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Sun QA, Grimmett ZW, Hess DT, Perez LG, Qian Z, Chaube R, Venetos NM, Plummer BN, Laurita KR, Premont RT, Stamler JS. Physiological role for S-nitrosylation of RyR1 in skeletal muscle function and development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 723:150163. [PMID: 38820626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle myofibers depends upon Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the ryanodine receptor/Ca2+-release channel RyR1. The RyR1 contains ∼100 Cys thiols of which ∼30 comprise an allosteric network subject to posttranslational modification by S-nitrosylation, S-palmitoylation and S-oxidation. However, the role and function of these modifications is not understood. Although aberrant S-nitrosylation of multiple unidentified sites has been associated with dystrophic diseases, malignant hyperthermia and other myopathic syndromes, S-nitrosylation in physiological situations is reportedly specific to a single (1 of ∼100) Cys in RyR1, Cys3636 in a manner gated by pO2. Using mice expressing a form of RyR1 with a Cys3636→Ala point mutation to prevent S-nitrosylation at this site, we showed that Cys3636 was the principal target of endogenous S-nitrosylation during normal muscle function. The absence of Cys3636 S-nitrosylation suppressed stimulus-evoked Ca2+ release at physiological pO2 (at least in part by altering the regulation of RyR1 by Ca2+/calmodulin), eliminated pO2 coupling, and diminished skeletal myocyte contractility in vitro and measures of muscle strength in vivo. Furthermore, we found that abrogation of Cys3636 S-nitrosylation resulted in a developmental defect reflected in diminished myofiber diameter, altered fiber subtypes, and altered expression of genes implicated in muscle development and atrophy. Thus, our findings establish a physiological role for pO2-coupled S-nitrosylation of RyR1 in skeletal muscle contractility and development and provide foundation for future studies of RyR1 modifications in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-An Sun
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Zachary W Grimmett
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Douglas T Hess
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lautaro G Perez
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ruchi Chaube
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Nicholas M Venetos
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bradley N Plummer
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
| | - Kenneth R Laurita
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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2
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Wei C, Vanhatalo A, Black MI, Blackwell JR, Rajaram R, Kadach S, Jones AM. Relationships between nitric oxide biomarkers and physiological outcomes following dietary nitrate supplementation. Nitric Oxide 2024; 148:23-33. [PMID: 38697467 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation can increase nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, reduce blood pressure (BP) and improve muscle contractile function in humans. Plasma nitrite concentration (plasma [NO2-]) is the most oft-used biomarker of NO bioavailability. However, it is unclear which of several NO biomarkers (NO3-, NO2-, S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs)) in plasma, whole blood (WB), red blood cells (RBC) and skeletal muscle correlate with the physiological effects of acute and chronic dietary NO3- supplementation. Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 12 participants (9 males) consumed NO3--rich beetroot juice (BR) (∼12.8 mmol NO3-) and NO3--depleted placebo beetroot juice (PL) acutely and then chronically (for two weeks). Biological samples were collected, resting BP was assessed, and 10 maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the knee extensors were performed at 2.5-3.5 h following supplement ingestion on day 1 and day 14. Diastolic BP was significantly lower in BR (-2 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.03) compared to PL following acute supplementation, while the absolute rate of torque development (RTD) was significantly greater in BR at 0-30 ms (39 ± 57 N m s-1, P = 0.03) and 0-50 ms (79 ± 99 N m s-1, P = 0.02) compared to PL following two weeks supplementation. Greater WB [RSNOs] rather than plasma [NO2-] was correlated with lower diastolic BP (r = -0.68, P = 0.02) in BR compared to PL following acute supplementation, while greater skeletal muscle [NO3-] was correlated with greater RTD at 0-30 ms (r = 0.64, P=0.03) in BR compared to PL following chronic supplementation. We conclude that [RSNOs] in blood, and [NO3-] in skeletal muscle, are relevant biomarkers of NO bioavailability which are related to the reduction of BP and the enhanced muscle contractile function following dietary NO3- ingestion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wei
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Matthew I Black
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Jamie R Blackwell
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Raghini Rajaram
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Stefan Kadach
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Andrew M Jones
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK.
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3
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van Brakel F, Zhao Y, van der Eerden BC. Fueling recovery: The importance of energy coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis during fracture healing. Bone Rep 2024; 21:101757. [PMID: 38577251 PMCID: PMC10990718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of bone fractures that do not heal properly (non-union) can be accounted to insufficient angiogenesis. The processes of angiogenesis and osteogenesis are spatiotemporally regulated in the complex process of fracture healing that requires a substantial amount of energy. It is thought that a metabolic coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis is essential for successful healing. However, how this coupling is achieved remains to be largely elucidated. Here, we will discuss the most recent evidence from literature pointing towards a metabolic coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. We will describe the metabolic profiles of the cell types involved during fracture healing as well as secreted products in the bone microenvironment (such as lactate and nitric oxide) as possible key players in this metabolic crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur van Brakel
- Calcium and Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yudong Zhao
- Calcium and Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram C.J. van der Eerden
- Calcium and Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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Chakraborty S, Mishra A, Choudhuri A, Bhaumik T, Sengupta R. Leveraging the redundancy of S-denitrosylases in response to S-nitrosylation of Caspases: experimental strategies and beyond. Nitric Oxide 2024; 149:S1089-8603(24)00073-9. [PMID: 38823434 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Redox-based protein posttranslational modifications, such as S-nitrosylation of critical, active site cysteine thiols have garnered significant clinical attention and research interest, reasoning for one of the crucial biological implications of reactive messenger molecule, nitric oxide in the cellular repertoire. The stringency of the S-(de)nitrosylation-based redox switch governs the activity and contribution of several susceptible enzymes in signal transduction processes and diverse pathophysiological settings, thus establishing it as a transient yet reasonable, and regulated mechanism of NO adduction and release. Notably, endogenous proteases like cytosolic and mitochondrial caspases with a molecular weight ranging from 33-55 kDa are susceptible to performing this biochemistry in the presence of major oxidoreductases, which further unveils the enormous redox-mediated regulational control of caspases in the etiology of diseases. In addition to advancing the progress of the current state of understanding of 'redox biochemistry' in the field of medicine and enriching the existing dynamic S-nitrosoproteome, this review stands as a testament to an unprecedented shift in the underpinnings for redundancy and redox relay between the major redoxin/ antioxidant systems, fine-tuning of which can command the apoptotic control of caspases at the face of nitro-oxidative stress. These intricate functional overlaps and cellular backups, supported rationally by kinetically favorable reaction mechanisms suggest the physiological relevance of identifying and involving such cognate substrates for cellular S-denitrosylases that can shed light on the bigger picture of extensively proposing targeted therapies and redox-based drug designing to potentially alleviate the side effects of NOx/ ROS in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Ankita Choudhuri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Tamal Bhaumik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India.
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5
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Daidone M, Casuccio A, Puleo MG, Del Cuore A, Pacinella G, Di Chiara T, Di Raimondo D, Immordino P, Tuttolomondo A. Mediterranean diet effects on vascular health and serum levels of adipokines and ceramides. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300844. [PMID: 38809909 PMCID: PMC11135776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on vascular health indices such as endothelial function indices, serum lipid and ceramide plasma and some adipokine serum levels. We recruited all consecutive patients at high risk of cardiovascular diseases admitted to the Internal Medicine and Stroke Care ward at the University Hospital of Palermo between September 2017 and December 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS The enrolled subjects, after the evaluation of the degree of adherence to a dietary regimen of the Mediterranean-style diet, were randomised to a Mediterranean Diet (group A) assessing the adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet at each follow up visit (every three months) for the entire duration of the study (twelve months) and to a Low-fat diet (group B) with a dietary "counselling" starting every three months for the entire duration of the study (twelve months).The aims of the study were to evaluate: the effects of adherence to Mediterranean Diet on some surrogate markers of vascular damage, such as endothelial function measured by means of the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AIX), at the 6-(T1) and 12-month (T2) follow-ups; the effects of adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the lipidaemic profile and on serum levels of ceramides at T1 and T2 follow-ups; the effects of adherence to Mediterranean Diet on serum levels of visfatin, adiponectin and resistin at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS A total of 101 patients were randomised to a Mediterranean Diet style and 52 control subjects were randomised to a low-fat diet with a dietary "counselling". At the six-month follow-up (T1), subjects in the Mediterranean Diet group showed significantly lower mean serum total cholesterol levels, and significantly higher increase in reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) values compared to the low-fat diet group. Patients in the Mediterranean Diet group also showed lower serum levels of resistin and visfatin at the six-month follow-up compared to the control group, as well as higher values of adiponectin, lower values of C24:0, higher values of C22:0 and higher values of the C24:0/C16:0 ratio. At the twelve-month follow-up (T2), subjects in the Mediterranean Diet group showed lower serum total cholesterol levels and lower serum LDL cholesterol levels than those in the control group. At the twelve-month follow-up, we also observed a further significant increase in the mean RHI in the Mediterranean Diet group, lower serum levels of resistin and visfatin, lower values of C24:0 and of C:18:0,and higher values of the C24:0/C16:0 ratio. DISCUSSION The findings of our current study offer a further possible explanation with regard to the beneficial effects of a higher degree of adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet on multiple cardiovascular risk factors and the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Moreover, these findings provide an additional plausible interpretation of the results from observational and cohort studies linking high adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet with lower total mortality and a decrease in cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04873167. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04873167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Daidone
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Palermo, Italy
- U.O. C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Palermo, Italy
- U.O. C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Puleo
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Palermo, Italy
- U.O. C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Cuore
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Palermo, Italy
- U.O. C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pacinella
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Palermo, Italy
- U.O. C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Chiara
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Palermo, Italy
- U.O. C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Palermo, Italy
- U.O. C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Palermo, Italy
| | - Palmira Immordino
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Palermo, Italy
- U.O. C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Palermo, Italy
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6
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Baum O. Expression of neuronal NO synthase α- and β-isoforms in skeletal muscle of mice. Biochem J 2024; 481:601-613. [PMID: 38592741 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of the primary structure of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in skeletal muscle is still conflicting and needs further clarification. To elucidate the expression patterns of nNOS isoforms at both mRNA and protein level, systematic reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and epitope mapping by qualitative immunoblot analysis on skeletal muscle of C57/BL6 mice were performed. The ability of the nNOS isoforms to form aggregates was characterized by native low-temperature polyacrylamide electrophoresis (LT-PAGE). The molecular analysis was focused on the rectus femoris (RF) muscle, a skeletal muscle with a nearly balanced ratio of nNOS α- and β-isoforms. RT-PCR amplificates from RF muscles showed exclusive exon-1d mRNA expression, either with or without exon-μ. Epitope mapping demonstrated the simultaneous expression of the nNOS splice variants α/μ, α/non-μ, β/μ and β/non-μ. Furthermore, immunoblotting suggests that the transition between nNOS α- and β-isoforms lies within exon-3. In LT-PAGE, three protein nNOS associated aggregates were detected in homogenates of RF muscle and tibialis anterior muscle: a 320 kDa band containing nNOS α-isoforms, while 250 and 300 kDa bands consist of nNOS β-isoforms that form homodimers or heterodimers with non-nNOS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Baum
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Yin Y, He GJ, Hu S, Tse EHY, Cheung TH. Muscle stem cell niche dynamics during muscle homeostasis and regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:151-177. [PMID: 38670704 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The process of skeletal muscle regeneration involves a coordinated interplay of specific cellular and molecular interactions within the injury site. This review provides an overview of the cellular and molecular components in regenerating skeletal muscle, focusing on how these cells or molecules in the niche regulate muscle stem cell functions. Dysfunctions of muscle stem cell-to-niche cell communications during aging and disease will also be discussed. A better understanding of how niche cells coordinate with muscle stem cells for muscle repair will greatly aid the development of therapeutic strategies for treating muscle-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yin
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Gary J He
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Shenyuan Hu
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Erin H Y Tse
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Tom H Cheung
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
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8
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Krishna S, Piepho AB, Lake DM, Cumby LR, Lortz KK, Lowe J, Chamberlain JS, Rafael-Fortney JA. Gene therapy delivered micro-dystrophins co-localize with transgenic utrophin in dystrophic skeletal muscle fibers. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 36:1-5. [PMID: 38301403 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle disease caused by the absence of functional dystrophin. There are multiple ongoing clinical trials for DMD that are testing gene therapy treatments consisting of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors carrying miniaturized versions of dystrophin optimized for function, termed micro-dystrophins (μDys). Utrophin, the fetal homolog of dystrophin, has repeatedly been reported to be upregulated in human DMD muscle as a compensatory mechanism, but whether µDys displaces full-length utrophin is unknown. In this study, dystrophin/utrophin-deficient mice with transgenic overexpression of full-length utrophin in skeletal muscles were systemically administered low doses of either AAV6-CK8e-Hinge3-µDys (μDysH3) or AAV6-CK8e-μDys5 (μDys5). We used immunofluorescence to qualitatively assess the localization of μDys with transgenic utrophin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in quadriceps muscles. μDys protein resulting from both gene therapies co-localized at myofiber membranes with transgenic utrophin. We also confirmed the sarcolemmal co-localization of nNOS with μDys5, but not with transgenic utrophin expression or μDysH3. Transgenic utrophin expression and μDys proteins produced from both therapies stabilize the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex as observed by sarcolemmal localization of β-dystroglycan. This study suggests that µDys gene therapy will likely not inhibit any endogenous compensation by utrophin in DMD muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Krishna
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arden B Piepho
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dana M Lake
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Laurel R Cumby
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kaelyn K Lortz
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeovanna Lowe
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jill A Rafael-Fortney
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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9
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Schulze A, Busse M. Sports Diet and Oral Health in Athletes: A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:319. [PMID: 38399605 PMCID: PMC10890155 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Food and fluid supply is fundamental for optimal athletic performance but can also be a risk factor for caries, dental erosion, and periodontal diseases, which in turn can impair athletic performance. Many studies have reported a high prevalence of oral diseases in elite athletes, notably dental caries 20-84%, dental erosion 42-59%, gingivitis 58-77%, and periodontal disease 15-41%, caused by frequent consumption of sugars/carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fats, or deficient protein intake. There are three possible major reasons for poor oral health in athletes which are addressed in this review: oxidative stress, sports diet, and oral hygiene. This update particularly summarizes potential sports nutritional effects on athletes' dental health. Overall, sports diet appropriately applied to deliver benefits for performance associated with oral hygiene requirements is necessary to ensure athletes' health. The overall aim is to help athletes, dentists, and nutritionists understand the tangled connections between sports diet, oral health, and oral healthcare to develop mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of dental diseases due to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antina Schulze
- General Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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10
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Longden TA, Lederer WJ. Electro-metabolic signaling. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313451. [PMID: 38197953 PMCID: PMC10783436 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise matching of energy substrate delivery to local metabolic needs is essential for the health and function of all tissues. Here, we outline a mechanistic framework for understanding this critical process, which we refer to as electro-metabolic signaling (EMS). All tissues exhibit changes in metabolism over varying spatiotemporal scales and have widely varying energetic needs and reserves. We propose that across tissues, common signatures of elevated metabolism or increases in energy substrate usage that exceed key local thresholds rapidly engage mechanisms that generate hyperpolarizing electrical signals in capillaries that then relax contractile elements throughout the vasculature to quickly adjust blood flow to meet changing needs. The attendant increase in energy substrate delivery serves to meet local metabolic requirements and thus avoids a mismatch in supply and demand and prevents metabolic stress. We discuss in detail key examples of EMS that our laboratories have discovered in the brain and the heart, and we outline potential further EMS mechanisms operating in tissues such as skeletal muscle, pancreas, and kidney. We suggest that the energy imbalance evoked by EMS uncoupling may be central to cellular dysfunction from which the hallmarks of aging and metabolic diseases emerge and may lead to generalized organ failure states-such as diverse flavors of heart failure and dementia. Understanding and manipulating EMS may be key to preventing or reversing these dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Longden
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Belbis MD, Yap Z, Hobart SE, Ferguson SK, Hirai DM. Effects of acute phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition on skeletal muscle interstitial PO 2 during contractions and recovery. Nitric Oxide 2024; 142:16-25. [PMID: 37979932 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen partial pressure within the interstitial space (PO2is; mmHg) provides the driving force for oxygen diffusion into the myocyte thereby supporting oxidative phosphorylation. We tested the hypothesis that potentiation of the nitric oxide pathway with sildenafil (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor) would enhance PO2is during muscle metabolic transitions, thereby slowing PO2is on- and accelerating PO2is off-kinetics. The rat spinotrapezius muscle (n = 17) was exposed for PO2is measurements via phosphorescence quenching under control (CON), low-dose sildenafil (1 mg/kg i.a., SIL1) and high-dose sildenafil (7 mg/kg i.a., SIL7). Data were collected at rest and during submaximal twitch contractions (1 Hz, 4-6 V, 3 min) and recovery (3 min). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; mmHg) was reduced with both SIL1 (pre:132 ± 5; post:99 ± 5) and SIL7 (pre:111 ± 6; post:99 ± 4) (p < 0.05). SIL7 elevated resting PO2is (18.4 ± 1.1) relative to both CON (15.7 ± 0.7) and SIL1 (15.2 ± 0.7) (p < 0.05). In addition, SIL7 increased end-recovery PO2is (17.7 ± 1.6) compared to CON (12.8 ± 0.9) and SIL1 (13.4 ± 0.8) (p < 0.05). The overall PO2is response during recovery (i.e., area under the PO2is curve) was greater in SIL7 (4107 ± 444) compared to CON (3493 ± 222) and SIL1 (3114 ± 205 mmHg s) (p < 0.05). Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no impact of acute SIL (1 or 7 mg/kg) on the speed of the PO2is response during contractions or recovery (p > 0.05). However, sildenafil lowered MAP and improved skeletal muscle interstitial oxygenation in healthy rats. Specifically, SIL7 enhanced PO2is at rest and during recovery from submaximal muscle contractions. Potentiation of the nitric oxide pathway with sildenafil enhances microvascular blood-myocyte O2 transport and is expected to improve repeated bouts of contractile activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Belbis
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Exercise Science, Aurora University, Aurora, IL, USA
| | - Zhen Yap
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sara E Hobart
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Scott K Ferguson
- Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA
| | - Daniel M Hirai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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12
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Morris JK, Kueck PJ, Kemna RE, Green ZD, John CS, Winter M, Billinger SA, Vidoni ED. Biomarker Responses to Acute Exercise and Relationship with Brain Blood Flow. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:283-292. [PMID: 38108352 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for brain health, but these effects are variable between individuals and the underlying mechanisms that modulate these benefits remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the acute physiological response of bioenergetic and neurotrophic blood biomarkers to exercise in cognitively healthy older adults, as well as relationships with brain blood flow. METHODS We measured exercise-induced changes in lactate, which has been linked to brain blood flow, as well brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin related to brain health. We further quantified changes in brain blood flow using arterial spin labeling. RESULTS As expected, lactate and BDNF both changed with time post exercise. Intriguingly, there was a negative relationship between lactate response (area under the curve) and brain blood flow measured acutely following exercise. Finally, the BDNF response tracked strongly with change in platelet activation, providing evidence that platelet activation is an important mechanism for trophic-related exercise responses. CONCLUSIONS Lactate and BDNF respond acutely to exercise, and the lactate response tracks with changes in brain blood flow. Further investigation into how these factors relate to brain health-related outcomes in exercise trials is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Morris
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fairway, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
| | - Paul J Kueck
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fairway, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
| | - Riley E Kemna
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fairway, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
| | - Zachary D Green
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fairway, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
| | - Casey S John
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fairway, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
| | - Michelle Winter
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fairway, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fairway, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fairway, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
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13
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Evangelista JF, Meirelles CM, Aguiar GS, Alves R, Matsuura C. Effects of Beetroot-Based Supplements on Muscular Endurance and Strength in Healthy Male Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:77-91. [PMID: 37167368 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2211318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review the current literature and analyze the effects of beetroot-based supplements (BRS) on muscular performance. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the acute or short-term effects of BRS administration on muscular endurance and/or strength in healthy male individuals were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases from inception to February 20th, 2023. In addition, we also searched preprint papers in medRxiv.org, bibRxiv.org; thesis and dissertations included in oatd.org; and clinical trials published in ClinicalTrials.gov. Data extraction, risk of bias, and study quality were assessed by 2 authors. Meta-analyses and subgroup analyses of standardized mean differences (SMD) were performed using a random-effects model. A total of 1486 records were identified in the databases and 2 were obtained by manual search in the reference list. Of those, 27 studies attended eligibility criteria and composed this systematic review. BRS administration resulted in a positive effect on muscular endurance (SMD: 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10 to 0.51; p < 0.01; n = 16 studies). There was an overall significative effect for muscular strength (SMD: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.48; p < 0.05; n = 18 studies), but a subgroup analysis showed that significant effects were found when strength was measured in a fatigued (SMD: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.03; p < 0.01), but not resting state. BRS administration have a small ergogenic effect on muscular endurance and attenuate the decline in muscular strength in a fatigued state in healthy male individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriella Salles Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Alves
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matsuura
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Giv V, Aminaei M, Nikoei R. The effect of eight weeks beetroot juice supplement on aerobic, anaerobic power, and field performance of soccer players. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:132-144. [PMID: 35726852 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2090250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study investigated the effect of eight weeks of soccer training with beetroot juice supplement on aerobic power, anaerobic power, and field performance of soccer players. This is experimental research, by the control group in pre and post-test. The statistical population was male soccer players. Forty subjects were randomly divided into four groups including the exercise group (EX) the exercise group with beetroot juice supplement (EX&BRJS) the beetroot juice supplement group (BRJS), and the control group (C). Aerobic power, anaerobic threshold, and respiratory exchange ratio, measured by the gas analyser (Cosmed), anaerobic power (peak, mean power), and fatigue index, by Wingate cycle test (Monark, 839), and field performance by (Bangsbo, field test performance). The statistical methods include the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levin, covariance (ANCOVA), and pair comparison with Bonferroni test. The results showed eight weeks' of soccer training with beetroot juice supplement, significantly changed aerobic power, respiratory exchange ratio, anaerobic threshold, anaerobic power, field performance, and fatigue index (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, in all variables, the paired comparison showed that the EX&BRJS group progressed more than all other condition groups. The soccer athletes may use beetroot juice supplements along with soccer exercises to improve aerobic and anaerobic power and field performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Giv
- Department of Sport Sciences, The Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IRAN
| | - Mohsen Aminaei
- Department of Sport Sciences, The Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IRAN
| | - Rohullah Nikoei
- Department of Sport Sciences, The Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IRAN
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15
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Pawar A, Pardasani KR. Study of disorders in regulatory spatiotemporal neurodynamics of calcium and nitric oxide. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1661-1682. [PMID: 37974582 PMCID: PMC10640555 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies have reported the dependence of nitric oxide (NO) on the regulation of neuronal calcium ([Ca2+]) dynamics in neurons. But, there is no model available to estimate the disorders caused by various parameters in their regulatory dynamics leading to various neuronal disorders. A mathematical model to analyze the impacts due to alterations in various parameters like buffer, ryanodine receptor, serca pump, source influx, etc. leading to regulation and dysregulation of the spatiotemporal calcium and NO dynamics in neuron cells is constructed using a system of reaction-diffusion equations. The numerical simulation is performed with the finite element approach. The disturbances in the different constitutive processes of [Ca2+] and nitric oxide including source influx, buffer mechanism, ryanodine receptor, serca pump, IP3 receptor, etc. can be responsible for the dysregulation in the [Ca2+] and NO dynamics in neurons. Also, the results reveal novel information about the magnitude and intensity of disorders in response to a range of alterations in various parameters of this neuronal dynamics, which can cause dysregulation leading to neuronal diseases like Parkinson's, cerebral ischemia, trauma, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Pawar
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics and Computer Applications, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462003 India
| | - Kamal Raj Pardasani
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics and Computer Applications, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462003 India
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16
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Zocchi M, Bartolini M, Maier JA, Castiglioni S. Low extracellular magnesium induces phenotypic and metabolic alterations in C2C12-derived myotubes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19425. [PMID: 37940675 PMCID: PMC10632379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) has a pivotal role in upholding skeletal muscle health and optimizing performance. Its deficiency decreases muscle strength, and an association has been reported between Mg intake and sarcopenia. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the repercussions arising from low Mg concentrations on muscle behavior, we employed an in vitro model utilizing C2C12-derived myotubes. Myotubes cultured in low Mg show a significant reduction of thickness and a concomitant down-regulation of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), Myog and Myomixer. In parallel, myotubes shape their metabolism. Glycolysis is inhibited and beta-oxidation increases. These metabolic changes are consistent with the increase of MyHC I (slow) vs. MyHC II (fast) expression. We identified an essential player in these changes, namely nitric oxide (NO), as the increase in NO production appeared to orchestrate the observed modifications in myotube behavior and metabolism under low Mg conditions. Understanding these underlying mechanisms may pave the way for targeted interventions to ameliorate muscle-related conditions associated with Mg deficiency and contribute to enhancing overall muscle health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Bartolini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Jeanette A Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157, Milano, Italy.
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17
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Tryfonos A, Christodoulou F, Pamboris GM, Christodoulides S, Theodorou AA. Short-Term L-Citrulline Supplementation Does Not Affect Blood Pressure, Pulse Wave Reflection, or Arterial Stiffness at Rest and during Isometric Exercise in Older Males. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:177. [PMID: 37755854 PMCID: PMC10535063 DOI: 10.3390/sports11090177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and arterial stiffness are significant factors contributing to cardiovascular disease. L-citrulline, a nitric oxide precursor, has been proposed as a nutritional, non-pharmacological blood pressure-lowering intervention. This study aimed to investigate the impact of L-citrulline on central and peripheral blood pressure, pulse wave reflection, and central arterial stiffness at rest and during an isometric knee extension exercise protocol. Twelve older males received 6 g of L-citrulline or a placebo for six days using a double-blind crossover design. Blood hemodynamics parameters (i.e., aortic and brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate), pulse wave reflection (i.e., augmented pressure, augmentation index, forward/backward wave pressure), and arterial stiffness (i.e., carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity) were measured at baseline, post-supplementation, and during isometric exercise. No significant effects of L-citrulline supplementation were observed at rest or during exercise on blood pressure, pulse wave reflection, or arterial stiffness. Both central and peripheral blood pressure were increased during the exercise, which is consistent with isometric contractions. The results of the present study do not support any blood pressure-lowering effect of short-term L-citrulline at rest or during low-intensity isometric exercise compared to the pre-exercise values in older males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tryfonos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; (A.T.); (F.C.); (G.M.P.); (S.C.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filippos Christodoulou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; (A.T.); (F.C.); (G.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - George M. Pamboris
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; (A.T.); (F.C.); (G.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Stephanos Christodoulides
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; (A.T.); (F.C.); (G.M.P.); (S.C.)
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Anastasios A. Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; (A.T.); (F.C.); (G.M.P.); (S.C.)
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18
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Zoughaib WS, Hoffman RL, Yates BA, Moorthi RN, Lim K, Coggan AR. Short-term beetroot juice supplementation improves muscle speed and power but does not reduce blood pressure or oxidative stress in 65-79 y old men and women. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:34-41. [PMID: 37244392 PMCID: PMC10527284 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that acute ingestion of inorganic nitrate (NO3-)-rich beetroot juice (BRJ), a source of nitric oxide (NO) via the NO3- → nitrite (NO2-) → NO pathway, can improve muscle speed and power in older individuals. It is not known, however, whether this effect is maintained or perhaps even enhanced with repeated ingestion, or if tolerance develops as with organic nitrates, e.g., nitroglycerin. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we therefore studied 16 community-dwelling older (age 71 ± 5 y) individuals after both acute and short-term (i.e., daily for 2 wk) BRJ supplementation. Blood samples were drawn and blood pressure was measured periodically during each ∼3 h experiment, with muscle function determined using isokinetic dynamometry. Acute ingestion of BRJ containing 18.2 ± 6.2 mmol of NO3- increased plasma NO3- and NO2- concentrations 23 ± 11 and 2.7 ± 2.1-fold over placebo, respectively. This was accompanied by 5 ± 11% and 7 ± 13% increases in maximal knee extensor speed (Vmax) and power (Pmax), respectively. After daily supplementation for 2 wk, BRJ ingestion elevated NO3- and NO2- levels 24 ± 12 and 3.3 ± 4.0-fold, respectively, whereas Vmax and Pmax were 7 ± 9% and 9 ± 11% higher than baseline. No changes were observed in blood pressure or in plasma markers of oxidative stress with either acute or short-term NO3- supplementation. We conclude that both acute and short-term dietary NO3- supplementation result in similar improvements in muscle function in older individuals. The magnitudes of these improvements are sufficient to offset the decline resulting from a decade or more of aging and are therefore likely to be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Zoughaib
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Richard L Hoffman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Brandon A Yates
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ranjani N Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA.
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19
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Potolitsyna N, Parshukova O, Vakhnina N, Alisultanova N, Kalikova L, Tretyakova A, Chernykh A, Shadrina V, Duryagina A, Bojko E. Lactate thresholds and role of nitric oxide in male rats performing a test with forced swimming to exhaustion. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15801. [PMID: 37667373 PMCID: PMC10477198 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed a complex of biochemical parameters at the anaerobic threshold (AT) in untrained male Wistar rats with different times to exhaustion (Tex ) from swimming. The first group of rats was randomly divided into six subgroups and subjected to a swimming test to exhaustion without a load or with a load of 2%-10% of body weight (BW). In the first group, we established that for untrained rats, the load of 4% BW in the swimming to exhaustion test was optimal for endurance assessment in comparison with other loads. The second group of rats went through a preliminary test with swimming to exhaustion at 4% BW and was then divided into two subgroups: long swimming time (LST, Tex > 240 min) and short swimming time (SST, Tex < 90 min). All rats of the second group performed, for 6 days, an experimental training protocol: swimming for 20 min each day with weight increasing each day. We established that the AT was 3% BW in SST rats and 5% BW in LST rats. The AT shifted to the right on the lactate curve in LST rats. Also, at the AT in the LST rats, we found significantly lower levels of blood lactate, cortisol, and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Potolitsyna
- Institute of Physiology of Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RASSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Olga Parshukova
- Institute of Physiology of Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RASSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Nadezhda Vakhnina
- Institute of Physiology of Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RASSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Nadezhda Alisultanova
- Institute of Physiology of Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RASSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Lubov Kalikova
- Institute of Physiology of Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RASSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Anastasia Tretyakova
- Institute of Physiology of Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RASSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Alexey Chernykh
- Institute of Physiology of Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RASSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Vera Shadrina
- Institute of Physiology of Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RASSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Arina Duryagina
- Institute of Physiology of Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RASSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Evgeny Bojko
- Institute of Physiology of Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RASSyktyvkarRussia
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20
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Tan R, Baranauskas MN, Karl ST, Ortiz de Zevallos J, Shei RJ, Paris HL, Wiggins CC, Bailey SJ. Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on peak power output: Influence of supplementation strategy and population. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:105-119. [PMID: 37438201 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that dietary nitrate supplementation has the potential to increase muscular power output during skeletal muscle contractions. However, there is still a paucity of data characterizing the impact of different nitrate dosing regimens on nitric oxide bioavailability and its potential ergogenic effects across various population groups. This review discusses the potential influence of different dietary nitrate supplementation strategies on nitric oxide bioavailability and muscular peak power output in healthy adults, athletes, older adults and some clinical populations. Effect sizes were calculated for peak power output and absolute and/or relative nitrate doses were considered where applicable. There was no relationship between the effect sizes of peak power output change following nitrate supplementation and when nitrate dosage when considered in absolute or relative terms. Areas for further research are also recommended including a focus on nitrate dosing regimens that optimize nitric oxide bioavailability for enhancing peak power at times of increased muscular work in a variety of healthy and disease populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA.
| | - Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Human Physiology & Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | - Sean T Karl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | | | - Ren-Jay Shei
- Indiana University Alumni Association, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - Chad C Wiggins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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21
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Leo JA, Sabapathy S, Kuck L, Simmonds MJ. Modulation of red blood cell nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in the quiescent and exercising human forearm. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R260-R268. [PMID: 37424398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00017.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro investigations demonstrate that human erythrocytes synthesize nitric oxide via a functional isoform of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (RBC-NOS). We tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of RBC-NOS at serine residue 1177 (RBC-NOS1177) would be amplified in blood draining-active skeletal muscle. Furthermore, given hypoxemia modulates local blood flow and thus shear stress, and nitric oxide availability, we performed duplicate experiments under normoxia and hypoxia. Nine healthy volunteers performed rhythmic handgrip exercise at 60% of individualized maximal workload for 3.5 min while breathing room air (normoxia) and after being titrated to an arterial oxygen saturation ≈80% (hypoxemia). We measured brachial artery blood flow by high-resolution duplex ultrasound, while continuously monitoring vascular conductance and mean arterial pressure using finger photoplethysmography. Blood was sampled during the final 30 s of each stage from an indwelling cannula. Blood viscosity was measured to facilitate calculation of accurate shear stresses. Erythrocytes were assessed for levels of phosphorylated RBC-NOS1177 and cellular deformability from blood collected at rest and during exercise. Forearm exercise increased blood flow, vascular conductance, and vascular shear stress, which coincided with a 2.7 ± 0.6-fold increase in RBC-NOS1177 phosphorylation (P < 0.0001) and increased cellular deformability (P < 0.0001) under normoxia. When compared with normoxia, hypoxemia elevated vascular conductance and shear stress (P < 0.05) at rest, while cellular deformability (P < 0.01) and RBC-NOS1177 phosphorylation (P < 0.01) increased. Hypoxemic exercise elicited further increases in vascular conductance, shear stress, and cell deformability (P < 0.0001), although a subject-specific response in RBC-NOS1177 phosphorylation was observed. Our data yield novel insights into the manner that hemodynamic force and oxygen tension modulate RBC-NOS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Leo
- Exercise and Sport, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Surendran Sabapathy
- Exercise and Sport, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lennart Kuck
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Simmonds
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Hemmatinafar M, Zaremoayedi L, Koushkie Jahromi M, Alvarez-Alvarado S, Wong A, Niknam A, Suzuki K, Imanian B, Bagheri R. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients 2023; 15:3763. [PMID: 37686795 PMCID: PMC10490293 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beetroot juice (BRJ) contains various bioactive compounds suggested to be effective in improving athlete recovery. However, the number of studies evaluating the effects of BRJ on recovery and muscle soreness (MS) indicators in female athletes is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effects of BRJ consumption on the performance recovery indicators and MS after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in female volleyball players. METHODS Twelve young female volleyball players were evaluated in this study. We utilized a randomized, cross-over, and double-blind design during two phases with a 30-day interval (wash-out). During each phase, EIMD was performed first, followed by BRJ or placebo (PLA) supplementation for two days (eight servings of 50 mL). Recovery monitoring of performance indicators and MS was performed after EIMD. The results of wall-sit, V sit and reach (VSFT), vertical jump height (VJH), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and thigh swelling (Sw-T) tests were recorded 48 h after EIMD. Also, the Perceived Muscle Soreness was recorded using the visual analog scale (VAS) 12 (MS-12 h), 24 (MS-24 h), and 48 (MS-48 h) hours after EIMD. RESULTS The data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures of ANOVA at p < 0.05. Compared to PLA, BRJ supplementation improves wall-sit performance after EIMD (p < 0.05), while reducing Sw-T and perceived muscle soreness (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between PLA and BRJ in VJH and VSFT performance after EIMD (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the consumption of BRJ in female volleyball players can be useful for improving some recovery indicators, such as muscle endurance, perceived muscle soreness, and tissue edema, after EIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hemmatinafar
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84334, Iran
| | - Leila Zaremoayedi
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84334, Iran
| | - Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84334, Iran
| | - Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine—Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, TX 22207, USA
| | - Alireza Niknam
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84334, Iran
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Babak Imanian
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84334, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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23
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Wallis TJM, Minnion M, Freeman A, Bates A, Otto JM, Wootton SA, Fletcher SV, Grocott MPW, Feelisch M, Jones MG, Jack S. Individualised Exercise Training Enhances Antioxidant Buffering Capacity in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1645. [PMID: 37627640 PMCID: PMC10451244 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is recommended for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, the mechanism(s) underlying its physiological benefits remain unclear. We investigated the effects of an individualised aerobic interval training programme on exercise capacity and redox status in IPF patients. IPF patients were recruited prospectively to an 8-week, twice-weekly cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)-derived structured responsive exercise training programme (SRETP). Systemic redox status was assessed pre- and post-CPET at baseline and following SRETP completion. An age- and sex-matched non-IPF control cohort was recruited for baseline comparison only. At baseline, IPF patients (n = 15) had evidence of increased oxidative stress compared with the controls as judged by; the plasma reduced/oxidised glutathione ratio (median, control 1856 vs. IPF 736 p = 0.046). Eleven IPF patients completed the SRETP (median adherence 88%). Following SRETP completion, there was a significant improvement in exercise capacity assessed via the constant work-rate endurance time (+82%, p = 0.003). This was accompanied by an improvement in post-exercise redox status (in favour of antioxidants) assessed via serum total free thiols (median increase, +0.26 μmol/g protein p = 0.005) and total glutathione concentration (+0.73 μM p = 0.03), as well as a decrease in post-exercise lipid peroxidation products (-1.20 μM p = 0.02). Following SRETP completion, post-exercise circulating nitrite concentrations were significantly lower compared with baseline (-0.39 μM p = 0.04), suggestive of exercise-induced nitrite utilisation. The SRETP increased both endurance time and systemic antioxidant capacity in IPF patients. The observed reduction in nitrite concentrations provides a mechanistic rationale to investigate nitrite/nitrate supplementation in IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J. M. Wallis
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (A.F.); (A.B.); (J.M.O.); (S.V.F.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.J.); (S.J.)
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (A.F.); (A.B.); (J.M.O.); (S.V.F.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.J.); (S.J.)
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Anna Freeman
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (A.F.); (A.B.); (J.M.O.); (S.V.F.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.J.); (S.J.)
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Andrew Bates
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (A.F.); (A.B.); (J.M.O.); (S.V.F.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.J.); (S.J.)
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
- Department of Critical Care and Anaesthesia, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - James M. Otto
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (A.F.); (A.B.); (J.M.O.); (S.V.F.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.J.); (S.J.)
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
- Department of Critical Care and Anaesthesia, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen A. Wootton
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Nutrition and Metabolism, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sophie V. Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (A.F.); (A.B.); (J.M.O.); (S.V.F.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.J.); (S.J.)
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Michael P. W. Grocott
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (A.F.); (A.B.); (J.M.O.); (S.V.F.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.J.); (S.J.)
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
- Department of Critical Care and Anaesthesia, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (A.F.); (A.B.); (J.M.O.); (S.V.F.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.J.); (S.J.)
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Mark G. Jones
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (A.F.); (A.B.); (J.M.O.); (S.V.F.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.J.); (S.J.)
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sandy Jack
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (A.F.); (A.B.); (J.M.O.); (S.V.F.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.J.); (S.J.)
- Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
- Department of Critical Care and Anaesthesia, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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24
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Tan R, Price KM, Wideen LE, Lincoln IG, Karl ST, Seals JP, Paniagua KK, Hagen DW, Tchaprazian I, Bailey SJ, Pennell A. Dietary nitrate ingested with and without pomegranate supplementation does not improve resistance exercise performance. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1217192. [PMID: 37485396 PMCID: PMC10358845 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1217192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that co-ingesting nitrate (NO3-)-rich beetroot juice (BR) and pomegranate powder (POM) would enhance neuromuscular performance during vertical countermovement jumps, explosive kneeling countermovement push-ups, and back squats compared to BR ingestion alone. Fifteen recreationally-active males were assigned in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, to supplement in 3 conditions: (1) NO3--depleted beetroot juice (PL; 0.10 mmol NO3-) with two empty gelatin capsules; (2) NO3--rich beetroot juice (BR; 11.8 mmol NO3-) with two empty gelatin capsules, and (3) BR with 1,000 mg of POM powder in two capsules (BR + POM). Participants completed 5 countermovement jumps and 5 kneeling countermovement push-ups interspersed by 1 min of recovery. Subsequently, participants performed 2 sets of 2 × 70% one-repetition maximum back squats, interspersed by 2 min of recovery. Plasma [NO3-] and nitrite ([NO2-]) were elevated following BR and BR + POM compared with PL and POM (p < 0.001) with no differences between BR and BR + POM (p > 0.05) or PL and POM (p > 0.05). Peak power during countermovement jumps increased by 3% following BR compared to BR + POM (88.50 ± 11.46 vs. 85.80 ± 10.14 W/Kg0.67, p = 0.009) but not PL (88.50 ± 11.46 vs. 85.58 ± 10.05 W/Kg0.67, p = 0.07). Neuromuscular performance was not different between conditions during explosive kneeling push-ups and back squats (p > 0.05). These data provide insight into the efficacy of NO3- to modulate explosive resistance exercise performance and indicate that supplementing with BR alone or combined with POM has limited ergogenic potential on resistance exercise. Furthermore, caution is required when combining BR with POM, as this could compromise aspects of resistance exercise performance, at least when compared to BR ingested independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Katherine M. Price
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Lauren E. Wideen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Isabella G. Lincoln
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Sean T. Karl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Jacob P. Seals
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | | | - Dylan W. Hagen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Isaac Tchaprazian
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J. Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Pennell
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
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25
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Flores LJF, de Souza Campos F, Baumann L, Weber MG, Barazetti LK, Nampo FK, de Paula Ramos S. Photobiomodulation does not improve anaerobic performance in well-trained cyclists. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:134. [PMID: 37294341 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To determine if photobiomodulation (PBM) has ergogenic effects on the anaerobic performance of well-trained cyclists. Fifteen healthy male road or mountain bike cyclists participated in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Athletes were randomly assigned to receive photobiomodulation (630 nm, 4.6 J/cm2, 6 J per point, 16 points, PBM session) or placebo intervention (PLA session) in the first session. The athletes then performed a 30-s Wingate test to determine mean and peak average power, relative power, mean and peak velocity, mean and peak RPM, fatigue index, total distance, time to peak power, explosive strength, and power drop. After 48 h, athletes returned to the laboratory for the crossover intervention. The repeated-measures ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni post hoc test or Friedman test with Dunn's post hoc test (p < 0.05), and Cohen's d statistic were used for comparisons. Performance in the Wingate test was not significantly different (p > 0.05) between PBM and PLA sessions for any variable. Only a small effect size was detected for time to peak power (-0.40; 1.11 to 0.31) and explosive strength (0.38; -0.34 to 1.09). We conclude that irradiation with red light, under a low energy density, does not promote ergogenic effects on the anaerobic performance of cycling athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucielle Baumann
- State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Keila Barazetti
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | | | - Solange de Paula Ramos
- Study Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation, and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR 445, km 380, Campus Universitário, Bairro Porta de Versalhes I, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86055-990, Brazil.
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26
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Alsharif NS, Clifford T, Alhebshi A, Rowland SN, Bailey SJ. Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Performance during Single and Repeated Bouts of Short-Duration High-Intensity Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1194. [PMID: 37371924 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nitrate (NO3-) has emerged as a potential ergogenic aid over the last couple of decades. While recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested some small positive effects of NO3- supplementation on performance across a range of exercise tasks, the effect of NO3- supplementation on performance during single and repeated bouts of short-duration, high-intensity exercise is unclear. This review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to January 2023. A paired analysis model for cross-over trials was incorporated to perform a random effects meta-analysis for each performance outcome and to generate standardized mean differences (SMD) between the NO3- and placebo supplementation conditions. The systematic review and meta-analysis included 27 and 23 studies, respectively. Time to reach peak power (SMD: 0.75, p = 0.02), mean power output (SMD: 0.20, p = 0.02), and total distance covered in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (SMD: 0.17, p < 0.0001) were all improved after NO3- supplementation. Dietary NO3- supplementation had small positive effects on some performance outcomes during single and repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise. Therefore, athletes competing in sports requiring single or repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise may benefit from NO3- supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal S Alsharif
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Abrar Alhebshi
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samantha N Rowland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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27
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Baum O, Huber-Abel FAM, Flück M. nNOS Increases Fiber Type-Specific Angiogenesis in Skeletal Muscle of Mice in Response to Endurance Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119341. [PMID: 37298293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the relationship between neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) expression and capillarity in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mice subjected to treadmill training. The mRNA (+131%) and protein (+63%) levels of nNOS were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the TA muscle of C57BL/6 mice undergoing treadmill training for 28 days than in those of littermates remaining sedentary, indicating an up-regulation of nNOS by endurance exercise. Both TA muscles of 16 C57BL/6 mice were subjected to gene electroporation with either the pIRES2-ZsGreen1 plasmid (control plasmid) or the pIRES2-ZsGreen1-nNOS gene-inserted plasmid (nNOS plasmid). Subsequently, one group of mice (n = 8) underwent treadmill training for seven days, while the second group of mice (n = 8) remained sedentary. At study end, 12-18% of TA muscle fibers expressed the fluorescent reporter gene ZsGreen1. Immunofluorescence for nNOS was 23% higher (p ≤ 0.05) in ZsGreen1-positive fibers than ZsGreen1-negative fibers from the nNOS-transfected TA muscle of mice subjected to treadmill training. Capillary contacts around myosin heavy-chain (MHC)-IIb immunoreactive fibers (14.2%; p ≤ 0.05) were only higher in ZsGreen1-positive fibers than ZsGreen1-negative fibers in the nNOS-plasmid-transfected TA muscles of trained mice. Our observations are in line with an angiogenic effect of quantitative increases in nNOS expression, specifically in type-IIb muscle fibers after treadmill training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Baum
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Flück
- Heart Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Department EMC, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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28
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Tan R, Baranauskas MN, Karl ST, Ortiz de Zevallos J, Shei RJ, Paris HL, Wiggins CC, Bailey SJ. Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on muscular power output: Influence of supplementation strategy and population. Nitric Oxide 2023:S1089-8603(23)00047-2. [PMID: 37244391 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that dietary nitrate supplementation has the potential to increase muscular power output during skeletal muscle contractions. However, there is still a paucity of data characterizing the impact of different nitrate dosing regimens on nitric oxide bioavailability its potential ergogenic effects across various population groups. This narrative review discusses the potential influence of different dietary nitrate supplementation strategies on nitric oxide bioavailability and muscular power output in healthy adults, athletes, older adults and some clinical populations. Areas for further research are also recommended including a focus individualized nitrate dosing regimens to optimize nitric oxide bioavailability and to promote muscular power enhancements in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA.
| | - Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Human Physiology & Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | - Sean T Karl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | | | - Ren-Jay Shei
- Indiana University Alumni Association, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - Chad C Wiggins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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29
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Vignaud J, Loiseau C, Hérault J, Mayer C, Côme M, Martin I, Ulmann L. Microalgae Produce Antioxidant Molecules with Potential Preventive Effects on Mitochondrial Functions and Skeletal Muscular Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051050. [PMID: 37237915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microalgae have become a source of molecules for a healthy life. Their composition of carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, vitamins and carotenoids makes them a promising new source of antioxidant molecules. Skeletal muscle is a tissue that requires constant remodeling via protein turnover, and its regular functioning consumes energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced by mitochondria. Under conditions of traumatic exercise or muscular diseases, a high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the origin of oxidative stress (OS) will lead to inflammation and muscle atrophy, with life-long consequences. In this review, we describe the potential antioxidant effects of microalgae and their biomolecules on mitochondrial functions and skeletal muscular oxidative stress during exercises or in musculoskeletal diseases, as in sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through the increase in and regulation of antioxidant pathways and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vignaud
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Céline Loiseau
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Isabelle Martin
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
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30
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Zoughaib WS, Hoffman RL, Yates BA, Moorthi RN, Lim K, Coggan AR. The influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle fatigue and recovery in older women. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15694. [PMID: 37226336 PMCID: PMC10209430 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Older individuals fatigue more rapidly during, and recover more slowly from, dynamic exercise. Women are particularly vulnerable to these deleterious effects of aging, which increases their risk of falling. We have shown that dietary nitrate (NO3 - ), a source of nitric oxide (NO) via the NO3 - → nitrite (NO2 - ) → NO pathway, enhances muscle speed and power in older individuals in the non-fatigued state; however, it is unclear if it reduces fatigability and/or improves recoverability in this population. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we studied 18 older (age 70 ± 4 years) women who were administered an acute dose of beetroot juice (BRJ) containing either 15.6 ± 3.6 or <0.05 mmol of NO3 - . Blood samples were drawn throughout each ~3 h visit for plasma NO3 - and NO2 - analysis. Peak torque was measured during, and periodically for 10 min after, 50 maximal knee extensions performed at 3.14 rad/s on an isokinetic dynamometer. Ingestion of NO3 - -containing BRJ increased plasma NO3 - and NO2 - concentrations by 21 ± 8 and 4 ± 4 fold, respectively. However, there were no differences in muscle fatigue or recovery. Dietary NO3 - increases plasma NO3 - and NO2 - concentrations but does not reduce fatigability during or enhance recoverability after high intensity exercise in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Zoughaib
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human SciencesIndiana University Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Richard L. Hoffman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human SciencesIndiana University Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Brandon A. Yates
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Ranjani N. Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Andrew R. Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human SciencesIndiana University Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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31
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Allen JD. Nitric oxide as a mediator of exercise performance: NO pain NO gain. Nitric Oxide 2023; 136-137:8-11. [PMID: 37116609 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Allen
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Theodorou AA, Chatzinikolaou PN, Margaritelis NV, Christodoulou F, Tsatalas T, Paschalis V. Short-Term L-Citrulline Supplementation Does Not Affect Inspiratory Muscle Oxygenation and Respiratory Performance in Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081951. [PMID: 37111169 PMCID: PMC10145540 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In sports nutrition, nitric oxide (NO•) precursors such as L-citrulline are widely used to enhance NO• bioavailability, which is considered an ergogenic aid. Our study aimed to examine the effect of short-term L-citrulline supplementation on respiratory muscles' performance, fatigue, and oxygenation in older adults. Fourteen healthy older males took 6 g of L-citrulline or a placebo for seven days in a double-blind crossover design. Pulmonary function via spirometry (i.e., forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and their ratio)), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (NO•), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), rate of perceived exertion, and sternocleidomastoid muscle oxygenation (i.e., oxyhemoglobin (Δ[O2Hb]) and de-oxyhemoglobin (Δ[HHb]), total hemoglobin concentration (Δ[tHb]), and tissue saturation index (TSI%)) were evaluated at baseline, after seven days of L-citrulline supplementation, and after incremental resistive breathing to task failure of the respiratory muscles. The exhaled NO• value was only significantly increased after the supplementation (26% p < 0.001) in the L-citrulline condition. Pulmonary function, MIP, rate of perceived exertion, and sternocleidomastoid muscle oxygenation were not affected by the L-citrulline supplementation. In the present study, although short-term L-citrulline supplementation increased exhaled NO•, no ergogenic aids were found on the examined parameters at rest and after resistive breathing to task failure in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 61122 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 61122 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Filippos Christodoulou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Themistoklis Tsatalas
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
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Lu W, Hou Q, Zhang J, Zhang W. Targeted energy metabolomics analysis of postmortem pork in an in vitro model as influenced by protein S-nitrosylation. Meat Sci 2023; 197:109073. [PMID: 36525918 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For exploring the effect of protein S-nitrosylation on the energy metabolism of early postmortem pork (within 24 h postmortem), the six Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle homogenates were treated with nitric oxide donor (NOR-3, (±)-(E)-4-Ethyl-2-(E)-hydroxyimino-5-nitro-3-hexenamide), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) and control (0.1 M K2HPO4, pH 7.4) in the in vitro buffer system for 24 h, respectively. The western blotting result showed that NOR-3 treatment led to a greater level of protein S-nitrosylation (p < 0.05). However, S-nitrosylation levels had no significant difference between L-NAME and control groups (p > 0.05). In addition, results showed that 16 significantly differential energy metabolites were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and clearly separated among three groups in the principal component analysis. Four pathways (glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, purine metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway) related to energy metabolism were significantly influenced by different levels of protein S-nitrosylation. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of metabolites demonstrated that metabolites were in dynamic equilibrium with each other. These results indicate that protein S-nitrosylation can participate in and regulate energy metabolism postmortem pork through glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zoughaib WS, Hoffman RL, Yates BA, Moorthi RN, Lim K, Coggan AR. The influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle fatigue and recovery in older women. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.15.23285957. [PMID: 36824817 PMCID: PMC9949194 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.23285957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Older individuals fatigue more rapidly during, and recover more slowly from, dynamic exercise. Women are particularly vulnerable to these deleterious effects of aging, which increases their risk of falling. We have shown that dietary nitrate (NO 3 - ), a source of nitric oxide (NO) via the NO 3 - → nitrite (NO 2 - ) → NO pathway, enhances muscle speed and power in older individuals in the non-fatigued state; however, it is unclear if it reduces fatigability and/or improves recoverability in this population. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we studied 18 older (age 70 ± 4 y) women who were administered an acute dose of beetroot juice (BRJ) containing either 15.6±3.6 or <0.05 mmol of NO 3 - . Blood samples were drawn throughout each ∼3 h visit for plasma NO 3 - and NO 2 - analysis. Peak torque was measured during, and periodically for 10 min after, 50 maximal knee extensions performed at 3.14 rad/s on an isokinetic dynamometer. Ingestion of NO 3 - -containing BRJ increased plasma NO 3 - and NO 2 - concentrations by 21±8 and 4±4 fold, respectively. However, there were no differences in muscle fatigue or recovery. Dietary NO 3 - increases plasma NO 3 - and NO 2 - concentrations but does not reduce fatigability during or enhance recoverability after high intensity exercise in older women.
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Brizzolari A, Bosco G, Vezzoli A, Dellanoce C, Barassi A, Paganini M, Cialoni D, Mrakic-Sposta S. Seasonal Oxy-Inflammation and Hydration Status in Non-Elite Freeskiing Racer: A Pilot Study by Non-Invasive Analytic Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3157. [PMID: 36833850 PMCID: PMC9960265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freeskiing is performed in an extreme environment, with significant physical effort that can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and dehydration. This study aimed to investigate the evolution of the oxy-inflammation and hydration status during a freeskiing training season with non-invasive methods. Eight trained freeskiers were investigated during a season training: T0 (beginning), T1-T3 (training sessions), and T4 (after the end). Urine and saliva were collected at T0, before (A) and after (B) T1-T3, and at T4. ROS, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) derivatives, neopterin, and electrolyte balance changes were investigated. We found significant increases in ROS generation (T1A-B +71%; T2A-B +65%; T3A-B +49%; p < 0.05-0.01) and IL-6 (T2A-B +112%; T3A-B +133%; p < 0.01). We did not observe significant variation of TAC and NOx after training sessions. Furthermore, ROS and IL-6 showed statistically significant differences between T0 and T4 (ROS +48%, IL-6 +86%; p < 0.05). Freeskiing induced an increase in ROS production, which can be contained by antioxidant defense activation, and in IL-6, as a consequence of physical activity and skeletal muscular contraction. We did not find deep changes in electrolytes balance, likely because all freeskiers were well-trained and very experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brizzolari
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- DAN Europe Research Division, 64026 Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Dellanoce
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Barassi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Paganini
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Cialoni
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- DAN Europe Research Division, 64026 Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
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Kochish II, Brazhnik EA, Vorobyov NI, Nikonov IN, Korenyuga MV, Myasnikova OV, Griffin DK, Surai PF, Romanov MN. Features of Fractal Conformity and Bioconsolidation in the Early Myogenesis Gene Expression and Their Relationship to the Genetic Diversity of Chicken Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:521. [PMID: 36766410 PMCID: PMC9913260 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elements of fractal analysis are widely used in scientific research, including several biological disciplines. In this study, we hypothesized that chicken breed biodiversity manifests not only at the phenotypic level, but also at the genetic-system level in terms of different profiles of fractal conformity and bioconsolidation in the early myogenesis gene expression. To demonstrate this effect, we developed two mathematical models that describe the fractal nature of the expression of seven key genes in the embryonic breast and thigh muscles in eight breeds of meat, dual purpose, egg and game types. In the first model, we produced breed-specific coefficients of gene expression conformity in each muscle type using the slopes of regression dependencies, as well as an integral myogenesis gene expression index (MGEI). Additionally, breed fractal dimensions and integral myogenesis gene expression fractal dimension index (MGEFDI) were determined. The second gene expression model was based on plotting fractal portraits and calculating indices of fractal bioconsolidation. The bioconsolidation index of myogenesis gene expression correlated with the chick growth rate and nitric oxide (NO) oxidation rate. The proposed fractal models were instrumental in interpreting the genetic diversity of chickens at the level of gene expression for early myogenesis, NO metabolism and the postnatal growth of chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I. Kochish
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nikolai I. Vorobyov
- All-Russia Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya N. Nikonov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Korenyuga
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Myasnikova
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter F. Surai
- Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
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Dorożyński B, Osowski M, Balwierz R, Biernat P, Jasicka-Misiak I. Application of beetroot's nitrates juice in team sports. Sci Sports 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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38
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Lang CH. IMPORTANCE OF THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE TO SEPSIS-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN PROTEIN BALANCE. Shock 2023; 59:214-223. [PMID: 36730901 PMCID: PMC9957944 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is growing appreciation that skeletal muscle is a fully functional component of the body's innate immune system with the potential to actively participate in the host response to invading bacteria as opposed to being a passive target. In this regard, skeletal muscle in general and myocytes specifically possess an afferent limb that recognizes a wide variety of host pathogens via their interaction with multiple classes of cell membrane-bound and intracellular receptors, including toll-like receptors, cytokine receptors, NOD-like receptors, and the NLRP inflammasome. The efferent limb of the innate immune system in muscle is equally robust and with an increased synthesis and secretion of a variety of myocyte-derived cytokines (i.e., myokines), including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and NO as well as multiple chemokines in response to appropriate stimulation. Herein, the current narrative review focuses primarily on the immune response of myocytes per se as opposed to other cell types within whole muscle. Moreover, because there are important differences, this review focuses specifically on systemic infection and inflammation as opposed to the response of muscle to direct injury and various types of muscular dystrophies. To date, however, there are few definitive muscle-specific studies that are necessary to directly address the relative importance of muscle-derived immune activation as a contributor to either the systemic immune response or the local immune microenvironment within muscle during sepsis and the resultant downstream metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Lang
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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39
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Does Beetroot Supplementation Improve Performance in Combat Sports Athletes? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020398. [PMID: 36678270 PMCID: PMC9860842 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While studies on dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation and its impact on combat sports performance are increasing, finite conclusions from currently available investigations remain unclear. Thus, the present systematic review examined the acute and chronic ergogenic effect(s) of dietary nitrate intake from beetroot on different aspects of combat sports performance. A systematic search for randomized placebo-controlled studies investigating the effects of beetroot supplementation on combat sports outcomes was performed through Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scielo, Sport Discus, and Cochrane Library databases up to 2 January 2023. The different terms related to beetroot and to combat sports were connected in the search strategies using the Boolean operators 'AND' and 'OR'. A total of nine studies with good methodological quality (based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Seven studies used an acute supplementation strategy, while the other two studies utilized chronic supplementation. Findings showed beetroot intake may be an effective tool to improve oxidative metabolism and muscle force production (i.e., isokinetic and isometric) in combat sports athletes. However, these effects may depend on the population, intake duration, muscle group activated, and exercise type. Future studies are required to (1) understand the effects on female athletes and (2) elucidate the impacts of dosing protocols and specific exercise modalities for enhancing combat sports performance.
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Kochish II, Titov VY, Nikonov IN, Brazhnik EA, Vorobyov NI, Korenyuga MV, Myasnikova OV, Dolgorukova AM, Griffin DK, Romanov MN. Unraveling signatures of chicken genetic diversity and divergent selection in breed-specific patterns of early myogenesis, nitric oxide metabolism and post-hatch growth. Front Genet 2023; 13:1092242. [PMID: 36712856 PMCID: PMC9874007 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1092242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Due to long-term domestication, breeding and divergent selection, a vast genetic diversity in poultry currently exists, with various breeds being characterized by unique phenotypic and genetic features. Assuming that differences between chicken breeds divergently selected for economically and culturally important traits manifest as early as possible in development and growth stages, we aimed to explore breed-specific patterns and interrelations of embryo myogenesis, nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and post-hatch growth rate (GR). Methods: These characteristics were explored in eight breeds of different utility types (meat-type, dual purpose, egg-type, game, and fancy) by incubating 70 fertile eggs per breed. To screen the differential expression of seven key myogenesis associated genes (MSTN, GHR, MEF2C, MYOD1, MYOG, MYH1, and MYF5), quantitative real-time PCR was used. Results: We found that myogenesis associated genes expressed in the breast and thigh muscles in a coordinated manner showing breed specificity as a genetic diversity signature among the breeds studied. Notably, coordinated ("accord") expression patterns of MSTN, GHR, and MEFC2 were observed both in the breast and thigh muscles. Also, associated expression vectors were identified for MYOG and MYOD1 in the breast muscles and for MYOG and MYF5 genes in the thigh muscles. Indices of NO oxidation and post-hatch growth were generally concordant with utility types of breeds, with meat-types breeds demonstrating higher NO oxidation levels and greater GR values as compared to egg-type, dual purpose, game and fancy breeds. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that differences in early myogenesis, NO metabolism and post-hatch growth are breed-specific; they appropriately reflect genetic diversity and accurately capture the evolutionary history of divergently selected chicken breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I. Kochish
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yu. Titov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia,Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Ilya N. Nikonov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nikolai I. Vorobyov
- All-Russia Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Korenyuga
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Myasnikova
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M. Dolgorukova
- Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia,School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Michael N. Romanov,
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Lysenkov SP, Muzhenya DV, Tuguz AR, Urakova TU, Shumilov DS, Thakushinov IA, Thakushinov RA, Tatarkova EA, Urakova DM. Cholinergic deficiency in the cholinergic system as a pathogenetic link in the formation of various syndromes in COVID-19. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:1-13. [PMID: 36814151 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-22-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
According to recent data, several mechanisms of viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) have been proposed, one of which is both direct penetration of the virus through afferent nerve fibers and damage to the endothelium of cerebral vessels. It has been proven that the SARS-CoV-2 virus affects pathologically not only the human cardiorespiratory system but is also associated with a wide range of neurological diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, and neuromuscular pathologies. However, the observed post-COVID symptom complex in patients, manifested in the form of headache, "fog in the head," high temperature, muscle weakness, lowering blood pressure, does it make us think about the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the development of this clinical picture? One possible explanation is a disruption in the signaling of the acetylcholine system (AChS) in the body. Viral invasions, and in particular COVID-19, can negatively affect the work of the AChS, disrupting its coordination activities. Therefore, the main goal of this literature review is to analyze the information and substantiate the possible mechanisms for the occurrence of post-COVID syndrome in people who have had COVID-19 from the standpoint of AChS dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Petrovich Lysenkov
- FSBEI HE "Maikop State Technological University", Medical Institute, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | | | - Aminat Ramazanovna Tuguz
- FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University", Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | - Tamara Ur'evna Urakova
- FSBEI HE "Maikop State Technological University", Medical Institute, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Sergeevich Shumilov
- FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University", Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | | | | | - Elena Anatolevna Tatarkova
- FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University", Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | - Diana Muratovna Urakova
- FSBEI HE "Maikop State Technological University", Medical Institute, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
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Ralston NVC. Concomitant selenoenzyme inhibitor exposures as etiologic contributors to disease: Implications for preventative medicine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 733:109469. [PMID: 36423662 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The physiological activities of selenium (Se) occur through enzymes that incorporate selenocysteine (Sec), a rare but important amino acid. The human genome includes 25 genes coding for Sec that employ it to catalyze challenging reactions. Selenoenzymes control thyroid hormones, calcium activities, immune responses, and perform other vital roles, but most are devoted to preventing and reversing oxidative damage. As the most potent intracellular nucleophile (pKa 5.2), Sec is vulnerable to binding by metallic and organic soft electrophiles (E*). These electron poor reactants initially form covalent bonds with nucleophiles such as cysteine (Cys) whose thiol (pKa 8.3) forms adducts which function as suicide substrates for selenoenzymes. These adducts orient E* to interact with Sec and since Se has a higher affinity for E* than sulfur, the E* transfers to Sec and irreversibly inhibits the enzyme's activity. Organic electrophiles have lower Se-binding affinities than metallic E*, but exposure sources are more abundant. Individuals with poor Se status are more vulnerable to the toxic effects of high E* exposures. The relative E*:Se stoichiometries remain undefined, but the aggregate effects of multiple E* exposures are predicted to be additive and possibly synergistic under certain conditions. The potential for the combined Se-binding effects of common pharmaceutical, dietary, or environmental E* require study, but even temporary loss of selenoenzyme activities would accentuate oxidative damage to tissues. As various degenerative diseases are associated with accumulating DNA damage, defining the effects of complementary E* exposures on selenoenzyme activities may enhance the ability of preventative medicine to support healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas V C Ralston
- Earth System Science and Policy, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
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Powers SK, Goldstein E, Schrager M, Ji LL. Exercise Training and Skeletal Muscle Antioxidant Enzymes: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010039. [PMID: 36670901 PMCID: PMC9854578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal observation that muscular exercise is associated with oxidative stress in humans was first reported over 45 years ago. Soon after this landmark finding, it was discovered that contracting skeletal muscles produce oxygen radicals and other reactive species capable of oxidizing cellular biomolecules. Importantly, the failure to eliminate these oxidant molecules during exercise results in oxidation of cellular proteins and lipids. Fortuitously, muscle fibers and other cells contain endogenous antioxidant enzymes capable of eliminating oxidants. Moreover, it is now established that several modes of exercise training (e.g., resistance exercise and endurance exercise) increase the expression of numerous antioxidant enzymes that protect myocytes against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This review concisely summarizes the impact of endurance, high-intensity interval, and resistance exercise training on the activities of enzymatic antioxidants within skeletal muscles in humans and other mammals. We also discuss the evidence that exercise-induced up-regulation of cellular antioxidants reduces contraction-induced oxidative damage in skeletal muscles and has the potential to delay muscle fatigue and improve exercise performance. Finally, in hopes of stimulating further research, we also discuss gaps in our knowledge of exercise-induced changes in muscle antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32723, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Goldstein
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32723, USA
| | - Matthew Schrager
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32723, USA
| | - Li Li Ji
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455, USA
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Rowland SN, Da Boit M, Tan R, Robinson GP, O’Donnell E, James LJ, Bailey SJ. Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Enhances Performance and Speeds Muscle Deoxyhaemoglobin Kinetics during an End-Sprint after Prolonged Moderate-Intensity Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010025. [PMID: 36670889 PMCID: PMC9854517 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation has the potential to enhance performance during submaximal endurance, and short-duration, maximal-intensity exercise. However, it has yet to be determined whether NO3− supplementation before and during submaximal endurance exercise can improve performance during a short-duration, maximal-intensity end-sprint. In a randomised, double-blind, crossover study, 9 recreationally active men ingested NO3−-rich (BR: 8 mmol NO3−/day) and NO3−-depleted (PL: 0.75 mmol NO3−/day) beetroot powder for 7 days. On day 7, participants completed 2 h of moderate-intensity cycling, which immediately transitioned into a 60 s maximal-intensity end-sprint, with supplements ingested 2 h before and 1 h into the moderate-intensity exercise bout. Plasma [NO3−] and [NO2−] were higher in BR compared to PL pre- and post-exercise (p < 0.05). Post-exercise plasma [NO3−] was higher than pre-exercise (562 ± 89 µM vs. 300 ± 73 µM; p < 0.05) and plasma [NO2−] was not significantly different pre- (280 ± 58 nM) and post-exercise (228 ± 63 nM) in the BR condition (p > 0.05). Mean power output during the final 30 s of the end-sprint was greater after BR (390 ± 38 W) compared to PL (365 ± 41 W; p < 0.05). There were no differences between BR and PL in any muscle oxygenation variables during moderate-intensity cycling (p > 0.05), but muscle [deoxyhaemoglobin] kinetics was faster during the end-sprint in BR (6.5 ± 1.4 s) compared to PL (7.3 ± 1.4 s; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that NO3− supplementation has the potential to improve end-sprint performance in endurance events when ingested prior to and during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N. Rowland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Health and Life Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Rachel Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA
| | - George P. Robinson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Emma O’Donnell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Lewis J. James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stephen J. Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Correspondence:
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Cialoni D, Brizzolari A, Sponsiello N, Lancellotti V, Bosco G, Marroni A, Barassi A. Serum Amino Acid Profile Changes After Repetitive Breath-Hold Dives: A Preliminary Study. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:80. [PMID: 35723766 PMCID: PMC9209628 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this work was to investigate the serum amino acid (AA) changes after a breath-hold diving (BH-diving) training session under several aspects including energy need, fatigue tolerance, nitric oxide (NO) production, antioxidant synthesis and hypoxia adaptation. Twelve trained BH-divers were investigated during an open sea training session and sampled for blood 30 min before the training session, 30 min and 4 h after the training session. Serum samples were assayed for AA changes related to energy request (alanine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, proline threonine, valine), fatigue tolerance (ornithine, phenylalanine, tyrosine), nitric oxide production (citrulline), antioxidant synthesis (cystine, glutamate, glycine) and hypoxia adaptation (serine, taurine). Main results Concerning the AA used as an energy support during physical effort, we found statistically significant decreases for all the investigated AA at T1 and a gradual return to the basal value at T2 even if alanine, proline and theonine still showed a slight significant reduction at this time. Also, the changes related to the AA involved in tolerance to physical effort showed a statistically significant decrease only at T1 respect to pre-diving value and a returned to normal value at T2. Citrulline, involved in NO production, showed a clear significant reduction both at T1 and T2. Concerning AA involved in endogenous antioxidant synthesis, the behaviour of the three AA investigated is different: we found a statistically significant increase in cystine both at T1 and T2, while glycine showed a statistically significant reduction (T1 and T2). Glutamate did not show any statistical difference. Finally, we found a statistically significant decrease in the AA investigated in other hypoxia conditions serine and taurine (T1 and T2). Conclusions Our data seem to indicate that the energetic metabolic request is in large part supported by AA used as substrate for fuel metabolism and that also fatigue tolerance, NO production and antioxidant synthesis are supported by AA. Finally, there are interesting data related to the hypoxia stimulus that indirectly may confirm that the muscle apparatus works under strong exposure conditions notwithstanding the very short/low intensity of exercise, due to the intermittent hypoxia caused by repetitive diving.
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Poredoš D, Jenko Pražnikar Z, Kozinc Ž. Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Isometric Muscle Strength, Rate of Torque Development and Isometric Endurance in Young Adult Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Cross-Over Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224759. [PMID: 36432445 PMCID: PMC9692807 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of concentrated beetroot juice on isometric strength and knee extensor muscle endurance in healthy adults. We conducted a randomized cross-over, double-blind experiment in which participants (18 healthy, physically active adults, 9 men, 9 women) consumed either concentrated beetroot juice (140 mL) or low-nitrate control supplement 2.5 h before the measurement. Isometric maximum strength (peak torque), explosive strength (isometric rate of torque development), and strength endurance at 50% of peak torque were measured on an isometric dynamometer. The results showed that concentrated beetroot juice had no effect on the maximum voluntary isometric strength and rate of torque development of the knee extensors. The only exception was the maximum rate of torque development, for which a positive influence was demonstrated only in men. As for the endurance of the knee extensors, the supplement had a positive effect in men (endurance time increased from 86.4 ± 46.1 s to 103.4 ± 53.7 s; p = 0.022), but not in women. The absence of effect on maximal voluntary strength is consistent with previous research. One the other hand, improvements in endurance and rate of torque development in men only point to an important aspect of a previously under-researched area of sex-specific responses to nitrate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Poredoš
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Zala Jenko Pražnikar
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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De Simone G, di Masi A, Ascenzi P. Strategies of Pathogens to Escape from NO-Based Host Defense. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2176. [PMID: 36358549 PMCID: PMC9686644 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule present in most living organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. NO participates in a wide range of biological processes including vasomotor tone, neurotransmission, and immune response. However, NO is highly reactive and can give rise to reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that, in turn, can modify a broad range of biomolecules. Much evidence supports the critical role of NO in the virulence and replication of viruses, bacteria, protozoan, metazoan, and fungi, thus representing a general mechanism of host defense. However, pathogens have developed different mechanisms to elude the host NO and to protect themselves against oxidative and nitrosative stress. Here, the strategies evolved by viruses, bacteria, protozoan, metazoan, and fungi to escape from the NO-based host defense are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
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Zmudzka M, Zoladz JA, Majerczak J. The impact of aging and physical training on angiogenesis in the musculoskeletal system. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14228. [PMID: 36348663 PMCID: PMC9637352 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the physiological process of capillary growth. It is strictly regulated by the balanced activity of agents that promote the formation of capillaries (pro-angiogenic factors) on the one hand and inhibit their growth on the other hand (anti-angiogenic factors). Capillary rarefaction and insufficient angiogenesis are some of the main causes that limit blood flow during aging, whereas physical training is a potent non-pharmacological method to intensify capillary growth in the musculoskeletal system. The main purpose of this study is to present the current state of knowledge concerning the key signalling molecules implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle and bone angiogenesis during aging and physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zmudzka
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Majerczak
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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A comparative study of S-nitrosylated myofibrillar proteins between red, firm and non-exudative (RFN) and pale, soft and exudative (PSE) pork by iodoTMT-based proteomics assay. Food Chem 2022; 395:133577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Skeletal muscle as a reservoir for nitrate and nitrite: The role of xanthine oxidase reductase (XOR). Nitric Oxide 2022; 129:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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