The contribution of particle swarm optimization to three-dimensional slope stability analysis

Slope Stability Classification under Seismic Conditions Using Several Tree-Based Intelligent Techniques

Slope stability analysis allows engineers to pinpoint risky areas, study trigger mechanisms for slope failures, and design slopes with optimal safety and reliability. Before the widespread usage of computers, slope stability analysis was conducted through semi analytical methods, or stability charts. Presently, engineers have developed many computational tools to perform slope stability analysis more efficiently. The challenge associated with furthering slope stability methods is to create a reliable design solution to perform reliable estimations involving a number of geometric and mechanical variables. The objective of this study was to investigate the application of tree-based models, including decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and AdaBoost, in slope stability classification under seismic loading conditions. The input variables used in the modelling were slope height, slope inclination, cohesion, friction angle, and peak ground acceleration to classify safe slopes and unsafe slopes. The training data for the developed computational intelligence models resulted from a series of slope stability analyses performed using a standard geotechnical engineering software commonly used in geotechnical engineering practice. Upon construction of the tree-based models, the model assessment was performed through the use and calculation of accuracy, F1-score, recall, and precision indices. All tree-based models could efficiently classify the slope stability status, with the AdaBoost model providing the highest performance for the classification of slope stability for both model development and model assessment parts. The proposed AdaBoost model can be used as a screening tool during the stage of feasibility studies of related infrastructure projects, to classify slopes according to their expected status of stability under seismic loading conditions.