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Yoshioka H, Wang YY, Suzuki A, Shayegh M, Gajera MV, Zhao Z, Iwata J. Overexpression of miR-1306-5p, miR-3195, and miR-3914 Inhibits Ameloblast Differentiation through Suppression of Genes Associated with Human Amelogenesis Imperfecta. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042202. [PMID: 33672174 PMCID: PMC7926528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a congenital form of enamel hypoplasia. Although a number of genetic mutations have been reported in humans, the regulatory network of these genes remains mostly unclear. To identify signatures of biological pathways in amelogenesis imperfecta, we conducted bioinformatic analyses on genes associated with the condition in humans. Through an extensive search of the main biomedical databases, we found 56 genes in which mutations and/or association/linkage were reported in individuals with amelogenesis imperfecta. These candidate genes were further grouped by function, pathway, protein–protein interaction, and tissue-specific expression patterns using various bioinformatic tools. The bioinformatic analyses highlighted a group of genes essential for extracellular matrix formation. Furthermore, advanced bioinformatic analyses for microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short non-coding RNAs that suppress target genes at the post-transcriptional level, predicted 37 candidates that may be involved in amelogenesis imperfecta. To validate the miRNA–gene regulation association, we analyzed the target gene expression of the top seven candidate miRNAs: miR-3195, miR-382-5p, miR-1306-5p, miR-4683, miR-6716-3p, miR-3914, and miR-3935. Among them, miR-1306-5p, miR-3195, and miR-3914 were confirmed to regulate ameloblast differentiation through the regulation of genes associated with amelogenesis imperfecta in AM-1 cells, a human ameloblastoma cell line. Taken together, our study suggests a potential role for miRNAs in amelogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yoshioka
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (H.Y.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.V.G.)
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yin-Ying Wang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (H.Y.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.V.G.)
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Meysam Shayegh
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (H.Y.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.V.G.)
| | - Mona V. Gajera
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (H.Y.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.V.G.)
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (H.Y.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.V.G.)
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.I.)
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Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is exceptionally well suited for the study of the structure of dental enamel, due to its ability to create high-resolution images of hard surfaces. Continuous attention on how to arrive at the observation stage with a clean and dry specimen is one main aspect of specimen preparation. Other main aspects are choice of whether the specimen should be embedded or not, choice of plane of section, and choice of acid-etching regime. Special attention is given to the preparation of small specimens and how to prepare and observe more than one plane or aspect in the same specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Risnes
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amer Sehic
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Nirvani M, Khuu C, Tulek A, Utheim TP, Sand LP, Snead ML, Sehic A. Transcriptomic analysis of MicroRNA expression in enamel-producing cells. Gene 2018; 688:193-203. [PMID: 30529249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There is little evidence for the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of circadian rhythms during enamel development. Few studies have used ameloblast-like cell line LS8 to study the circadian rhythm of gene activities related to enamel formation. However, the transcriptomic analysis of miRNA expression in LS8 cells has not been established yet. In this study, we analyze the oscillations of miRNAs in LS8 cells during one-day cycle of 24 h by next generation deep sequencing. After removal of low quality reads, contaminants, and ligation products, we obtained a high number of clean reads in all 12 samples from four different time points. The length distribution analysis indicated that 77.5% of clean reads were between 21 and 24 nucleotides (nt), of which 35.81% reads exhibited a length of 22 nt. In total, we identified 1471 miRNAs in LS8 cells throughout all four time-points. 1330 (90.41%) miRNAs were identified as known miRNA sequences, whereas 139 (9.59%) were unannotated and classified as novel miRNA sequences. The differential expression analysis showed that 191 known miRNAs exhibited significantly (P-value < 0.01) different levels of expression across three time-points investigated (T6, T12, and T18) compared to T0. Verification of sequencing data using qRT-PCR on six selected miRNAs suggested good correlation between the two methods. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs. The present study shows that miRNAs are highly expressed in LS8 cells and that a significant number of them oscillate during one-day cycle of 24 h. This is the first transcriptomic analysis of miRNAs in ameloblast-like cell line LS8 that can be potentially used to further characterize the epigenetic regulation of miRNAs during enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minou Nirvani
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cuong Khuu
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amela Tulek
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Peter Sand
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malcolm L Snead
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amer Sehic
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Risnes S, Li C. Obtaining scratch-free specimens of dental enamel prepared by sectioning, grinding, polishing, and acid etching for scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:997-1003. [PMID: 30341967 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the stage during acid etching of dental enamel where scratches introduced by sectioning and grinding procedures were eliminated. Nitric acid was used as etchant. Four hundred 2-3 mm-thick longitudinal sections of human third molar crowns were assigned to 80 groups, each group differing with respect to grinding procedure (silicon carbide paper grit 600; 1,000; 1,200; and 1,200 + polishing), acid concentration (0.1%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5%) and etching time (15, 30, 45, 90, and 180 s). Observation of the specimens with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that elimination of scratches was facilitated by increasing fineness of grinding paper and polishing, and by increasing acid concentration and increasing etching time. An acid concentration of 0.1% did not remove scratches totally irrespective of grinding procedure or etching time, 1% acid removed most scratches after 45-90 s, while 2.5% and 5% acids removed most scratches after 30-45 s. It is proposed that the scratches are eliminated/obscured through a combined effect of the acid and the inherent structure of the enamel. The results of the present study may serve as a guide in choosing the best procedures for obtaining scratch-free enamel surfaces through acid etching with the least possible loss of enamel substance. Research highlights Sectioning and grinding produce scratches in dental enamel. Scratches are eliminated by acid etching prior to SEM studies of enamel structure. Scratch elimination increases with increasing acid strength and etching time and is facilitated by finer grit grinding paper and polishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Risnes
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1052, Blindern, 0316, Norway, Oslo
| | - Chunfang Li
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1052, Blindern, 0316, Norway, Oslo.,School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Usa K, Wang F, Liu P, Geurts AM, Li J, Williams AM, Regner KR, Kong Y, Liu H, Nie J, Liang M. MicroRNA-214-3p in the Kidney Contributes to the Development of Hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2518-2528. [PMID: 30049682 PMCID: PMC6171279 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of extensive study, the mechanisms for salt sensitivity of BP in humans and rodent models remain poorly understood. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with hypertension, but few have been shown to contribute to its development. METHODS We examined miRNA expression profiles in human kidney biopsy samples and rat models using small RNA deep sequencing. To inhibit an miRNA specifically in the kidney in conscious, freely moving rats, we placed indwelling catheters to allow both renal interstitial administration of a specific anti-miR and measurement of BP. A rat with heterozygous disruption of the gene encoding endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was developed. We used bioinformatic analysis to evaluate the relationship between 283 BP-associated human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1870 human miRNA precursors, as well as other molecular and cellular methods. RESULTS Compared with salt-insensitive SS.13BN26 rats, Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats showed an upregulation of miR-214-3p, encoded by a gene in the SS.13BN26 congenic region. Kidney-specific inhibition of miR-214-3p significantly attenuated salt-induced hypertension and albuminuria in SS rats. miR-214-3p directly targeted eNOS. The effect of miR-214-3p inhibition on hypertension and albuminuria was abrogated in SS rats with heterozygous loss of eNOS. Human kidney biopsy specimens from patients with hypertension or hypertensive nephrosclerosis showed upregulation of miR-214-3p; the gene encoding miR-214-3p was one of several differentially expressed miRNA genes located in proximity to human BP-associated SNPs. CONCLUSIONS Renal miR-214-3p plays a functional and potentially genetic role in the development of hypertension, which might be mediated in part by targeting eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
| | - Kristie Usa
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
| | - Feng Wang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
- Cancer Center
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, and
| | - Junhui Li
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | | | - Kevin R Regner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yiwei Kong
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology,
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
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Tulek A, Saeed M, Mulic A, Stenhagen KR, Utheim TP, Galtung HK, Khuu C, Nirvani M, Kristiansen MS, Sehic A. New animal model of extrinsic dental erosion-Erosive effect on the mouse molar teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:137-145. [PMID: 30241000 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of acidic food and drinks is considered as important risk factor for development of dental erosion. There are several in vitro and in situ studies focusing on the risk indicators and preventive treatment, however, the need for a standardized animal model has been emphasised for many years. The aim was to establish an animal model of extrinsic dental erosion, which may serve as a standard for future studies to improve our understanding of the erosion. DESIGN Two acidic drinks, sports drink and cola drink, were given to young mice for six weeks. Experimental and control (water) molars and incisors were dissected out and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mandibular first molars were subsequently ground transversely and observed again by SEM. The tooth height and enamel thickness were measured on the SEM images. RESULTS The lingual surface of the mandibular molars was most eroded after consumption of acidic drinks. The cola drink exhibited higher erosive effect on mandibular molars compared to sports drink. The lingual tooth height, compared to control, was about 34% and 18% lower in the cola drink and sports drink molars, respectively. Compared to the control molars, the lingual enamel was about 23% thinner in the sports drink molars and totally eroded on the certain lingual areas of the cola drink molars. CONCLUSIONS This new animal model of extrinsic dental erosion and the presented method with ground molars observed in SEM are suitable for further studies, which will gain deeper insights into the erosive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Tulek
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1052 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1052 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aida Mulic
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM AS), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjersti Refsholt Stenhagen
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1052 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hilde Kanli Galtung
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1052 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cuong Khuu
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1052 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Minou Nirvani
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1052 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marthe Smedmoen Kristiansen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1052 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Amer Sehic
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1052 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Mandible exosomal ssc-mir-133b regulates tooth development in miniature swine via endogenous apoptosis. Bone Res 2018; 6:28. [PMID: 30210900 PMCID: PMC6131536 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction between different organs is crucial in the normal development of the human body. As an important medium for signal communication, exosomes can transfer important information, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), from donors to receptors. MiRNAs are known to fine-tune a variety of biological processes, including maxillofacial development; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, transient apoptosis was found to be due to the expression of a miniature swine maxillofacial-specific miRNA, ssc-mir-133b. Upregulation of ssc-mir-133b resulted in robust apoptosis in primary dental mesenchymal cells in the maxillofacial region. Cell leukemia myeloid 1 (Mcl-1) was verified as the functional target, which triggered further downstream activation of endogenous mitochondria-related apoptotic processes during tooth development. More importantly, mandible exosomes were responsible for the initial apoptosis signal. An animal study demonstrated that ectopic expression of ssc-mir-133b resulted in failed tooth formation after 12 weeks of subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice. The tooth germ developed abnormally without the indispensable exosomal signals from the mandible. The delivery of the small regulatory molecule microRNA-133b via extracellular vesicles released from the lower jaw is required for tooth formation in pigs and mice. Several microRNAs have been implicated in tooth development, but their precise roles are poorly understood. Songlin Wang at Capital Medical University, China, and colleagues found that microRNA-133b causes temporary cell death at sites of molar development by reducing the levels of the pro-survival protein myeloid cell leukemia-1. Moreover, they showed that microRNA-133b is delivered from the lower jaw in exosomes and that interrupting this signal prevents tooth development. These findings highlight the importance of cross-talk between jaw and tooth tissue for normal development and reveal a possible mechanism for the prevention and treatment of abnormal tooth formation.
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Expression and Regulation Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig: Relevance to Xenotransplantation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2983908. [PMID: 29750148 PMCID: PMC5884403 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2983908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pig is an important source of meat production and provides a valuable model for certain human diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA), which is noncoding RNA and regulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, plays a critical role in various biological processes. Studies on identification and function of mature miRNAs in multiple pig tissues are increasing, yet the literature is limited. Therefore, we reviewed current research to determine the miRNAs expressed in specific pig tissues that are involved in carcass values (including muscle and adipocytes), reproduction (including pituitary, testis, and ovary), and development of some solid organs (e.g., brain, lung, kidney, and liver). We also discuss the possible regulating mechanisms of miRNA. Finally, as pig organs are suitable candidates for xenotransplantation, biomarkers of their miRNA in xenotransplantation were evaluated.
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De Martino M, Forzati F, Arra C, Fusco A, Esposito F. HMGA1-pseudogenes and cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28724-35. [PMID: 26895108 PMCID: PMC5053758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudogenes are DNA sequences with high homology to the corresponding functional gene, but, because of the accumulation of various mutations, they have lost their initial functions to code for proteins. Consequently, pseudogenes have been considered until few years ago dysfunctional relatives of the corresponding ancestral genes, and then useless in the course of genome evolution. However, several studies have recently established that pseudogenes are owners of key biological functions. Indeed, some pseudogenes control the expression of functional genes by competitively binding to the miRNAs, some of them generate small interference RNAs to negatively modulate the expression of functional genes, and some of them even encode functional mutated proteins. Here, we concentrate our attention on the pseudogenes of the HMGA1 gene, that codes for the HMGA1a and HMGA1b proteins having a critical role in development and cancer progression. In this review, we analyze the family of HMGA1 pseudogenes through three aspects: classification, characterization, and their possible function and involvement in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Forzati
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Yachuan Z, Xuedong Z, Liwei Z. [Expression and function of microRNAs in enamel development]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:328-333. [PMID: 28675021 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short, noncoding RNAs that can negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs are involved in multiple developmental events in various tissues and organs, including dental enamel development. Any disruption during enamel development may result in inherited enamel malformations. This article reviews the expression and function of miRNAs in enamel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yachuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhou Xuedong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Liwei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Nirvani M, Khuu C, Utheim TP, Hollingen HS, Amundsen SF, Sand LP, Sehic A. Circadian rhythms and gene expression during mouse molar tooth development. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:144-153. [PMID: 28030993 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2016.1271999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Incremental markings in dental enamel suggest that the circadian clock may influence the molecular underpinnings orchestrating enamel formation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) oscillate in a circadian pattern during tooth and enamel development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Comparative gene and miRNA expression profiling of the first mandibular molar tooth germ isolated at different time-points during the light and night period was performed using microarrays and validated using real-time RT-PCR. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and TargetScan software was used in order to identify computationally predicted miRNA-mRNA target relationships. RESULTS In total, 439 genes and 32 miRNAs exhibited significantly different (p < 0.05) levels of expression in the light phase compared with the night phase tooth germs. Genes involved in enamel formation, i.e. Amelx, Ambn, Amtn, and Odam, oscillated in a circadian pattern. Furthermore, the circadian clock genes, in particular Clock and Bmal1, oscillated in mouse molar tooth germ during 24-h intervals. The expression of Clock and Bmal1 was inversely correlated with the expression of miR-182 and miR-141, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MiRNAs, including miR-182 and miR-141, are involved in the control of peripheral circadian rhythms in the developing tooth by regulating the expression of genes coding for circadian transcription factors such as CLOCK and BMAL1. Regulation of circadian rhythms may be important for enamel phenotype, and the morphology of dental enamel may vary between individuals due to differences in circadian profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minou Nirvani
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cuong Khuu
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of South East Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | | | - Simon Furre Amundsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Peter Sand
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amer Sehic
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Jin Y, Wang C, Cheng S, Zhao Z, Li J. MicroRNA control of tooth formation and eruption. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 73:302-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Regulatory roles of microRNAs in human dental tissues. Gene 2017; 596:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Yu S, Geng Q, Pan Q, Liu Z, Ding S, Xiang Q, Sun F, Wang C, Huang Y, Hong A. MiR-690, a Runx2-targeted miRNA, regulates osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 myogenic progenitor cells by targeting NF-kappaB p65. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:10. [PMID: 26877865 PMCID: PMC4751671 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is a cell-fate-determining factor that controls osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. It has been previously demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in osteogenesis. However, the Runx2-regulated miRNAs that have been reported thus far are limited. In this study, we pursued to identify these miRNAs in Tet-on stable C2C12 cell line (C2C12/Runx2(Dox) subline). RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that alterations in miRNA expression occur with 54 miRNAs. Among these miRNAs, miR-690 was identified as a positive regulator of Runx2-induced osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells through gain- and loss-of-function assays. Expression of miR-690 is induced by Runx2, which binds directly to the putative promoter of mir-690 (Mirn690). The miR-690 proceeds to inhibit translation of the messenger RNA encoding the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65 whose overexpression inhibits Runx2-induced osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a downstream target of NF-κB pathway, is upregulated by p65 overexpression but significantly downregulated during this differentiation process. Furthermore, overexpression of IL-6 impedes the expression of osteocalcin, a defined marker of late osteoblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results suggest that the miR-690 transactivated by Runx2 acts as a positive regulator of Runx2-induced osteogenic differentiation by inactivating the NF-κB pathway via the downregulation of the subunit p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhe Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Lab for Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Lab for Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Central Laboratory, People's 10th Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Lab for Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, People's 10th Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Lab for Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Lab for Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
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15
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Li KC, Chang YH, Yeh CL, Hu YC. Healing of osteoporotic bone defects by baculovirus-engineered bone marrow-derived MSCs expressing MicroRNA sponges. Biomaterials 2016; 74:155-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Li A, Li Y, Song T, Wang F, Liu D, Fan Z, Cheng S, Zhang C, Wang J, He J, Wang S. Identification of differential microRNA expression during tooth morphogenesis in the heterodont dentition of miniature pigs, SusScrofa. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:51. [PMID: 26715101 PMCID: PMC4696248 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background It has been found that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of tooth development, and most likely increase the complexity of the genetic network, thus lead to greater complexity of teeth. But there has been no research about the key microRNAs associated with tooth morphogenesis based on miRNAs expression profiles. Compared to mice, the pig model has plentiful types of teeth, which is similar with the human dental pattern. Therefore, we used miniature pigs as large-animal models to investigate differentially expressed miRNAs expression during tooth morphogenesis in the early developmental stages of tooth germ. Results A custom-designed miRNA microarray with 742 miRNA gene probes was used to analyze the expression profiles of four types of teeth at three stages of tooth development. Of the 591 detectable miRNA transcripts, 212 miRNAs were continuously expressed in all types of tooth germ, but the numbers of miRNA transcript among the four different types of teeth at each embryonic stage were statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). The hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis results suggest that the miRNA expression was globally altered by types and temporal changes. By clustering analysis, we predicted 11 unique miRNA sequences that belong to mir-103 and mir-107, mir-133a and mir-133b, and mir-127 isomiR families. The results of real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR and in situ hybridization experiments revealed that five representative miRNAs may play important roles during different developmental stages of the incisor, canine, biscuspid, and molar, respectively. Conclusions The present study indicated that these five miRNAs, including ssc-miR-103 and ssc-miR-107, ssc-miR-133a and ssc-miR-133b, and ssc-miR-127, may play key regulatory roles in different types of teeth during different stages and thus may play critical roles in tooth morphogenesis during early development in miniature pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-015-0099-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Lu No.98, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Ye Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Lu No.98, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Tieli Song
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Fu Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Dayong Liu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - San Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi TouTiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi TouTiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Junqi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi TouTiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi TouTiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Evolutionary analysis of selective constraints identifies ameloblastin (AMBN) as a potential candidate for amelogenesis imperfecta. BMC Evol Biol 2015. [PMID: 26223266 PMCID: PMC4518657 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ameloblastin (AMBN) is a phosphorylated, proline/glutamine-rich protein secreted during enamel formation. Previous studies have revealed that this enamel matrix protein was present early in vertebrate evolution and certainly plays important roles during enamel formation although its precise functions remain unclear. We performed evolutionary analyses of AMBN in order to (i) identify residues and motifs important for the protein function, (ii) predict mutations responsible for genetic diseases, and (iii) understand its molecular evolution in mammals. Results In silico searches retrieved 56 complete sequences in public databases that were aligned and analyzed computationally. We showed that AMBN is globally evolving under moderate purifying selection in mammals and contains a strong phylogenetic signal. In addition, our analyses revealed codons evolving under significant positive selection. Evidence for positive selection acting on AMBN was observed in catarrhine primates and the aye-aye. We also found that (i) an additional translation initiation site was recruited in the ancestral placental AMBN, (ii) a short exon was duplicated several times in various species including catarrhine primates, and (iii) several polyadenylation sites are present. Conclusions AMBN possesses many positions, which have been subjected to strong selective pressure for 200 million years. These positions correspond to several cleavage sites and hydroxylated, O-glycosylated, and phosphorylated residues. We predict that these conserved positions would be potentially responsible for enamel disorder if substituted. Some motifs that were previously identified as potentially important functionally were confirmed, and we found two, highly conserved, new motifs, the function of which should be tested in the near future. This study illustrates the power of evolutionary analyses for characterizing the functional constraints acting on proteins with yet uncharacterized structure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0431-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Esposito F, De Martino M, Petti MG, Forzati F, Tornincasa M, Federico A, Arra C, Pierantoni GM, Fusco A. HMGA1 pseudogenes as candidate proto-oncogenic competitive endogenous RNAs. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8341-54. [PMID: 25268743 PMCID: PMC4226687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The High Mobility Group A (HMGA) are nuclear proteins that participate in the organization of nucleoprotein complexes involved in chromatin structure, replication and gene transcription. HMGA overexpression is a feature of human cancer and plays a causal role in cell transformation. Since non-coding RNAs and pseudogenes are now recognized to be important in physiology and disease, we investigated HMGA1 pseudogenes in cancer settings using bioinformatics analysis. Here we report the identification and characterization of two HMGA1 non-coding pseudogenes, HMGA1P6 and HMGA1P7. We show that their overexpression increases the levels of HMGA1 and other cancer-related proteins by inhibiting the suppression of their synthesis mediated by microRNAs. Consistently, embryonic fibroblasts from HMGA1P7-overexpressing transgenic mice displayed a higher growth rate and reduced susceptibility to senescence. Moreover, HMGA1P6 and HMGA1P7 were overexpressed in human anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, which are highly aggressive, but not in differentiated papillary carcinomas, which are less aggressive. Lastly, the expression of the HMGA1 pseudogenes was significantly correlated with HMGA1 protein levels thereby implicating HMGA1P overexpression in cancer progression. In conclusion, HMGA1P6 and HMGA1P7 are potential proto-oncogenic competitive endogenous RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Petti
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Forzati
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Tornincasa
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Federico
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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19
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MicroRNA 224 Regulates Ion Transporter Expression in Ameloblasts To Coordinate Enamel Mineralization. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2875-90. [PMID: 26055330 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01266-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enamel mineralization is accompanied by the release of protons into the extracellular matrix, which is buffered to regulate the pH value in the local microenvironment. The present study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA 224 (miR-224) as a regulator of SLC4A4 and CFTR, encoding the key buffering ion transporters, in modulating enamel mineralization. miR-224 was significantly downregulated as ameloblasts differentiated, in parallel with upregulation of SLC4A4 and CFTR. Overexpression of miR-224 downregulated SLC4A4 and CFTR expression in cultured human epithelial cells. A microRNA luciferase assay confirmed the specific binding of miR-224 to the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of SLC4A4 and CFTR mRNAs, thereby inhibiting protein translation. miR-224 agomir injection in mouse neonatal incisors resulted in normal enamel length and thickness, but with disturbed organization of the prism structure and deficient crystal growth. Moreover, the enamel Ca/P ratio and microhardness were markedly reduced after miR-224 agomir administration. These results demonstrate that miR-224 plays a pivotal role in fine tuning enamel mineralization by modulating SLC4A4 and CFTR to maintain pH homeostasis and support enamel mineralization.
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20
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Ahmed MI, Alam M, Emelianov VU, Poterlowicz K, Patel A, Sharov AA, Mardaryev AN, Botchkareva NV. MicroRNA-214 controls skin and hair follicle development by modulating the activity of the Wnt pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 207:549-67. [PMID: 25422376 PMCID: PMC4242830 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201404001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
miRNA-214 regulates hair follicle development and cycling by targeting β-catenin and thereby modulating Wnt pathway transduction. Skin development is governed by complex programs of gene activation and silencing, including microRNA-dependent modulation of gene expression. Here, we show that miR-214 regulates skin morphogenesis and hair follicle (HF) cycling by targeting β-catenin, a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway. miR-214 exhibits differential expression patterns in the skin epithelium, and its inducible overexpression in keratinocytes inhibited proliferation, which resulted in formation of fewer HFs with decreased hair bulb size and thinner hair production. The inhibitory effects of miR-214 on HF development and cycling were associated with altered activities of multiple signaling pathways, including decreased expression of key Wnt signaling mediators β-catenin and Lef-1, and were rescued by treatment with pharmacological Wnt activators. Finally, we identify β-catenin as one of the conserved miR-214 targets in keratinocytes. These data provide an important foundation for further analyses of miR-214 as a key regulator of Wnt pathway activity and stem cell functions during normal tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Ahmed
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, England, UK
| | - Majid Alam
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, England, UK
| | | | - Krzysztof Poterlowicz
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, England, UK
| | - Ankit Patel
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, England, UK
| | - Andrey A Sharov
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Andrei N Mardaryev
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, England, UK
| | - Natalia V Botchkareva
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, England, UK
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21
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Mayanil CS. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of neural crest induction during neurulation. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:361-72. [PMID: 24051984 DOI: 10.1159/000354749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurulation is one of the many important events in mammalian development. It is the stage of organogenesis in vertebrate embryos during which the neural tube is transformed into the primitive structures that will later develop into the central nervous system. Recent transcriptome analysis during neurulation and early organogenesis in humans and mice has identified the global dynamics of gene expression changes across developmental time. This has revealed a richer understanding of gene regulation and provides hints at the transcriptional regulatory networks that underlie these processes. Similarly, epigenome analysis, which collectively constitutes histone modifications, transcription factor binding, and other structural features associated with gene regulation, has given a renewed appreciation to the subtle mechanisms involving the process of neurulation. More specifically, the histone demethylases KDM4A and KDM6B have recently been shown to be key histone H3K4 and H3K27 modifiers that regulate neural crest specification and neural tube closure. Additionally, miRNAs have recently been shown to influence transcription of genes directly or by altering the levels of epigenetic modifiers and thus regulate gene expression. This mini review briefly summarizes the literature, highlighting the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of key genes involved in neural crest induction and neural crest specification by transcription factors and miRNAs. Understanding how these mechanisms work individually and in clusters will shed light on pathways in the context of diseases associated with neural crest cell derivatives such as melanoma, cardiovascular defects and neuronal craniofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Mayanil
- Developmental Biology Program, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA
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22
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Khan QES, Sehic A, Khuu C, Risnes S, Osmundsen H. Expression of Clu and Tgfb1 during murine tooth development: effects of in-vivo transfection with anti-miR-214. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:303-12. [PMID: 23841781 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Expression of clusterin (Clu) in the murine first molar tooth germ was markedly increased at postnatal developmental stages. The time-course of expression of this gene paralleled those of other genes encoding proteins involved during the secretory phase of odontogenesis, as described previously. Immunohistochemical studies of clusterin in murine molar tooth germs suggested this protein to be located in outer enamel epithelium, regressing enamel organ, secretory ameloblasts, and the dental epithelium connecting the tooth to the oral epithelium at an early eruptive stage. Immunolabelling of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) revealed it to be located close to clusterin. The levels of expression of Clu and Tgfb1 were markedly decreased following in-vivo transfection with anti-miR-214. In contrast, the expression of several genes associated with regulation of growth and development were increased by this treatment. We suggest that clusterin has functions during secretory odontogenesis and the early eruptive phase. Bioinformatic analysis after treatment with anti-miR-214 suggested that, whilst cellular activities associated with tooth mineralization and eruption were inhibited, activities associated with an alternative developmental activity (i.e. biosynthesis of contractile proteins) appeared to be stimulated. These changes probably occur through regulation mediated by a common cluster of transcription factors and support suggestions that microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly significant as regulators of differentiation during odontogenesis.
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23
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MicroRNAome and expression profile of developing tooth germ in miniature pigs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52256. [PMID: 23272230 PMCID: PMC3525553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of rodent tooth development, but little is known about their role in tooth development in large mammals. We identified 637 unique miRNA sequences in a large-scale screen for miRNA expression profiles in the developing lower deciduous molars of miniature pigs (Sus scrofa) using Illumina Solexa deep sequencing. These candidate miRNAs and another 105 known Sus scrofa miRNAs were included in the custom-designed microarray and used to analyze the miRNA expression profile in the bud, cap, early bell, and late bell stages of tooth development. Microarray analysis revealed 166 transcripts that were differentially expressed in the four stages. Bioinformatic analysis identified 18 key miRNAs, including let-7f, miR-128, miR-200b, and miR-200c, that might play key roles in tooth development. Taken together, our results not only identified the specific microRNAome and expression profile in developing lower deciduous molars of the miniature pig, but they also provided useful information for investigating the molecular mechanism of tooth development in the miniature pig.
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24
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Wan M, Gao B, Sun F, Tang Y, Ye L, Fan Y, Klein OD, Zhou X, Zheng L. microRNA miR-34a regulates cytodifferentiation and targets multi-signaling pathways in human dental papilla cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50090. [PMID: 23226240 PMCID: PMC3511455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontogenesis relies on the reciprocal signaling interactions between dental epithelium and neural crest-derived mesenchyme, which is regulated by several signaling pathways. Subtle changes in the activity of these major signaling pathways can have dramatic effects on tooth development. An important regulator of such subtle changes is the fine tuning function of microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the underlying mechanism by which miRNAs regulate tooth development remains elusive. This study determined the expression of miRNAs during cytodifferentiation in the human tooth germ and studied miR-34a as a regulator of dental papilla cell differentiation. Using microarrays, miRNA expression profiles were established at selected times during development (early bell stage or late bell stage) of the human fetal tooth germ. We identified 29 differentially expressed miRNAs from early bell stage/late bell stage comparisons. Out of 6 miRNAs selected for validation by qPCR, all transcripts were confirmed to be differentially expressed. miR-34a was selected for further investigation because it has been previously reported to regulate organogenesis. miR-34a mimics and inhibitors were transfected into human fetal dental papilla cells, mRNA levels of predicted target genes were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, and levels of putative target proteins were examined by western blotting. ALP and DSPP expression were also tested by qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Findings from these studies suggested that miR-34a may play important roles in dental papilla cell differentiation during human tooth development by targeting NOTCH and TGF-beta signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Ye
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Fan
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology and Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (XDZ); (LWZ)
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (XDZ); (LWZ)
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Palma J, Yaddanapudi SC, Pigati L, Havens MA, Jeong S, Weiner GA, Weimer KME, Stern B, Hastings ML, Duelli DM. MicroRNAs are exported from malignant cells in customized particles. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:9125-38. [PMID: 22772984 PMCID: PMC3467054 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are released from cells in association with proteins or microvesicles. We previously reported that malignant transformation changes the assortment of released miRNAs by affecting whether a particular miRNA species is released or retained by the cell. How this selectivity occurs is unclear. Here we report that selectively exported miRNAs, whose release is increased in malignant cells, are packaged in structures that are different from those that carry neutrally released miRNAs (n-miRNAs), whose release is not affected by malignancy. By separating breast cancer cell microvesicles, we find that selectively released miRNAs associate with exosomes and nucleosomes. However, n-miRNAs of breast cancer cells associate with unconventional exosomes, which are larger than conventional exosomes and enriched in CD44, a protein relevant to breast cancer metastasis. Based on their large size, we call these vesicles L-exosomes. Contrary to the distribution of miRNAs among different microvesicles of breast cancer cells, normal cells release all measured miRNAs in a single type of vesicle. Our results suggest that malignant transformation alters the pathways through which specific miRNAs are exported from cells. These changes in the particles and their miRNA cargo could be used to detect the presence of malignant cells in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Palma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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