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Kamalaldin NA, Sulaiman SA, Yusop MR, Yahaya B. Does Inhalation of Virgin Coconut Oil Accelerate Reversal of Airway Remodelling in an Allergic Model of Asthma? Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:8741851. [PMID: 28660089 PMCID: PMC5474257 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8741851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been done to evaluate the effect of various natural products in controlling asthma symptoms. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is known to contain active compounds that have beneficial effects on human health and diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of VCO inhalation on airway remodelling in a rabbit model of allergic asthma. The effects of VCO inhalation on infiltration of airway inflammatory cells, airway structures, goblet cell hyperplasia, and cell proliferation following ovalbumin induction were evaluated. Allergic asthma was induced by a combination of ovalbumin and alum injection and/or followed by ovalbumin inhalation. The effect of VCO inhalation was then evaluated via the rescue or the preventive route. Percentage of inflammatory cells infiltration, thickness of epithelium and mucosa regions, and the numbers of goblet and proliferative cells were reduced in the rescue group but not in preventive group. Analysis using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry found that lauric acid and capric acid were among the most abundant fatty acids present in the sample. Significant improvement was observed in rescue route in alleviating the asthma symptoms, which indicates the VCO was able to relieve asthma-related symptoms more than preventing the onset of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Kamalaldin
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - S. A. Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M. R. Yusop
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B. Yahaya
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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Dejager L, Dendoncker K, Eggermont M, Souffriau J, Van Hauwermeiren F, Willart M, Van Wonterghem E, Naessens T, Ballegeer M, Vandevyver S, Hammad H, Lambrecht B, De Bosscher K, Grooten J, Libert C. Neutralizing TNFα restores glucocorticoid sensitivity in a mouse model of neutrophilic airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:1212-25. [PMID: 25760421 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder, evidenced by distinct types of inflammation resulting in different responsiveness to therapy with glucocorticoids (GCs). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is involved in asthma pathogenesis, but anti-TNFα therapies have not proven broadly effective. The effects of anti-TNFα treatment on steroid resistance have never been assessed. We investigated the role of TNFα blockade using etanercept in the responsiveness to GCs in two ovalbumin-based mouse models of airway hyperinflammation. The first model is GC sensitive and T helper type 2 (Th2)/eosinophil driven, whereas the second reflects GC-insensitive, Th1/neutrophil-predominant asthma subphenotypes. We found that TNFα blockade restores the therapeutic effects of GCs in the GC-insensitive model. An adoptive transfer indicated that the TNFα-induced GC insensitivity occurs in the non-myeloid compartment. Early during airway hyperinflammation, mice are GC insensitive specifically at the level of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (Tslp) transcriptional repression, and this insensitivity is reverted when TNFα is neutralized. Interestingly, TSLP knockout mice displayed increased inflammation in the GC-insensitive model, suggesting a limited therapeutic application of TSLP-neutralizing antibodies in subsets of patients suffering from Th2-mediated asthma. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TNFα reduces the responsiveness to GCs in a mouse model of neutrophilic airway inflammation. Thus antagonizing TNFα may offer a new strategy for therapeutic intervention in GC-resistant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dejager
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Dendoncker
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Eggermont
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Souffriau
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Van Hauwermeiren
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Willart
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Van Wonterghem
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Naessens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Ballegeer
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Vandevyver
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Hammad
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Lambrecht
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K De Bosscher
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Cytokine Receptor Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Grooten
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Bhushan B, Homma T, Norton JE, Sha Q, Siebert J, Gupta DS, Schroeder JW, Schleimer RP. Suppression of epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 activation by extracts of Aspergillus fumigatus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:87-95. [PMID: 25474274 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0333oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) is often pathogenic in immune-deficient individuals and can cause life-threatening infections such as invasive aspergillosis. The pulmonary epithelial response to AF infection and the signaling pathways associated with it have not been completely studied. BEAS-2B cells or primary human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to extracts of AF and challenged with IFN-β or the Toll-like receptor 3 agonist double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Cytokine release (B-cell activating factor of the TNF family [BAFF], IFN-γ-induced protein-10 [IP-10], etc.) was assessed. AF extract was separated into low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) fractions using ultra 4 centrifugal force filters to characterize the activity. Real-time PCR was performed with a TaqMan method, and protein estimation was performed using ELISA techniques. Western blot was performed to assess phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). IFN-β and dsRNA induced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of BAFF (350- and 452-fold, respectively [n = 3]) and IP-10 (1,081- and 3,044-fold, respectively [n = 3]) in BEAS-2B cells. When cells were pretreated with AF extract for 1 hour and then stimulated with IFN-β or dsRNA for 6 hours, induction of BAFF and IP-10 mRNA was strongly suppressed relative to levels produced by IFN-β and dsRNA alone. When compared with control, soluble BAFF and IP-10 protein levels were maximally suppressed in dsRNA-stimulated wells treated with 1:320 wt/vol AF extract (P < 0.005). Upon molecular size fractionation, a LMW fraction of AF extract had no measurable suppressive effect on IP-10 mRNA expression. However, a HMW fraction of the AF extract significantly suppressed IP-10 expression in BEAS-2B cells that were stimulated with dsRNA or IFN-β. When BEAS-2B cells were pretreated with AF extract and then stimulated with IFN-β, reduced levels of pSTAT1 were observed, with maximum suppression at 4 and 6 hours. Our results show that AF extracts suppressed expression of inflammatory cytokines in association with inhibition of the IFN-β signaling pathway and suppression of the formation of pSTAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tetsuya Homma
- 2 Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James E Norton
- 2 Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Quan Sha
- 4 Allergy and Immunology Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Jason Siebert
- 5 Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Dave S Gupta
- 6 Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - James W Schroeder
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- 2 Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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McDougall CM, Helms PJ, Walsh GM. Airway epithelial cytokine responses in childhood wheeze are independent of atopic status. Respir Med 2015; 109:689-700. [PMID: 25912933 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelial cells (AEC) are key contributors to immune function in the lungs but little is known about their role and function in children. OBJECTIVES Having previously established that nasal AEC mediator release correlates with that of bronchial AEC, we assessed AEC responses in children with and without a history of wheeze. METHODS Nasal AEC cultures were established from children (0.6-14.9 years) undergoing elective surgical procedures under general anaesthetic categorised as atopic asthmatic (n = 12), virus-induced wheeze (n = 8) or children without wheeze (n = 32). Mediator release by AEC monolayers at passage 2 was determined by cytometric bead array assay or ELISA. RESULTS Unstimulated AEC from children with a history of wheeze produced significantly less IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1 and G-CSF than AEC from healthy controls. There were no group differences in AEC release of VEGF, RANTES, MMP-9 or TIMP-1. After stimulation with the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα, AEC from children with current wheeze produced significantly less IL-8, IL-6 and MCP-1 than children without wheeze. Release of G-CSF, VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 did not differ between the wheeze and control group. There were no differences in mediator release between subjects with atopic asthma and those with virus-induced wheeze or between atopic and non-atopic controls. On multivariate analysis, wheeze was the only significant predictor of AEC mediator release. CONCLUSION & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intrinsic differences in AEC from children with a history of wheeze may reflect a defect in cytokine production in vivo or an altered state of differentiation in vitro, independent of atopic status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J Helms
- Department of Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Garry M Walsh
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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