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Schmitz D, Klug MG, Schwartz GG. Short Communication: Radon testing via a state tobacco quitline. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102738. [PMID: 38689887 PMCID: PMC11059320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Exposure to radon gas at home is the second largest cause of lung cancer after smoking and dramatically increases smokers' risk of lung cancer. State tobacco quitlines are uniquely positioned to inform smokers about radon, yet, to our knowledge, none does so. We explored the feasibility of introducing free radon tests via the tobacco quitline in North Dakota, a state with one of the highest radon levels in the U.S. Methods Five hundred consecutive callers to the ND Quits Tobacco quitline from February 2021 to February 2023 were invited to complete a brief radon questionnaire and receive a free radon test kit. Radon tests were bar-coded so that the return rate of the tests and the radon levels could be determined. Results Two hundred fifty-one (51 %) callers completed the questionnaire and seventy-five radon tests were successfully returned to the laboratory. More than one third of the test results were ≥ 4.0 pCi/L, the action level recommended by the EPA. Only 1 in 5 participants reported knowing that radon caused lung cancer. Conclusion Radon knowledge among ND smokers is poor. Radon test distribution via quitlines is feasible and may be a valuable addition to quitline services, particularly in states with high radon levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schmitz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Marilyn G. Klug
- Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Gary G. Schwartz
- Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
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Pan Y, Ballard A, Cho B. Sex and Racial/Ethnic Patterns of Tobacco Product Use Among Students at a U.S. University in 2021-2023. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1249-1255. [PMID: 38532555 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2330919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Although the prevalence of conventional tobacco product use among U.S. college students has declined, an increasing number of students use various novel tobacco products. Objectives: This study aims to examine up-to-date sex and racial/ethnic patterns of tobacco use among students at a U.S. university in 2021-2023. Methods: Data of 2,732 students at an urban university in the Southeast of the U.S. were collected in 2021-2023 as part of the National College Health Assessment of the American College Health Association. Self-reported past 3-month use of five tobacco products (cigarette, electronic vapor products, water pipe/hookah, smokeless tobacco, and cigars) was dichotomized. We conducted multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine sex (male or female) and racial/ethnic (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or non-Hispanic Other) differences in single and dual/poly (con-current use of two or more tobacco products) tobacco use compared to nonuse, adjusting for age, student status, parent education level, obese status, psychological distress level, and survey year. Results: Male students had higher odds of being dual/poly tobacco user than female students, adjusting for covariates (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 2.82). Non-Hispanic Black students had lower odds of being single (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.69) and dual/poly (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.37) tobacco user compared to non-Hispanic White students, adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: Considering higher health risk of con-current use of multiple tobacco products, dual/poly tobacco use prevention strategies targeting male and non-Hispanic White students may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Pan
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Ballard
- Department of Recreation and Wellness, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Beomyoung Cho
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Zuhal SH, Kimura T, Tamakoshi A. Association of the age at smoking initiation and cessation on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2023; 85:691-712. [PMID: 38155620 PMCID: PMC10751493 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.85.4.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
We estimated the association between the age at smoking initiation and cessation and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Japanese men (n = 41,711; age 40-79 years) by analyzing data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for the Evaluation of Cancer Risks. From 1988 and 1990 to 2009, 13,429 all-cause deaths (cancers, n = 4999; cardiovascular diseases, n = 3682) occurred in this cohort. Fitted Cox proportional hazard models, with never smokers as the reference group, were created. Former smokers demonstrated a lower risk for all-cause and cause-specific mortality than current smokers, with a dose-dependent reduction in the risk based on smoking-initiation age. Among former smokers who quit smoking aged 50 years or more, the highest hazard ratios were detected for those who started smoking at <20 years of age (all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality, hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.51 [1.29-1.77], 1.68 [1.27-2.23], and 1.48 [1.12-1.96], respectively). Former smokers who quit smoking at <50 years of age had negligible all-cause or cardiovascular disease mortality regardless of the smoking-initiation age, whereas the cancer mortality risk remained significantly high among those who quit smoking at 40-49 years of age. Thus, smoking cessation significantly reduces the all-cause mortality risk; however, early initiation and later cessation do not provide a huge benefit, which earlier cessation does. Therefore, all smokers should be encouraged to quit smoking earlier in life regardless of their age at smoking initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Haares Zuhal
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Felsinger R, Kunze U, Groman E. Gender differences in lung cancer epidemiology - do Austrian male lung cancer patients still die earlier in life? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1099165. [PMID: 37181703 PMCID: PMC10167001 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1099165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous analyses reported an unexpected decline of mean age of death of Austrian male lung cancer patients until 1996 and a subsequent turnaround of this epidemiological trend after the mid-1990s until 2007. In light of ongoing changes in smoking behavior of men and women, this study aims to investigate the development of mean age of death from lung cancer in Austria during the past three decades. Materials and methods This study used data about the annual mean age of death from lung cancer, including malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung, between 1992 and 2021 obtained from Statistics Austria, Federal Institution under Public Law. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples t-tests were applied to explore any significant differences of mean values in the course of time as well as between men and women. Results Overall, mean age of death of male lung cancer patients increased consistently throughout the observed time periods, whereas women did not show any statistically significant change in the last decades. Conclusion Possible reasons for the reported epidemiological development are discussed in this article. Research and Public Health measures should increasingly focus on smoking behaviors of female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felsinger
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Huang L, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Kuang M, Luo Y, Zhang L. Status and correlates of children's exposure to secondhand smoke at home: A survey in Chongqing, China. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:38. [PMID: 36923486 PMCID: PMC10009880 DOI: 10.18332/tid/159802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The home is the primary source of children's exposure to secondhand smoke. This study investigated the status and influencing factors of child exposure to secondhand smoke at home when people smoke in the household. METHODS Participants with at least one child living in their household from 10 communities in Chongqing were recruited and provided a self-administered questionnaire using a multistage proportional random sampling design from June to August 2021. The chi-squared test and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify influencing factors. RESULTS The questionnaire completed by 1345 families showed that 631 (46.9%) families lived with smokers in their household, and 509 (80.7%) of those families reported that smoking occurred within the home while the children were present. Binary logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the time between waking up and household smokers having the first cigarette of the day (OR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.22-0.85), changes to smoking habits and behaviors within the last six months (OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.06-2.90), attitudes towards tobacco control in the household (OR=2.91; 95% CI: 1.72-4.92), self-efficacy in maintaining a smoke-free home (OR=2.27; 95% CI: 1.36-3.79), having rules to maintain a smoke-free home (OR=3.25; 95% CI: 1.68-6.29), and the status of providing cigarettes to guests at home (OR=11.0; 95% CI: 1.33-90.8) were associated with exposure to SHS. CONCLUSIONS Education focusing on the impact of smoking on children's health should be encouraged. Smoke-free homes should be established, and smoking restrictions in the household should be enacted. Therefore, information about the available tobacco-control services should be given to family members and be used properly. It is an effective way to decrease the risk of at-home exposure to SHS for children, to overcome any obstacles in tobacco control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxian Huang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The First Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Health Center of Bafu Town, Bafu Town, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, Healthcare Center, Jinlong Town, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Nursing Department, Shiqiaopu Street Healthcare Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Kuang
- Nursing Department, Township Hospital, Jinfeng Town, People's Republic of China
| | - Yetao Luo
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Q, Gümüş ZH, Colarossi C, Memeo L, Wang X, Kong CY, Boffetta P. SCLC: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Genetic Susceptibility, Molecular Pathology, Screening, and Early Detection. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:31-46. [PMID: 36243387 PMCID: PMC10797993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We review research regarding the epidemiology, risk factors, genetic susceptibility, molecular pathology, and early detection of SCLC, a deadly tumor that accounts for 14% of lung cancers. We first summarize the changing incidences of SCLC globally and in the United States among males and females. We then review the established risk factor (i.e., tobacco smoking) and suspected nonsmoking-related risk factors for SCLC, and emphasize the importance of continued effort in tobacco control worldwide. Review of genetic susceptibility and molecular pathology suggests different molecular pathways in SCLC development compared with other types of lung cancer. Last, we comment on the limited utility of low-dose computed tomography screening in SCLC and on several promising blood-based molecular biomarkers as potential tools in SCLC early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Catania, Italy
| | - Xintong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Chung Yin Kong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Mohamed Abdelaal AA, Mohamed Mousa GS. Impact of Cigarettes Smoking on Undergraduates' Lung Health and Functional Performance: Observational Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:59. [PMID: 35706880 PMCID: PMC9188872 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_308_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarettes Smoking is a major social and global health problem. Cigarette smoking continues to be a major contributor to deteriorated health status across different age categories. Clarifying the impact of the cigarette smoking on young adults' lungs health and functional aspects can serve eliminating further deterioration in health status and establishing proper management regimens. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cigarette smoking on lung health (age and functions) and functional performance in the university smoker students. Methods One hundred and Thirty eligible volunteer, current smoker students participated in this study to objectively evaluate their pulmonary functions (including forced vital capacity "FVC", forced expiratory volume in one second "FEV1", FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate "PEFr"), lung age and functional performance (via the 6-minutes' walk test "6MWT") and compare "the observed" with "the predicted normal" mean values. Data were analyzed via SPSS program using the student t-test. Results There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the "observed" and the "predicted normal" FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFr, lung age, and the 6MWT mean values. The "observed" and the "predicted normal" FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFr, lung age and the 6MWT mean values were [(4.47 ± 0.53, 4.77 ± 0.5 liter), (3.95 ± 0.42, 4.08 ± 0.4 liter), (88.74 ± 7.17, 85.59 ± 4.91%), (550.75 ± 114.96, 572.72 ± 53.02 liter/minute), (32.77 ± 9.44, 21.55 ± 1.37 year), (387.06 ± 56.47, 466.82 ± 18.45 meter)], respectively. Conclusions Cigarette smoking negatively impacts the lung age, functions, and functional performance of the university smoker students; the concept that can be used to encourage prevention and early smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abdelaal Mohamed Abdelaal
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ashraf Abdelaal Mohamed Abdelaal, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, 7 Ahmed Elzaiat St. Ben Elsaryat, EI Dokki-Giza Postal Code: 12612, Egypt. E-mail:
| | - Gihan Samir Mohamed Mousa
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
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Thomas S, Carroll JC, Brown MC, Chen Z, Mirshams M, Patel D, Boyd K, Pierre A, Goldstein DP, Giuliani ME, Xu W, Eng L, Khodayari Moez E, Liu G, Hung RJ. Nicotine dependence as a risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers: A mediation analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237723. [PMID: 32857771 PMCID: PMC7454981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated nicotine dependence as an independent risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers, including lung and head and neck cancers (HNC). The study aimed to isolate the direct effect of nicotine dependence, independent of tobacco smoking. METHODS A case-control study with a total of 4957 participants was conducted in Ontario, Canada, of which 2964 categorized as either current or former smokers were used in the analysis. Nicotine dependence of ever-smokers (2360 UADT cases and 604 controls) was measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Using mediation analyses and adjusted logistic regression models, we decomposed the direct effect of nicotine dependence and the mediated effect of smoking duration to quantify the risks of lung and HNC. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cancer subtypes were assessed. RESULTS Most individual nicotine dependence behaviours showed positive associations with lung cancer with approximately 1.8 to 3.5-fold risk increase, and to lesser extent with 1.4 to 2.3-fold risk for HNC. Nicotine dependence is partially accountable for increased risks of lung cancer (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.13-1.28) and HNC (1.12, 95%CI = 1.04-1.19). Nicotine dependence had a greater effect on the risk of HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 3.06, 95%CI = 1.65-5.66) in comparison to HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.67-1.65). The direct effects of nicotine dependence remained significant after accounting for cumulative tobacco exposures. CONCLUSION Nicotine dependence increases the risks of lung and HNC cancers after accounting for tobacco smoking, suggesting potential toxic effects of nicotine. These results are informative for the safety consideration of nicotine exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Thomas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - June C. Carroll
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health System; Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Catherine Brown
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhou Chen
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Mirshams
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Devalben Patel
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Boyd
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Pierre
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David P. Goldstein
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meredith E. Giuliani
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawson Eng
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elham Khodayari Moez
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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McCrory C, Henretta JC, O'Connell MDL, Kenny RA. Intergenerational Occupational Mobility and Objective Physical Functioning in Midlife and Older Ages. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 73:279-291. [PMID: 26450959 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigates the relationship between intergenerational occupational mobility and objective physical functioning in later life. Method Data come from The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TILDA), a nationally representative probability sample of 5,985 respondents aged 50 and older. Walking speed and grip strength are the functional health measures. The intergenerational occupational mobility measure characterizes origin and destination position as: professional/managerial, non-manual, skilled manual/semi-skilled, unskilled, never worked, and farmer. Results Results indicated no direct association of childhood origin with walking speed or grip strength in later life, except for individuals from farming backgrounds. Those who experienced upward mobility were comparable in speed and strength with those who enjoyed high status (e.g., stable professional/managerial origin and destination) at both time points, whereas the downwardly mobile were comparable with those who were stable across generations at lower occupational positions. The results did not support the central tenets of the accumulation hypothesis. Respondents from farming backgrounds exhibited a clear performance advantage irrespective of destination, which, we speculate, may represent a critical period effect. Discussion The mechanisms through which childhood origin affects health in later life are complex, but the position attained in adult life is most important. Intergenerational mobility is important only insofar as it leads to a destination occupation. The present findings suggest that the musculoskeletal system may accommodate environmental modification in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal McCrory
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Department of Medical Gerontology, Lincoln Gate, Trinity College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - John C Henretta
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Matthew D L O'Connell
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Department of Medical Gerontology, Lincoln Gate, Trinity College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Department of Medical Gerontology, Lincoln Gate, Trinity College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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Prince C, Hammerton G, Taylor AE, Anderson EL, Timpson NJ, Davey Smith G, Munafò MR, Relton CL, Richmond RC. Investigating the impact of cigarette smoking behaviours on DNA methylation patterns in adolescence. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:155-165. [PMID: 30215712 PMCID: PMC6298233 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking usually begins in adolescence, and early onset of smoking has been linked to increased risk of later life disease. There is a need to better understand the biological impact of cigarette smoking behaviours in adolescence. DNA methylation profiles related to smoking behaviours and cessation in adulthood have been previously identified, but alterations arising from smoking initiation have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to investigate DNA methylation in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in relation to (1) different smoking measures, (2) time since smoking initiation and frequency of smoke exposure and (3) latent classes of smoking behaviour. Using 2620 CpG sites previously associated with cigarette smoking, we investigated DNA methylation change in relation to own smoking measures, smoke exposure duration and frequency, and using longitudinal latent class analysis of different smoking behaviour patterns in 968 adolescents. Eleven CpG sites located in seven gene regions were differentially methylated in relation to smoking in adolescence. While only AHRR (cg05575921) showed a robust pattern of methylation in relation to weekly smoking, several CpGs showed differences in methylation among individuals who had tried smoking compared with non-smokers. In relation to smoke exposure duration and frequency, cg05575921 showed a strong dose-response relationship, while there was evidence for more immediate methylation change at other sites. Our findings illustrate the impact of cigarette smoking behaviours on DNA methylation at some smoking-responsive CpG sites, even among individuals with a short smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy E Taylor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Tobacco and Alcohol Research Group, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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11
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Choi SH, Stommel M. Impact of Age at Smoking Initiation on Smoking-Related Morbidity and All-Cause Mortality. Am J Prev Med 2017; 53:33-41. [PMID: 28169018 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, the aims of this study were to examine the impact of early smoking initiation on the development of self-reported smoking-related morbidity and all-cause mortality. METHODS National Health Interview Survey data from 1997 through 2005 were linked to the National Death Index with follow-up to December 31, 2011. Two primary dependent variables were smoking-related morbidity and all-cause mortality; the primary independent variable was age of smoking initiation. The analyses included U.S. population of current and former smokers aged ≥30 years (N=90,278; population estimate, 73.4 million). The analysis relied on fitting logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Among the U.S. population of smokers, 7.3% started smoking before age 13 years, 11.0% at ages 13-14 years, 24.2% at ages 15-16 years, 24.5% at ages 17-18 years, 14.5% at ages 19-20 years, and 18.5% at ages ≥21 years. Early smoking initiation before age 13 years was associated with increased risks for cardiovascular/metabolic (OR=1.67) and pulmonary (OR=1.79) diseases as well as smoking-related cancers (OR=2.1) among current smokers; the risks among former smokers were cardiovascular/metabolic (OR=1.38); pulmonary (OR=1.89); and cancers (OR=1.44). Elevated mortality was also related to early smoking initiation among both current (hazard ratio, 1.18) and former smokers (hazard ratio, 1.19). CONCLUSIONS Early smoking initiation increases risks of experiencing smoking-related morbidities and all-cause mortality. These risks are independent of demographic characteristics, SES, health behaviors, and subsequent smoking intensity. Comprehensive tobacco control programs should be implemented to prevent smoking initiation and promote cessation among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
| | - Manfred Stommel
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Effect of smoking on survival from non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective Veterans' Affairs Central Cancer Registry (VACCR) cohort analysis. Med Oncol 2014; 32:339. [PMID: 25429831 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although a well-established risk factor for lung cancer, the impact of smoking on the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well known. We performed a retrospective analysis of the Veteran's Affairs Comprehensive Cancer Registry of NSCLC patients. Smoking status was categorized as never smoker, past smoker and current smoker based on self-reported history. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of smoking on overall survival (OS) from NSCLC. The study population (n = 61,440) comprised predominantly of males (98 %) and Caucasians (81 %). The median age at diagnosis was 68 years (range 22-108 years). Current smokers were diagnosed with NSCLC at a younger age (65 years) compared to never smokers (71 years) and past smokers (72 years) (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, current smokers (n = 34,613) [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.059; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.012-1.108], but not past smokers (n = 23,864) (HR 1.008; 95 % CI 0.962-1.056), had worse OS for Stage III and IV NSCLC, compared to never smokers (n = 2,963). Smoking status was not prognostic in stages I and II NSCLC. Current smokers were diagnosed with NSCLC at a younger age than never smokers. Although current smoking was associated with worse prognosis, especially in stages III and IV, the impact of smoking status on OS was modest.
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Smoking behavior and lung cancer in a biracial cohort: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Am J Prev Med 2014; 46:624-32. [PMID: 24842739 PMCID: PMC4030495 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the U.S., the incidence of lung cancer varies by race, with rates being highest among black men. There are marked differences in smoking behavior between blacks and whites, but little is known regarding how these differences contribute to the racial disparities in lung cancer. PURPOSE To compare the lung cancer risk associated with smoking in 14,610 blacks and whites in the prospective cohort Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. METHODS Smoking characteristics were ascertained at baseline and three follow-up visits in 1990-1992, 1993-1995, and 1996-1998 (response rates were 93%, 86%, and 80%, respectively), as well as from annual telephone interviews. Data were analyzed in the fall of 2012. Multivariable-adjusted proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for lung cancer. RESULTS Over 20 years of follow-up (1987-2006), 470 incident cases of lung cancer occurred. Lung cancer incident rates were highest in black men and lowest in black women. However, there was no evidence to support racial differences in the associations of smoking status, intensity, or age at initiation with lung cancer risk (all p(interaction)≥0.25). The hazard ratio for those who started smoking at age ≤12 versus >22 years was 3.03 (95% CI=1.62, 5.67). Prolonged smoking cessation (≥10 years) was associated with a decrease in lung cancer risk, with equivalent benefits in whites and blacks, 84% and 74%, respectively (p(interaction)=0.25). CONCLUSIONS Smoking confers similar lung cancer risk in blacks and whites.
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