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Luo Y, Yin Z, Zhang J, Wang W, Huang Y, Li X, Chen H, Lu F, Bao J. Differential Impact of 0.01% and 0.05% Atropine Eyedrops on Ocular Surface in Young Adults. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:22. [PMID: 38625083 PMCID: PMC11033597 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of low-concentration (0.01% and 0.05%) atropine eyedrops on ocular surface characteristics in young adults. Methods Twenty-six myopic students aged 18 to 30 years were randomly assigned to receive either 0.01% or 0.05% atropine once nightly for 14 days, followed by cessation, with a ≥14-day interval between each administration. Assessments were conducted one, two, seven, and 14 days after using atropine with corresponding timepoints after atropine cessation. Tear meniscus height and first and average noninvasive keratograph tear film breakup time (NIKBUT-first, NIKBUT-average) were measured using Keratograph 5M, whereas the objective scatter index (OSI) was measured by OQAS II devices; the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score was also obtained. Results The mean OSI peaked after two days of administration of 0.05% atropine (β = 0.51, P = 0.001), accompanied by significant decreases in NIKBUT-first (β = -7.73, P < 0.001) and NIKBUT-average (β = -8.10, P < 0.001); the OSDI peaked after 14 days (β = 15.41, P < 0.001). The above parameters returned to baseline one week after atropine discontinuation (all P > 0.05). NIKBUT-first and NIKBUT-average reached their lowest points after 14 days of 0.01% atropine administration (NIKBUT-first: β = -4.46, P = 0.005; NIKBUT-average: β = -4.42, P = 0.001), but those significant changes were diminished once atropine treatment stopped. Conclusions Young adult myopes experienced a significant but temporary impact on the ocular surface with 0.05% atropine administration, whereas 0.01% atropine had a minimal effect. Translational Relevance The investigation of the ocular surface effects of different concentrations of atropine may inform evidence-based clinical decisions regarding myopia control in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziang Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijia Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Lu W, Song G, Zhang Y, Lian Y, Ma K, Lu Q, Jin Y, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Lv F, Jin W. The effect of orthokeratology lenses on optical quality and visual function in children. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1142524. [PMID: 37123367 PMCID: PMC10140410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1142524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess changes in optical quality and visual function in children after 3 months of wearing orthokeratology (OK) lenses. Methods A total of 25 myopic children aged 8-12 years were recruited and completed the follow-up study. Optical quality, visual function and corneal morphology were assessed at baseline and at follow-ups 1 and 3 months after wearing OK lenses. Optical quality parameters mainly included the modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff, objective scattering index (OSI), Strehl ratio (SR) and the predicted visual acuities (PVAs). Visual function was assessed by visual acuity, monocular contrast sensitivity function (CSF) across five spatial frequencies and the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) that was also computed as an index for overall CSF. Results The MTF cutoff and SR values both increased after 1 month of wearing the OK lenses (baseline vs. 1 month: P MTF = 0.008 and P SR = 0.049); this improvement plateaued after 3 months of lens wear (1 month vs. 3 months: P MTF = 0.626, P SR = 0.428). The corneal morphology also showed the similar change trend. The OSI showed the opposite change trend (baseline vs. 1 month: P OSI < 0.001; 1 month vs. 3 months: P OSI = 0.720). The mean CSF at 1.5 cpd decreased significantly after 1 month of wearing the lenses (baseline vs. 1 month: p = 0.001) and recovered after 3 months of lens wear (baseline vs. 3 months: p = 0.076). CSF at spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12 and 18 cpd as well as the AULCSF did not significantly differ between any two timepoints (all Ps > 0.05). Conclusion After 3 months of wearing OK lenses, the subjects exhibited a decrease in optical quality, similar to corneal morphology, whereas their visual function remained largely unchanged. Thus, the optical quality was more susceptible to OK lenses than visual function in children. The initial month of OK treatment of children is a key period to be paid close attention to deterioration of optical quality and visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Lv,
| | - Wanqing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wanqing Jin,
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He Y, Liu L, Vincent SJ. Compression Factor and Visual Performance in Adults Treated With Orthokeratology. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 47:413-419. [PMID: 33974574 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of compression factor on visual performance in orthokeratology (ortho-k). METHODS Myopic adults were fitted with ortho-k lenses with either a 0.75 diopter (D) or 1.75 D compression factor. Higher-order aberrations (HOAs), corneal topography, and responses to the National Eye Institute/Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument-42 questionnaire were measured at baseline and 6-month and 12-month follow-up along with a satisfaction questionnaire. Subjective refraction, high-contrast, and low-contrast visual acuity were measured at baseline and 1-day, 1-week, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Forty-four myopic (mean spherical equivalent refraction: -3.66±0.84 D) adults (median age 25 years) completed the 12-month follow-up. After ortho-k lens wear, levels of satisfaction of vision after waking were significantly higher than vision before sleep for both compression factors (both P<0.01). The increased compression factor (ICF) resulted in less myopia at the 1-week visit (P=0.04) and better high-contrast unaided visual acuity at the 1-day visit (P=0.03) compared with the conventional compression factor (CCF). No other significant differences were observed for the compression factor for treatment zone diameter, lens decentration, or any subjective measurements. Individual HOA terms , , , and were significantly higher in the CCF group (0.75 D) (all P<0.05). The HOA visual Strehl ratio decreased significantly after lens wear (P<0.001) but did not vary with the compression factor. CONCLUSIONS An ICF did not result in clinically significant differences in subjective refraction, visual acuity, unaided vision, or the total ocular HOA profile compared with a CCF (0.75 D) in myopic adults after long-term ortho-k lens wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao He
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science (Y.H.), West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Ophthalmology (L.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; and Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory (S.J.V.), Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Vincent SJ, Cho P, Chan KY, Fadel D, Ghorbani-Mojarrad N, González-Méijome JM, Johnson L, Kang P, Michaud L, Simard P, Jones L. CLEAR - Orthokeratology. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:240-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Xu J, Tao C, Mao X, Lu X, Bao J, Drobe B, Chen H. Blur Detection Sensitivity Increases in Children Using Orthokeratology. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:630844. [PMID: 33790734 PMCID: PMC8006440 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.630844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate changes in blur detection sensitivity in children using orthokeratology (Ortho-K) and explore the relationships between blur detection thresholds (BDTs) and aberrations and accommodative function. Methods Thirty-two children aged 8–14 years old who underwent Ortho-K treatment participated in and completed this study. Their BDTs, aberrations, and accommodative responses (ARs) were measured before and after a month of Ortho-K treatment. A two forced-choice double-staircase procedure with varying extents of blur in three images (Tumbling Es, Lena, and Street View) was used to measure the BDTs. The participants were required to judge whether the images looked blurry. The BDT of each of the images (BDT_Es, BDT_Lena, and BDT_Street) was the average value of the last three reversals. The accommodative lag was quantified by the difference between the AR and the accommodative demand (AD). Changes in the BDTs, aberrations, and accommodative lags and their relationships were analyzed. Results After a month of wearing Ortho-K lenses, the children’s BDT_Es and BDT_Lena values decreased, the aberrations increased significantly (for all, P ≤0.050), and the accommodative lag decreased to a certain extent [T(31) = 2.029, P = 0.051]. Before Ortho-K treatment, higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were related to BDT_Lena (r = 0.463, P = 0.008) and the accommodative lag was related to BDT_Es (r = −0.356, P = −0.046). After one month, no significant correlations were found between the BDTs and aberrations or accommodative lags, as well as between the variations of them (for all, P ≥ 0.069). Conclusion Ortho-K treatment increased the children’s level of blur detection sensitivity, which may have contributed to their good visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,WEIRC, Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunwen Tao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinjie Mao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,WEIRC, Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Bao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,WEIRC, Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Björn Drobe
- WEIRC, Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center, Wenzhou, China.,R&D AMERA, Essilor International, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Affiliated Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,WEIRC, Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center, Wenzhou, China
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Pérez-Corral J, Cardona G, Piñero DP, Aradilla Y, García M. Should Overnight Orthokeratology Patients Wear Their Lenses During Their Afternoon Nap? Eye Contact Lens 2021; 47:91-97. [PMID: 32701767 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in visual acuity, corneal curvature, elevation, pachymetry, and objective quality of vision of experienced orthokeratology patients using their contact lenses during a simulated 30-min afternoon nap. METHOD Twelve patients aged 30.8±8.3 years were recruited for the study, with a history of overnight orthokeratology of 27.4±23.0 months. Patients were instructed to close their eyes for 30 min while wearing their contact lenses or without lenses. Anterior corneal curvature, elevation, and corneal pachymetry were assessed with the Pentacam Scheimpflug System at 17 predefined corneal locations, and the HD Analyzer (Terrassa, Spain) was used to measure objective quality of vision. Measurements were conducted before eye closure (baseline), immediately after eye opening/lens removal (M1), and 30 min later (M2). RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found in anterior corneal curvature and elevation between baseline values and M1 or M2, with and without contact lenses. Corneal swelling at M1 was greater without contact lenses (change in central corneal thickness of 2.3%±3.1%, P=0.001) than with contact lenses (1.7%±1.3%, P<0.001). Recovery at M2 was slower when lenses were worn. A statistically significant improvement in objective quality of vision and visual acuity was found only when patients napped with their lenses. CONCLUSIONS Even if no significant changes were found in corneal curvature and elevation, patients of overnight orthokeratology may benefit from using their contact lenses during their afternoon nap in terms of objective quality of vision and visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Pérez-Corral
- Department of Optics and Optometry (J.P.-C., G.C.), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, School of Optics and Optometry, Terrassa, Spain; Department of Optics, Pharmacology, and Anatomy (D.P.P.), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain; and Department of Contact Lenses (Y.A., M.G.), Institut Català de Retina, Barcelona, Spain
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