT, ABHD2, and SATB2, with three validated databases and other analysis tools. In conclusion, these findings revealed that both eca-miR-33a and its target genes could be potential core genes that play important roles in lipid metabolism in Arabian racehorses to provide energy during the race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ekici
- Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ozge Ozmen
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Fontanel M, Todd E, Drabbe A, Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Myćka G, Velie BD. Variation in the SLC16A1 and the ACOX1 Genes Is Associated with Gallop Racing Performance in Arabian Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 93:103202. [PMID: 32972674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arabian horses are not only one of the most ancient breeds in the world, but they are also one of the most appreciated racehorse breeds today. The breed generates attention for their phenomenal endurance ability and their capability for gallop racing. Consequently, genetic testing to select the best individuals is attracting ever increasing interests from the Arabian industry. As such, the aim of this study was to further investigate associations between performance and variation at candidate genes suspected of having a key role in Arabian gallop racing performance. Generalized linear models were fit to test associations between eight candidate gene variants and a variety of gallop racing performance traits in a sample of Arabian racehorses (n = 287). Two genes, solute carrier family 16 member 1 (SLC16A1) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), were significantly associated with multiple gallop racing performance traits, whereas another gene, actinin alpha 3 (ACTN3) was associated with best race distance. Previously established associations between these three genes and equine metabolism strongly suggest further investigation of these genes, and their relationship with Arabian horse performance is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fontanel
- Equine Genetics & Genomics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Agrosup Dijon, Institut national supérieur des sciences agronomiques et de l'alimentation et de l'environnement, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Evelyn Todd
- Equine Genetics & Genomics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alize Drabbe
- Equine Genetics & Genomics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Myćka
- University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Brandon D Velie
- Equine Genetics & Genomics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Klein DJ, Anthony TG, McKeever KH. Metabolomics in equine sport and exercise. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:140-148. [PMID: 32511844 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
metabolomics is the high-throughput, multiparametric identification and classification of hundreds of low molecular weight metabolites in a biological sample. Ultimately, metabolites are the downstream readouts of cellular signalling, transcriptomic and proteomic changes that can provide a comprehensive view of tissue and organismal phenotype. The popularity of metabolomics in human sport and exercise has been gaining over the past decade and has provided important insights into the energetic demands and mechanistic underpinnings of exercise and training. To the contrary, metabolomics in the field of equine exercise physiology is lagging despite the horse's superior aerobic and muscular capabilities, as well as its prominence in competitive sport. As such, this narrative review aims to describe metabolomics, its routine implementation, the various analytical methods applied and the state of its use in the equine athlete. Sufficient attention will be paid to methodological considerations, as well as gaps in the equine literature, particularly with regard to the skeletal muscle metabolome. Finally, there will be a brief discussion of the future directions and barriers to metabolomics use in the athletic horse. A thorough understanding of the metabolomics changes that occur in the equine athlete with exercise will undoubtedly help to improve horse management and health across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Klein
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kenneth H McKeever
- Rutgers Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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18
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Bao T, Han H, Li B, Zhao Y, Bou G, Zhang X, Du M, Zhao R, Mongke T, Laxima, Ding W, Jia Z, Dugarjaviin M, Bai D. The distinct transcriptomes of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles in Mongolian horses. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 33:100649. [PMID: 31869634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ system in the mammalian body and plays a key role in locomotion of horses. Fast and slow muscle fibers have different abilities and functions to adapt to exercises. To investigate the RNA and miRNA expression profiles in the muscles with different muscle fiber compositions on Mongolian horses. We examined the muscle fiber type population and produced deep RNA sequencing for different parts of skeletal muscles. And chose two of them with the highest difference in fast and slow muscle fiber population (splenius and gluteus medius) for comparing the gene expression profile of slow and fast muscle fiber types. We identified a total of 275 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 11 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs). In addition, target gene prediction and alternative splicing analysis were also performed. Significant correlations were found between the differentially expressed gene, miRNAs, and alternative splicing events. The result indicated that differentially expressed muscle-specific genes and target genes of miRNAs might co-regulating the performance of slow and fast muscle fiber types in Mongolian horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugeqin Bao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Haige Han
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Bei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Gerelchimeg Bou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xinzhuang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ming Du
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ruoyang Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Togtokh Mongke
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Laxima
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Wenqi Ding
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zijie Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Manglai Dugarjaviin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Dongyi Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China; Equine Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
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19
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Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Szmatoła T, Piórkowska K, Bugno-Poniewierska M. The use of the SLC16A1 gene as a potential marker to predict race performance in Arabian horses. BMC Genet 2019; 20:73. [PMID: 31510920 PMCID: PMC6740031 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabian horses are commonly believed to be one of the oldest and the most popular horse breeds in the world, characterized by favourable stamina traits and exercise phenotypes. During intensive training, the rates of lactate production and utilization are critical to avoid muscle fatigue and a decrease in exercise performance. The key factor determining transmembrane lactate transport is the monocarboxylate transporter 1 protein coded for by the SLC16A1 gene. The aim of the present research was to identify polymorphisms in the coding sequence and UTRs in the equine SLC16A1 gene and to evaluate their potential association with race performance traits in Arabian horses. Based on RNA-seq data, SNPs were identified and genotyped using PCR-RFLP or PCR-HRM methods in 254 Arabian horses that competed in flat races. An association analysis between polymorphisms and racing results was performed. RESULTS Novel polymorphisms in the equine SLC16A1 locus have been identified (missense and 5'UTR variants: g.55601543C > T and g.55589063 T > G). Analysis showed a significant association between the 5'UTR polymorphism and several racing results as follows: the possibility of winning first or second place, the number of races in which horses started and total financial benefits. The analysis also showed differences in genotype distribution depending on race distance. In the studied population, the shorter distance races were only won by TT horses. The GG and TG horses took first and second places in middle- and long-distance races, and the percentage of winning heterozygotes increased from 19.5 to 27% at the middle and long distances, respectively. The p.Val432Ile (g.55601543C > T) polymorphism was not significantly related to the analysed racing results. CONCLUSION Our results showed that g.55589063 T > G polymorphism affected the possibility of winning first or second place and of competing in more races. The different distribution of genotypes depending on race distance indicated the possibility of using a SNP in the SLC16A1 gene as a marker to predict the best race distance for a horse. The presented results provide a basis for further research to validate the use of the SLC16A1 gene as a potential marker associated with racing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1,, 32-083, Balice, Poland.
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1,, 32-083, Balice, Poland.,University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1,, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1,, 32-083, Balice, Poland.,Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
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20
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The Genetics of Racing Performance in Arabian Horses. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:9013239. [PMID: 31565654 PMCID: PMC6745119 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9013239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabian horses are commonly believed to be one of the oldest and most influential horse breeds in the world. The high financial benefits obtained from races tend to search for genetic markers strongly correlated with the results achieved. To date, the modern approaches such as transcriptome, miRNAome, and metabolome analyses have been used to investigate the genetic background of racing performance as well as endurance capacity in Arabians. The analysis of polymorphisms at the genome level has also been applied to the detection of genetic variants associated with exercise phenotype in the Arabian breed. The presented review summarizes these findings, with a focus on the genetics underlying flat racing and endurance performance traits in different Arabian horse populations.
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21
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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Szmatoła T, Łątka J, Długosz B, Ropka-Molik K. The Blood and Muscle Expression Pattern of the Equine TCAP Gene during the Race Track Training of Arabian Horses. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E574. [PMID: 31426609 PMCID: PMC6720385 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse musculature has been shaped through evolution by environmental and human factors, which has resulted in several extraordinary adaptations to physical effort. Skeletal muscle plasticity results from the response to mechanical stimulation causing hypertrophy, where sarcomeres increase the muscle's cross-sectional area under the influence of contractile forces. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of transcript abundance of the telethonin (TCAP) gene, which is a part of the sarcomere macromolecular mechanosensory complex in the gluteus medius muscle, and the whole blood of Arabian horses during flat race training. The analysis, performed by quantitative PCR, showed an increase of TCAP transcripts in skeletal muscle. However, in whole blood, the transcript abundance decreased after the first stage of training and further increased after the second phase. The obtained results indicate a lack of similarity of TCAP gene expression in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-159 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
- Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Łątka
- Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-159 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Długosz
- Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-159 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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22
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Musiał AD, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Jaworska J, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M. ACTN3 genotype distribution across horses representing different utility types and breeds. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5795-5803. [PMID: 31392535 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In horses, the identification of the genetic background of phenotypic variation, especially with regard to performance characteristics and predisposition to effort, has been extensively studied. As α-actinin-3 function is related to the regulation of muscle contraction and cell metabolism, the ACTN3 gene is considered one of the main genetic factors determining muscle strength. The aim of the present study was to assess the genotype distribution of two SNP variants within the equine ACTN3 gene (g.1104G > A and c.2334C > T) across different utility types and horse breeds. The analyses were performed on five breeds representing horses of different types, origins and utilities according to performance (in total 877 horses): primitive (Polish koniks; Hucul horses), draught (Polish heavy draught) and light (Thoroughbred and Arabian horses). Two polymorphisms within the ACTN3 gene locus were genotyped and genotype and allele frequency were compared across populations in order to verify if the identified differences contribute to the phenotypic variation observed in horse breeds. The present study allowed confirmation of the significant differences in genotype distribution of g.1104G > A localized in the promoter region between native breeds and racehorse breeds such as Thoroughbreds and Arabians. The allele/genotype variations between primitive and light breeds confirmed that the analysed variant was under selection pressure and can be correlated with racing ability. Moreover, the significant differences for the c.2334C > T genotype frequency between Arabian horses and other breeds indicate its relationship with endurance and athletic performance. The predominance of the T allele (85%) in Arabians suggests that the T variant was favoured during selection focused on improving stamina and could be one of the genetic factors determining endurance ability. Further research is needed to confirm the association of both polymorphisms with exact racing and/or riding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna D Musiał
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland. .,Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083, Balice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn - UWM, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
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A genome-wide scan for diversifying selection signatures in selected horse breeds. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210751. [PMID: 30699152 PMCID: PMC6353161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic differentiation of the current horse population was evolutionarily created by natural or artificial selection which shaped the genomes of individual breeds in several unique ways. The availability of high throughput genotyping methods created the opportunity to study this genetic variation on a genome-wide level allowing detection of genome regions divergently selected between separate breeds as well as among different horse types sharing similar phenotypic features. In this study, we used the population differentiation index (FST) that is generally used for measuring locus-specific allele frequencies variation between populations, to detect selection signatures among six horse breeds maintained in Poland. These breeds can be classified into three major categories, including light, draft and primitive horses, selected mainly in terms of type (utility), exterior, performance, size, coat color and appearance. The analysis of the most pronounced selection signals found in this study allowed us to detect several genomic regions and genes connected with processes potentially important for breed phenotypic differentiation and associated with energy homeostasis during physical effort, heart functioning, fertility, disease resistance and motor coordination. Our results also confirmed previously described association of loci on ECA3 (spanning LCORL and NCAPG genes) and ECA11 (spanning LASP1 gene) with the regulation of body size in our draft and primitive (small size) horses. The efficiency of the applied FST-based approach was also confirmed by the identification of a robust selection signal in the blue dun colored Polish Konik horses at the locus of TBX3 gene, which was previously shown to be responsible for dun coat color dilution in other horse breeds. FST-based method showed to be efficient in detection of diversifying selection signatures in the analyzed horse breeds. Especially pronounced signals were observed at the loci responsible for fixed breed-specific features. Several candidate genes under selection were proposed in this study for traits selected in separate breeds and horse types, however, further functional and comparative studies are needed to confirm and explain their effect on the observed genetic diversity of the horse breeds.
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Sequence analysis and expression profiling of the equine ACTN3 gene during exercise in Arabian horses. Gene 2018; 685:149-155. [PMID: 30389559 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ACTN3 gene codes for α-actinin-3, a protein localized in the Z-line in the skeletal muscle. Actinin-3 is critical in anchoring the myofibrillar actin filaments and plays a key role in muscle contraction. ACTN3 (α-actinin-3) cross-links glycogen phosphorylase (GP), which is the key enzyme catalysing glycogen metabolism. The aim of present study was to establish the expression level of the ACTN3 gene (for both isoforms separately and together in the gene expression analysis) in the gluteus medius muscle in order to verify if the α-actinin-3 gene can be related to training intensity in Arabian horses. A structural analysis of the ACTN3 gene was performed simultaneously to identify polymorphisms that can be related to racing performance traits. Our results showed the significant decrease (p < 0.05) of ACTN3 expression in the skeletal muscle of Arabian horses during the training periods preparing for flat-racing, and this decrease differed by the intensity of the exercises. The highest mRNA abundance measured for all ACTN3 genes was detected in the muscle of untrained horses, while the lowest expression was identified at the end of the racing season when horses had fully adapted to the physical effort. This gene expression profile was confirmed for both ACTN3 isoforms. The analysis of the ACTN3 sequence allowed us to identify 14 polymorphisms, which were localized in the promoter region, the 5'UTR (7 SNPs), exons (2 SNPs) and introns (5 SNPs). Two of them, a novel c.2334C>T - splice variant and the g.1104G>A polymorphism in the promoter region, were proposed as the causative mutations that might affect gene expression. The presented gene expression analyses indicated the significant role of the ACTN3 gene in adaptation to physiological effort in horses. Due to previous reports and our findings, further studies should be conducted to verify the usage of the ACTN3 gene as a potential genetic marker for determining exercise performance in Arabian horses and other horse breeds.
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Valberg SJ, Perumbakkam S, McKenzie EC, Finno CJ. Proteome and transcriptome profiling of equine myofibrillar myopathy identifies diminished peroxiredoxin 6 and altered cysteine metabolic pathways. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:1036-1050. [PMID: 30289745 PMCID: PMC6337024 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00044.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) causes exertional muscle pain and is characterized by myofibrillar disarray and ectopic desmin aggregates of unknown origin. To investigate the pathophysiology of MFM, we compared resting and 3 h postexercise transcriptomes of gluteal muscle and the resting skeletal muscle proteome of MFM and control Arabian horses with RNA sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analyses. Three hours after exercise, 191 genes were identified as differentially expressed (DE) in MFM vs. control muscle with >1 log2 fold change (FC) in genes involved in sulfur compound/cysteine metabolism such as cystathionine-beta-synthase ( CBS, ↓4.51), a cysteine and neutral amino acid membrane transporter ( SLC7A10, ↓1.80 MFM), and a cationic transporter (SLC24A1, ↓1.11 MFM). In MFM vs. control at rest, 284 genes were DE with >1 log2 FC in pathways for structure morphogenesis, fiber organization, tissue development, and cell differentiation including > 1 log2 FC in cardiac alpha actin ( ACTC1 ↑2.5 MFM), cytoskeletal desmoplakin ( DSP ↑2.4 MFM), and basement membrane usherin ( USH2A ↓2.9 MFM). Proteome analysis revealed significantly lower antioxidant peroxiredoxin 6 content (PRDX6, ↓4.14 log2 FC MFM), higher fatty acid transport enzyme carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT1B, ↑3.49 MFM), and lower sarcomere protein tropomyosin (TPM2, ↓3.24 MFM) in MFM vs. control muscle at rest. We propose that in MFM horses, altered cysteine metabolism and a deficiency of cysteine-containing antioxidants combined with a high capacity to oxidize fatty acids and generate ROS during aerobic exercise causes chronic oxidation and aggregation of key proteins such as desmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Valberg
- McPhail Equine Performance Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Population Sciences, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Sudeep Perumbakkam
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Erica C McKenzie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Carrie J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis , Davis, California
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Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Piórkowska K, Szmatoła T, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Molecular characterization of the apoptosis-related SH3RF1 and SH3RF2 genes and their association with exercise performance in Arabian horses. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:237. [PMID: 30107803 PMCID: PMC6092840 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis plays an important role in the regulation of healthy tissue growth and development as well as in controlling the maintenance of homeostasis in exercising muscles. During an intensive physical effort, the regulation of cell death by apoptosis results in the replacement of unaccustomed muscle cells by new cells that are better suited to exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of two genes (SH3FR1 and SH3RF2) that control apoptosis in muscle tissues during training periods characterized by different intensities. The gene expression levels were estimated using real-time PCR method in skeletal muscle biopsies collected from 15 Arabian horses (untrained, after an intense gallop phase, and at the end of the racing season). An association study was performed on 250 Arabian horses to assess the effect of the SH3RF2:c.796 T > C (p.Ser266Pro) variant on race performance traits in flat gallop-racing. RESULTS A gene expression analysis confirmed a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the anti-apoptotic SH3RF2 (POSHER) gene during training periods that differed in intensity. The highest SH3RF2 expression level was detected in the muscles of untrained horses, whereas the lowest expression was identified at the end of the racing season in horses that were fully adapted to the exercise. A non-significant decrease in SH3RF1 gene expression following the training periods was observed. Moreover, a serine substitution by proline at amino acid position 266 (CC genotype) was negatively associated with the probability of winning races, the number of races in which a horse occurred and the financial value of the prizes. Horses with the TT genotype achieved the highest financial benefits, both for total winnings and for winnings per race in which the horses participated. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the supposed regulation mechanism of exercise-induced apoptosis in horses at the molecular level. The identified SH3RF2: c.796 T > C missense variant was associated with selected racing performance traits, which is important information during the evaluation of horses' exercise predisposition. The association results and frequencies of the CT and TT genotypes suggest the possibility of using SH3RF2 variant in selection to improve the racing performance of Arabian horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków, Poland. .,Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083, Balice, Poland.
| | - M Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, the University of Agriculture in Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków, Poland
| | - T Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Bugno-Poniewierska
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
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27
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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Żukowski K, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Transcriptomic hallmarks of bone remodelling revealed by RNA-Seq profiling in blood of Arabian horses during racing training regime. Gene 2018; 676:256-262. [PMID: 30021131 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of exercises on young developing organisms is still of interest to researchers. Similarly like Thoroughbreds, Arabian horses competing at the race track. The high percent of lameness and loss of days in training are often the result of weakness in the condition of the musculoskeletal system. The objective of the presented study was to identify by RNA-Seq method, the possible skeletal system originating transcriptomic profile in peripheral blood of Arabian horses undergoing race training. Obtained results showed that one of the most significantly deregulated pathway involved in bone homeostasis was those involved in osteoclast differentiation. Among the significantly expressed molecules, we recognized twelve genes potentially involved in the metabolism of the skeletal system: BGLAP, CTSK, TYROBP, PDLIM7, SLC9B2, TWSG1, NOTCH2, IL6ST, VAV3, NFATc1, CLEC5A, TXLNG. The panel of identified genes should be evaluated as candidate biomarkers for bone homeostasis indicators of Arabians performing on race tracks to assess bone remodelling states during training for race track competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, the University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - K Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - K Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - K Żukowski
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - M Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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