Examination of the ovarian reserve after generation of unilateral rudimentary uterine horns in rats

Evaluation of the relationship between ovarian reserve with congenital anomalies and intramural uterine leiomyoma among infertile women: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Ovarian reserve is a crucial indicator of a woman's fertility potential, which is determined by the quality and quantity of antral follicles and oocytes. However, certain factors such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, myoma, and the natural process of aging can lead to a poor ovarian response to stimulation, reducing a woman's chances of conceiving.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of uterus congenital anomalies and uterine leiomyoma are associated on ovarian reserve.

METHODS

The present cross-sectional study was performed on 321 infertile women in three groups consisted of 97 infertile women with intramural uterine leiomyoma and 81 infertile women with uterine anomalies and 143 infertile women without uterine anomalies and uterine leiomyoma during 2017-2019 in Royan Center. Sampling method was continuous and available. Data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire which was in two parts of individual variables and the second part was related to ultrasound results (number of antral follicles and ovarian volume) and laboratory tests (Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)). Ovarian reserve parameters were measured in three groups on the third day of the cycle in both groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21. Quantitative variables were analyzed using t-test, qualitative variables were analyzed using chi-square test.

RESULTS

The results of in laboratory parameters showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in FSH (2.35 ± 1.55, 2.07 ± 1.81, 2.31 ± 1.93) and AMH (6.84 ± 2.75,7.52 ± 3.14,6.93 ± 3.04), respectively (P > 0.05). The results of sonographic variables also showed that the variables include number of antral follicles in right ovarian, number of antral follicles in left ovarian have statistically significant between the three groups (5.73 ± 2.69,4.84 ± 3.14,6.66 ± 3.13), respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study showed that uterine abnormalities and uterine leiomyoma with different mechanisms such as reduce of antral follicle numbers and the effect on uterine and ovarian blood flow lead to a decrease in ovarian reserve and infertility. Therefore, treatment and surgery can reduce these effects and improve the fertility of the affected women.

Comparative study on induction and effects of surgical menopause in a female rat model: a prospective case control study

OBJECTIVE

To compare induced surgical menopause in rat models following hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy, versus control. Secondary objective was evaluation of certain physiological changes in the animal following the induced menopause.

DESIGN

A prospective case control study.

SETTING

University Research Centre.

METHODOLOGY

80 female rats were divided into four groups (n=20). HG: hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, UOG: unilateral oophorectomy, BOG: bilateral oophorectomy and CG: control rats. Blood tests were done at day 0, one week and one month post-procedure for hormonal profile including FSH and E2, and lipid profile including cholesterol, LDL and HDL. Behavioral tests (Learning and memory tests) were also done.

RESULTS

Menopause was successfully induced by the three used surgical methods. After one week, no significant difference in FSH level between CG and HG. But its level was significantly increased in BOG and UOG. E2 level was significantly decreased in HG, UOG and BOG in comparison to CG. Its level in BOG was significantly lower than that of UOG and HG. Cholesterol level was significantly higher in HG, UOG and BOG in comparison to CG, also its level was significantly increased in UOG and BOG in comparison to HG (P<0.001). Long term memory was affected in BOG and UOG, one week and one month post-menopausal induction in comparison to the control.

CONCLUSION

surgical menopause, induced by hysterectomy alone, unilateral, or bilateral oophorectomy has a negative impact on reproductive hormonal function, as well as cognitive & cardiovascular integrity. We suggest a possibility of early ovarian failure after hysterectomy alone or with unilateral oophorectomy.