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Dinu AR, Rogobete AF, Bratu T, Popovici SE, Bedreag OH, Papurica M, Bratu LM, Sandesc D. Cannabis Sativa Revisited-Crosstalk between microRNA Expression, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endocannabinoid Response System in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis. Cells 2020; 9:E307. [PMID: 32012914 PMCID: PMC7072707 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients with sepsis require a multidisciplinary approach, as this situation implies multiorgan distress, with most of the bodily biochemical and cellular systems being affected by the condition. Moreover, sepsis is characterized by a multitude of biochemical interactions and by dynamic changes of the immune system. At the moment, there is a gap in our understanding of the cellular, genetic, and molecular mechanisms involved in sepsis. One of the systems intensely studied in recent years is the endocannabinoid signaling pathway, as light was shed over a series of important interactions of cannabinoid receptors with biochemical pathways, specifically for sepsis. Furthermore, a series of important implications on inflammation and the immune system that are induced by the activity of cannabinoid receptors stimulated by the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have been noticed. One of the most important is their ability to reduce the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators and the modulation of immune mechanisms. Different studies have reported that cannabinoids can reduce oxidative stress at mitochondrial and cellular levels. The aim of this review paper was to present, in detail, the important mechanisms modulated by the endocannabinoid signaling pathway, as well as of the molecular and cellular links it has with sepsis. At the same time, we wish to present the possible implications of cannabinoids in the most important biological pathways involved in sepsis, such as inflammation, redox activity, immune system, and epigenetic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Raluca Dinu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.R.D.); (A.F.R.); (S.E.P.); (M.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Alexandru Florin Rogobete
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.R.D.); (A.F.R.); (S.E.P.); (M.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.S.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 325100 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Bratu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.R.D.); (A.F.R.); (S.E.P.); (M.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Sonia Elena Popovici
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.R.D.); (A.F.R.); (S.E.P.); (M.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.S.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 325100 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Horea Bedreag
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.R.D.); (A.F.R.); (S.E.P.); (M.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.S.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 325100 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Papurica
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.R.D.); (A.F.R.); (S.E.P.); (M.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.S.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 325100 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Melania Bratu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.R.D.); (A.F.R.); (S.E.P.); (M.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Dorel Sandesc
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.R.D.); (A.F.R.); (S.E.P.); (M.P.); (L.M.B.); (D.S.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 325100 Timisoara, Romania
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Joondan N, Laulloo SJ, Caumul P, Kharkar PS. Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anticancer Activities of L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine Ester Surfactants: In Vitro and In Silico Studies of their Interactions with Macromolecules as Plausible Mode of Action for their Biological Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180829125309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Aromatic amino acid-based surfactants have been found to have interesting
biological properties such as antibacterial and hemolytic activities. Recently, we have reported the antibacterial
activity of a range of ester hydrochloride surfactants derived from L-Phenylalanine and LTyrosine.
This study aims at assessing the antioxidant, α-glycosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities
of a series of L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine ester hydrochlorides. Molecular docking and BSA binding
studies were also carried out in order to investigate their potential therapeutic targets.
Methods:
L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine surfactants were tested as potential lipophilic antioxidants
using the DPPH and ABTS assays. These surfactants were also tested for their α-glycosidase inhibitory
activity using 4-nitrophenyl α -D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate. Their cytotoxicity effects were
screened using HeLa and KB cell lines. Glide version 5.7 as implemented in Schrödinger suite 2013-1,
was used for performing docking studies of L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine dodecyl esters. The interaction
of the ester hydrochlorides of L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine with bovine serum albumin (BSA)
was investigated using fluorometric titration.
Results:
The presence of the phenolic moiety in L-Tyrosine-based surfactants was found to enhance the
antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities compared to the L-Phenylalanine derivatives. The α-
glucosidase and anticancer activities of the phenylalanine surfactants were found to increase with chain
length up to C12 above which the activities exhibited a downward trend. In the case of the tyrosine series,
an increase in chain length from C8 to C14 was found to decrease the α-glucosidase inhibitory
activity and increase the anticancer activity of the surfactants. Binding studies with bovine serum albumin
showed that the tyrosine surfactants displayed greater affinity for the serum albumin, owing to the
presence of the phenolic group which altered the orientation of the surfactant molecule within the hydrophobic
core of BSA.
Conclusion:
L-Tyrosine esters having a phenolic moiety were found to possess enhanced biological
activity in terms of both the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities as well as also bind more strongly to
Bovine serum albumin. Molecular docking studies of the phenylalanine and tyrosine surfactants of similar
chain length with target proteins showed direct correlation with their anticancer and antidiabetic
activity. Therefore, the findings show that these aromatic based surfactants derived from L-Tyrosine can
act as promising antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer agents, and they can also be efficiently transported
and eliminated in the body, making them useful candidates for drug designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Joondan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Sabina J. Laulloo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Prakashanand Caumul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Prashant S. Kharkar
- SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
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