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Prakash P, Swami Vetha BS, Chakraborty R, Wenegieme TY, Masenga SK, Muthian G, Balasubramaniam M, Wanjalla CN, Hinton AO, Kirabo A, Williams CR, Aileru A, Dash C. HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps. Circ Res 2024; 134:e150-e175. [PMID: 38781298 PMCID: PMC11126208 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of AIDS. Since the start of the epidemic, HIV/AIDS has been responsible for ≈40 million deaths. Additionally, an estimated 39 million people are currently infected with the virus. HIV-1 primarily infects immune cells, such as CD4+ (cluster of differentiation 4+) T lymphocytes (T cells), and as a consequence, the number of CD4+ T cells progressively declines in people living with HIV. Within a span of ≈10 years, HIV-1 infection leads to the systemic failure of the immune system and progression to AIDS. Fortunately, potent antiviral therapy effectively controls HIV-1 infection and prevents AIDS-related deaths. The efficacy of the current antiviral therapy regimens has transformed the outcome of HIV/AIDS from a death sentence to a chronic disease with a prolonged lifespan of people living with HIV. However, antiviral therapy is not curative, is challenged by virus resistance, can be toxic, and, most importantly, requires lifelong adherence. Furthermore, the improved lifespan has resulted in an increased incidence of non-AIDS-related morbidities in people living with HIV including cardiovascular diseases, renal disease, liver disease, bone disease, cancer, and neurological conditions. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the cardiovascular comorbidities associated with HIV-1 infection, with a particular focus on hypertension. We also discuss the potential mechanisms known to drive HIV-1-associated hypertension and the knowledge gaps in our understanding of this comorbid condition. Finally, we suggest several directions of future research to better understand the factors, pathways, and mechanisms underlying HIV-1-associated hypertension in the post-antiviral therapy era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash
- The Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
| | - Berwin Singh Swami Vetha
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Research, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, 1851 MacGregor Downs Road, MS 701, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Rajasree Chakraborty
- The Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
| | - Tara-Yesomi Wenegieme
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology; Boonshoft School of Medicine and the College of Science and Mathematics; Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Kabwe, Central Province, 10101, Zambia
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Kabwe, Central Province, 10101, Zambia
| | - Gladson Muthian
- The Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
| | - Muthukumar Balasubramaniam
- The Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
| | | | - Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Clintoria R. Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology; Boonshoft School of Medicine and the College of Science and Mathematics; Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Azeez Aileru
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Research, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, 1851 MacGregor Downs Road, MS 701, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- The Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
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Xu L, Lin L, Xie N, Chen W, Nong W, Li R. Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptors in infection and inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367734. [PMID: 38680494 PMCID: PMC11045974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that is activated by various ligands, including pollutants, microorganisms, and metabolic substances. It is expressed extensively in pulmonary and intestinal epithelial cells, where it contributes to barrier defense. The expression of AhR is pivotal in regulating the inflammatory response to microorganisms. However, dysregulated AhR expression can result in endocrine disorders, leading to immunotoxicity and potentially promoting the development of carcinoma. This review focuses on the crucial role of the AhR in facilitating and limiting the proliferation of pathogens, specifically in relation to the host cell type and the species of etiological agents involved in microbial pathogen infections. The activation of AhR is enhanced through the IDO1-AhR-IDO1 positive feedback loop, which is manipulated by viruses. AhR primarily promotes the infection of SARS-CoV-2 by inducing the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. AhR also plays a significant role in regulating various types of T-cells, including CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, in the context of pulmonary infections. The AhR pathway plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses within the respiratory and intestinal barriers when they are invaded by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Additionally, we propose that targeting the agonist and antagonist of AhR signaling pathways could serve as a promising therapeutic approach for combating pathogen infections, especially in light of the growing prevalence of drug resistance to multiple antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Luping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Weihua Nong
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Ranhui Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases and Affiliated Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, University of South China, Changsha, China
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Montes ML, Busca C, Espinosa N, Bernardino JI, Ibarra-Ugarte S, Martín-Carbonero L, Moreno C, Macias J, Rivero A, Cervero-Jiménez M, González-García J. Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors in the Era of Antiretroviral Drugs With a Low Metabolic Toxicity Profile. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae112. [PMID: 38560607 PMCID: PMC10981392 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen dramatically. Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), chronic disease (now >15 cases/1000 in the general population worldwide) and long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can alter metabolic processes early, favoring insulin resistance and T2DM. We retrospectively studied the incidence of T2DM and associated factors in the Cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network, a prospective cohort of PLHIV enrolled at diagnosis and before initiation of ART. Methods PLHIV were aged >18 years and ART naive at inclusion. The incidence of new diagnoses of T2DM after initiation of ART (per 1000 person-years) was calculated. Predictors of a diagnosis of T2DM were identified by a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for statistically significant and clinically relevant variables. Results Cumulative incidence was 5.9 (95% CI, 5.1-6.7) per 1000 person-years, increasing significantly in persons aged >50 years to 14.4 (95% CI, 10.4-19.3). Median time to diagnosis of T2DM was 27 months. Only age and higher education were significant. Interestingly, higher education was associated with a 33% reduction in the incidence of T2DM. Having received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate + (lamivudine or emtricitabine) + rilpivirine was almost significant as a protective factor (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, .24-1.01; P = .05). Conclusions The incidence of T2DM in PLHIV in Spain was high, especially in persons aged >50 years. Age was the factor most closely associated with onset, and educational level was the factor most associated with reduced risk. We highlight the lack of association between HIV-related factors and T2DM and show that, within nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, rilpivirine could prove more benign for metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Montes
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Busca
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Espinosa
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Clinical Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Bernardino
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Ibarra-Ugarte
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luz Martín-Carbonero
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Moreno
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Macias
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Juan González-García
- Unidad VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Rodriguez NR, Fortune T, Hegde E, Weinstein MP, Keane AM, Mangold JF, Swartz TH. Oxidative phosphorylation in HIV-1 infection: impacts on cellular metabolism and immune function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360342. [PMID: 38529284 PMCID: PMC10962326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) presents significant challenges to the immune system, predominantly characterized by CD4+ T cell depletion, leading to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses the viral load in people with HIV (PWH), leading to a state of chronic infection that is associated with inflammation. This review explores the complex relationship between oxidative phosphorylation, a crucial metabolic pathway for cellular energy production, and HIV-1, emphasizing the dual impact of HIV-1 infection and the metabolic and mitochondrial effects of ART. The review highlights how HIV-1 infection disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, promoting glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis to facilitate viral replication. ART can exacerbate metabolic dysregulation despite controlling viral replication, impacting mitochondrial DNA synthesis and enhancing reactive oxygen species production. These effects collectively contribute to significant changes in oxidative phosphorylation, influencing immune cell metabolism and function. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated through oxidative phosphorylation can influence the metabolic landscape of infected cells through ATP-detected purinergic signaling and contributes to immunometabolic dysfunction. Future research should focus on identifying specific targets within this pathway and exploring the role of purinergic signaling in HIV-1 pathogenesis to enhance HIV-1 treatment modalities, addressing both viral infection and its metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Talia H. Swartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Mu W, Patankar V, Kitchen S, Zhen A. Examining Chronic Inflammation, Immune Metabolism, and T Cell Dysfunction in HIV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:219. [PMID: 38399994 PMCID: PMC10893210 DOI: 10.3390/v16020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a significant challenge to global public health. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), which has transformed HIV infection from a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition, a definitive cure remains elusive. One of the key features of HIV infection is chronic immune activation and inflammation, which are strongly associated with, and predictive of, HIV disease progression, even in patients successfully treated with suppressive ART. Chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent inflammation, immune cell metabolic dysregulation, and cellular exhaustion and dysfunction. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the interplay between chronic inflammation, immune metabolism, and T cell dysfunction in HIV infection, and also discusses the use of humanized mice models to study HIV immune pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Mu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vaibhavi Patankar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott Kitchen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Zaongo SD, Harypursat V, Rashid F, Dahourou DL, Ouedraogo AS, Chen Y. Influence of HIV infection on cognition and overall intelligence in HIV-infected individuals: advances and perspectives. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1261784. [PMID: 37953826 PMCID: PMC10637382 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1261784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well understood that HIV-positive individuals, even those under effective ART, tend to develop a spectrum of cognitive, motor, and/or mood conditions which are contemporarily referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), and which is directly related to HIV-1 infection and HIV-1 replication in the central nervous system (CNS). As HAND is known to induce difficulties associated with attention, concentration, and memory, it is thus legitimate and pertinent to speculate upon the possibility that HIV infection may well influence human cognition and intelligence. We therefore propose herein to review the concept of intelligence, the concept of cells of intelligence, the influence of HIV on these particular cells, and the evidence pointing to differences in observed intelligence quotient (IQ) scores between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Additionally, cumulative research evidence continues to draw attention to the influence of the gut on human intelligence. Up to now, although it is known that HIV infection profoundly alters both the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota and the structural integrity of the gut, the influence of the gut on intelligence in the context of HIV infection remains poorly described. As such, we also provide herein a review of the different ways in which HIV may influence human intelligence via the gut-brain axis. Finally, we provide a discourse on perspectives related to HIV and human intelligence which may assist in generating more robust evidence with respect to this issue in future studies. Our aim is to provide insightful knowledge for the identification of novel areas of investigation, in order to reveal and explain some of the enigmas related to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvere D. Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Farooq Rashid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Désiré Lucien Dahourou
- Département Biomédical/Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/CNRST, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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Mataramvura H, Bunders MJ, Duri K. Human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy-mediated immune cell metabolic dysregulation in children born to HIV-infected women: potential clinical implications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182217. [PMID: 37350953 PMCID: PMC10282157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Commencing lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) immediately following HIV diagnosis (Option B+) has dramatically improved the health of HIV-infected women and their children, with the majority being of HIV-exposed children born uninfected (HEU). This success has led to an increasing population of HIV-infected women receiving ART during pregnancy and children exposed to ART in utero. Nonetheless, a small proportion of children are still infected with HIV (HEI) each year. HEI children suffer from reduced immunocompetence and host-defence, due to CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion, but also dysregulation of other immune cells including CD8+ T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages including B lymphocytes. Furthermore, although HEU children are uninfected, altered immune responses are observed and associated with increased vulnerability to infections. The mechanisms underlying immune dysregulation in HEU children remain poorly described. Building on early studies, emerging data suggests that HIV/ART exposure early in life affects cell metabolic function of HEU children. Prenatal HIV/ART exposure has been associated with dysregulation of mitochondria, including impaired DNA polymerase activity. Furthermore, dysregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) causes a decreased generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress. These altered metabolic processes can affect immune cell viability and immune responses. Recent studies have indicated that immune-metabolic dysregulation may contribute to HIV-associated pathogenesis and clinical observations associated with HIV and ART exposure in HEU/HEI children. Given the critical role metabolic processes in immune cell functioning, immune-metabolic dysregulation in HEU and HEI children may have implications in effective host-defence responses against pathogens, as well as efficacy of standard ART regimens and future novel HIV cure approaches in HEI children. At the same time, targeting metabolic pathways of immune cells may provide safer and novel approaches for HIV cure strategies. Here, we review the current literature investigating immune-metabolic dysregulation in paediatric HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Mataramvura
- Immunology Unit, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (UZ-FMHS), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Madeleine J. Bunders
- III. Medical Department, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerina Duri
- Immunology Unit, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (UZ-FMHS), Harare, Zimbabwe
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Schank M, Zhao J, Wang L, Nguyen LNT, Zhang Y, Wu XY, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Ning S, El Gazzar M, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. ROS-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in CD4 T Cells from ART-Controlled People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:1061. [PMID: 37243148 PMCID: PMC10224005 DOI: 10.3390/v15051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction in aging CD4 T cells from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-controlled people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the underlying mechanisms by which CD4 T cells develop mitochondrial dysfunction in PLWH remain unclear. In this study, we sought to elucidate the mechanism(s) of CD4 T cell mitochondrial compromise in ART-controlled PLWH. We first assessed the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and we observed significantly increased cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels in CD4 T cells from PLWH compared to healthy subjects (HS). Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in the levels of proteins responsible for antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase 1, SOD1) and ROS-mediated DNA damage repair (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, APE1) in CD4 T cells from PLWH. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of SOD1 or APE1 in CD4 T cells from HS confirmed their roles in maintaining normal mitochondrial respiration via a p53-mediated pathway. Reconstitution of SOD1 or APE1 in CD4 T cells from PLWH successfully rescued mitochondrial function as evidenced by Seahorse analysis. These results indicate that ROS induces mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to premature T cell aging via dysregulation of SOD1 and APE1 during latent HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Lam Ngoc Thao Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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The Potential of Moringa oleifera to Ameliorate HAART-Induced Pathophysiological Complications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192981. [PMID: 36230942 PMCID: PMC9563018 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) comprises a combination of two or three antiretroviral (ARV) drugs that are administered together in a single tablet. These drugs target different steps within the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) life cycle, providing either a synergistic or additive antiviral effect; this enhances the efficiency in which viral replication is suppressed. HIV cannot be completely eliminated, making HAART a lifetime treatment. With long-term HAART usage, an increasing number of patients experience a broadening array of complications, and this significantly affects their quality of life, despite cautious use. The mechanism through which ARV drugs induce toxicity is associated with metabolic complications such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. To address this, it is necessary to improve ARV drug formulation without compromising its efficacy; alternatively, safe supplementary medicine may be a suitable solution. The medicinal plant Moringa oleifera (MO) is considered one of the most important sources of novel nutritionally and pharmacologically active compounds that have been shown to prevent and treat various diseases. MO leaves are rich in polyphenols, vitamins, minerals, and tannins; studies have confirmed the therapeutic properties of MO. MO leaves provide powerful antioxidants, scavenge free radicals, promote carbohydrate metabolism, and repair DNA. MO also induces anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-proliferative, and anti-mutagenic effects. Therefore, MO can be a source of affordable and safe supplement therapy for HAART-induced toxicity. This review highlights the potential of MO leaves to protect against HAART-induced toxicity in HIV patients.
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Mutengo KH, Masenga SK, Mwesigwa N, Patel KP, Kirabo A. Hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus: A paradigm for epithelial sodium channels? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:968184. [PMID: 36093171 PMCID: PMC9452753 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.968184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for end organ damage and death and is more common in persons with HIV compared to the general population. Several mechanisms have been studied in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Current evidence suggests that the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a key role in regulating blood pressure through the transport of sodium and water across membranes in the kidney tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and water and an altered fluid balance. However, there is scarcity of information that elucidates the role of ENaC in HIV as it relates to increasing the risk for development or pathogenesis of hypertension. This review summarized the evidence to date implicating a potential role for altered ENaC activity in contributing to hypertension in patients with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katongo H. Mutengo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, HAND Research Group, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone, Zambia,School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sepiso K. Masenga
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, HAND Research Group, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone, Zambia,School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Naome Mwesigwa
- Department of Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Annet Kirabo,
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11
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The Role of Immunometabolism in HIV-1 Pathogenicity: Links to Immune Cell Responses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081813. [PMID: 36016435 PMCID: PMC9415820 DOI: 10.3390/v14081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the successful roll-out of combination antiretroviral treatment, HIV is currently managed as a chronic illness. Of note, immune activation and chronic inflammation are hallmarks of HIV-1 infection that persists even though patients are receiving treatments. Despite strong evidence linking immune activation and low-grade inflammation to HIV-1 pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms remain less well-understood. As intracellular metabolism is emerging as a crucial factor determining the fate and activity of immune cells, this review article focuses on how links between early immune responses and metabolic reprograming may contribute to HIV pathogenicity. Here, the collective data reveal that immunometabolism plays a key role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. For example, the shift from quiescent immune cells to its activation leads to perturbed metabolic circuits that are major drivers of immune cell dysfunction and an altered phenotype. These findings suggest that immunometabolic perturbations play a key role in the onset of non-AIDS-associated comorbidities and that they represent an attractive target to develop improved diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies to help blunt HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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12
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Hu S, Buser E, Arredondo J, Relyea D, Santos Rocha C, Dandekar S. Altered Expression of ACE2 and Co-receptors of SARS-CoV-2 in the Gut Mucosa of the SIV Model of HIV/AIDS. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:879152. [PMID: 35495669 PMCID: PMC9048205 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.879152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, is initiated by its binding to the ACE2 receptor and other co-receptors on mucosal epithelial cells. Variable outcomes of the infection and disease severity can be influenced by pre-existing risk factors. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the cause of AIDS, targets the gut mucosal immune system and impairs epithelial barriers and mucosal immunity. We sought to determine the impact and mechanisms of pre-existing HIV infection increasing mucosal vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease. We investigated changes in the expression of ACE2 and other SARS-CoV-2 receptors and related pathways in virally inflamed gut by using the SIV infected rhesus macaque model of HIV/AIDS. Immunohistochemical analysis showed sustained/enhanced ACE2 expression in the gut epithelium of SIV infected animals compared to uninfected controls. Gut mucosal transcriptomic analysis demonstrated enhanced expression of host factors that support SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and infection. Metabolomic analysis of gut luminal contents revealed the impact of SIV infection as demonstrated by impaired mitochondrial function and decreased immune response, which render the host more vulnerable to other pathogens. In summary, SIV infection resulted in sustained or increased ACE2 expression in an inflamed and immune-impaired gut mucosal microenvironment. Collectively, these mucosal changes increase the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity and result in ineffective viral clearance. Our study highlights the use of the SIV model of AIDS to fill the knowledge gap of the enteric mechanisms of co-infections as risk factors for poor disease outcomes, generation of new viral variants and immune escape in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elise Buser
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Juan Arredondo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dylan Relyea
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Clarissa Santos Rocha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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13
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Hallmarks of Metabolic Reprogramming and Their Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030602. [PMID: 35337009 PMCID: PMC8955778 DOI: 10.3390/v14030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and has proven to be critical in viral infections. Metabolic reprogramming provides the cell with energy and biomass for large-scale biosynthesis. Based on studies of the cellular changes that contribute to metabolic reprogramming, seven main hallmarks can be identified: (1) increased glycolysis and lactic acid, (2) increased glutaminolysis, (3) increased pentose phosphate pathway, (4) mitochondrial changes, (5) increased lipid metabolism, (6) changes in amino acid metabolism, and (7) changes in other biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways. Viruses depend on metabolic reprogramming to increase biomass to fuel viral genome replication and production of new virions. Viruses take advantage of the non-metabolic effects of metabolic reprogramming, creating an anti-apoptotic environment and evading the immune system. Other non-metabolic effects can negatively affect cellular function. Understanding the role metabolic reprogramming plays in viral pathogenesis may provide better therapeutic targets for antivirals.
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14
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Rinaldi S, Pallikkuth S, De Armas L, Richardson B, Pan L, Pahwa R, Williams S, Cameron M, Pahwa S. Distinct Molecular Signatures of Aging in Healthy and HIV-Infected Individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 89:S47-S55. [PMID: 35015745 PMCID: PMC8751284 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virally suppressed chronic HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy experience similar immune impairments as HIV-uninfected elderly. However, they manifest symptoms of premature immune aging such as suboptimal responses to vaccination at a younger age. Mechanisms underlying premature immune aging are unclear. SETTING The study site was University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. METHODS In this study, we aimed to identify molecular signatures of aging in HIV-infected (HIV) individuals compared with age-matched healthy control (HC) participants. Transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected cross-sectionally from study participants were evaluated using RNA sequencing, and genes and pathways associated with age and HIV status were identified and compared between study groups. Generalized linear modeling was used to identify transcriptional signatures associated with age. RESULTS Despite that fewer differentially expressed genes between young (<40 yrs) and old (>59 yrs) were observed in the HIV group, metabolic and innate immune activation pathways were associated with increasing age in both HIV and HC. Age was also associated with pathways involved with T-cell immune activation in HC and with interferon signaling pathways in HIV. We observed signs of precocious immune aging at the transcriptional level in HIV and defined a transcriptional perturbation associated with innate immunity and glucose metabolism induced by aging in both HC and HIV. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified distinct molecular signatures predictive of age in HIV versus HC, which suggest precocious immune aging in HIV. Overall, our results highlight the molecular pathways of immune aging in both HC and HIV that may be targeted for additional mechanistic insights or in a therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Lesley De Armas
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Rajendra Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Sion Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Mark Cameron
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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15
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Gruevska A, Moragrega ÁB, Galindo MJ, Esplugues JV, Blas-García A, Apostolova N. Down-Regulation of the Longevity-Associated Protein SIRT1 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Treated HIV Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030348. [PMID: 35159154 PMCID: PMC8834054 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase with a critical role in several biological functions, decreases with age and its deficiency is associated with many inflammatory and age-related diseases. It also regulates the chronic immune activation and viral latency during an HIV infection. The life-span and particularly the health span of HIV patients are substantially shortened; however, the participation of SIRT1 in these effects is not clear. We performed a prospective cross-sectional monocentric study that included 70 HIV-infected patients and 43 BMI-, age- and sex-matched uninfected individuals. We found that in the PBMCs of the HIV patients, SIRT1 mRNA levels were significantly lower (p < 0.0001). This decrease, which was corroborated at the protein level, occurred irrespectively of the antiretroviral regimen these patients received and was not significantly related to the general, HIV-related or comorbidity-related parameters. The levels of the major mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT3 were not altered. Moreover, the strong correlations of SIRT1 with the leukocyte markers CD8A and CD19 present in the uninfected individuals were absent in the HIV patients. In conclusion, this study showed that the PBMCs of the HIV patients displayed diminished SIRT1 levels and altered correlations of SIRT1 with markers of CD8+ T cells and B cells, findings which may be relevant for understanding the complex pathogenic milieu in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gruevska
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.); (Á.B.M.); (J.V.E.)
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ángela B. Moragrega
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.); (Á.B.M.); (J.V.E.)
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María J. Galindo
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas—Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan V. Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.); (Á.B.M.); (J.V.E.)
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Blas-García
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.); (Á.B.M.); (J.V.E.)
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-3983767; Fax: +34-96-3983879
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16
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Mikaeloff F, Svensson Akusjärvi S, Ikomey GM, Krishnan S, Sperk M, Gupta S, Magdaleno GDV, Escós A, Lyonga E, Okomo MC, Tagne CT, Babu H, Lorson CL, Végvári Á, Banerjea AC, Kele J, Hanna LE, Singh K, de Magalhães JP, Benfeitas R, Neogi U. Trans cohort metabolic reprogramming towards glutaminolysis in long-term successfully treated HIV-infection. Commun Biol 2022; 5:27. [PMID: 35017663 PMCID: PMC8752762 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), persistent low-grade immune activation together with inflammation and toxic antiretroviral drugs can lead to long-lasting metabolic flexibility and adaptation in people living with HIV (PLWH). Our study investigated alterations in the plasma metabolic profiles by comparing PLWH on long-term cART(>5 years) and matched HIV-negative controls (HC) in two cohorts from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), Cameroon, and India, respectively, to understand the system-level dysregulation in HIV-infection. Using untargeted and targeted LC-MS/MS-based metabolic profiling and applying advanced system biology methods, an altered amino acid metabolism, more specifically to glutaminolysis in PLWH than HC were reported. A significantly lower level of neurosteroids was observed in both cohorts and could potentiate neurological impairments in PLWH. Further, modulation of cellular glutaminolysis promoted increased cell death and latency reversal in pre-monocytic HIV-1 latent cell model U1, which may be essential for the clearance of the inducible reservoir in HIV-integrated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Mikaeloff
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Svensson Akusjärvi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Mondinde Ikomey
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box. 8445, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Shuba Krishnan
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maike Sperk
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soham Gupta
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Daniel Vega Magdaleno
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Escós
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Lyonga
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box. 8445, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie Claire Okomo
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box. 8445, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Claude Tayou Tagne
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hemalatha Babu
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, ICMR, Chennai, 600031, India
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akhil C Banerjea
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Julianna Kele
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neurovascular Biology and Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, ICMR, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Kamal Singh
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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17
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Valle-Millares D, Brochado-Kith Ó, Martín-Carbonero L, Domínguez-Domínguez L, Ryan P, De los Santos I, De la Fuente S, Castro JM, Lagarde M, Cuevas G, Mayoral-Muñoz M, Matarranz M, Díez V, Gómez-Sanz A, Martínez-Román P, Crespo-Bermejo C, Palladino C, Muñoz-Muñoz M, Jiménez-Sousa MA, Resino S, Briz V, Fernández-Rodríguez A, (COVIHEP) OBOMGOVCHIV. Different HCV Exposure Drives Specific miRNA Profile in PBMCs of HIV Patients. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111627. [PMID: 34829855 PMCID: PMC8615810 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are essential players in HIV and HCV infections, as both viruses modulate cellular miRNAs and interact with the miRNA-mediated host response. We aim to analyze the miRNA profile of HIV patients with different exposure to HCV to explore specific signatures in the miRNA profile of PBMCs for each type of infection. We massively sequenced small RNAs of PBMCs from 117 HIV+ infected patients: 45 HIV+ patients chronically infected with HCV (HIV/HCV+), 36 HIV+ that spontaneously clarified HCV after acute infection (HIV/HCV-) and 36 HIV+ patients without previous HCV infection (HIV). Thirty-two healthy patients were used as healthy controls (HC). Differential expression analysis showed significantly differentially expressed (SDE) miRNAs in HIV/HCV+ (n = 153), HIV/HCV- (n = 169) and HIV (n = 153) patients. We found putative dysregulated pathways, such as infectious-related and PI3K signaling pathways, common in all contrasts. Specifically, putatively targeted genes involved in antifolate resistance (HIV/HV+), cancer-related pathways (HIV/HCV-) and HIF-signaling (HIV) were identified, among others. Our findings revealed that HCV strongly influences the expression profile of PBMCs from HIV patients through the disruption of its miRNome. Thus, different HCV exposure can be identified by specific miRNA signatures in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Valle-Millares
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (Ó.B.-K.); (A.G.-S.); (P.M.-R.); (M.A.J.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Óscar Brochado-Kith
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (Ó.B.-K.); (A.G.-S.); (P.M.-R.); (M.A.J.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Luz Martín-Carbonero
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-C.); (J.M.C.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Lourdes Domínguez-Domínguez
- VIH Servicio de Medicina Interna Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.-D.); (M.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Pablo Ryan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infanta Leonor Teaching Hospital, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (G.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Ignacio De los Santos
- Internal Medicine Servicie Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara De la Fuente
- Internal Medicine Service Hospital Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Castro
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-C.); (J.M.C.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - María Lagarde
- VIH Servicio de Medicina Interna Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.-D.); (M.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Guillermo Cuevas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infanta Leonor Teaching Hospital, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (G.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Mario Mayoral-Muñoz
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-C.); (J.M.C.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Mariano Matarranz
- VIH Servicio de Medicina Interna Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.-D.); (M.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Victorino Díez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infanta Leonor Teaching Hospital, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (G.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Alicia Gómez-Sanz
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (Ó.B.-K.); (A.G.-S.); (P.M.-R.); (M.A.J.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Paula Martínez-Román
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (Ó.B.-K.); (A.G.-S.); (P.M.-R.); (M.A.J.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Celia Crespo-Bermejo
- Laboratory of Reference and Research on Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; (C.C.-B.); (V.B.)
| | - Claudia Palladino
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - María Muñoz-Muñoz
- Department of Animal Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Alimentación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María A. Jiménez-Sousa
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (Ó.B.-K.); (A.G.-S.); (P.M.-R.); (M.A.J.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (Ó.B.-K.); (A.G.-S.); (P.M.-R.); (M.A.J.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Verónica Briz
- Laboratory of Reference and Research on Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; (C.C.-B.); (V.B.)
| | - Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (Ó.B.-K.); (A.G.-S.); (P.M.-R.); (M.A.J.-S.); (S.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Avenida Universidad 1, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-918-223-892
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Frasca D, Pallikkuth S, Pahwa S. Metabolic phenotype of B cells from young and elderly HIV individuals. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:35. [PMID: 34419088 PMCID: PMC8380009 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background HIV infection induces inflammaging and chronic immune activation (IA), which are negatively associated with protective humoral immunity. Similar to HIV, aging is also associated with increased inflammaging and IA. The metabolic requirements of B cell responses in HIV infected (HIV+) individuals are not known, although metabolic abnormalities have been reported in these individuals. How these metabolic abnormalities are exacerbated by aging is also not known. Methods B cells were isolated by magnetic sorting from the blood of young and elderly HIV + individuals, as well as from the blood of age-matched healthy controls. We evaluated the composition of the B cell pool by flow cytometry, the expression of RNA for pro-inflammatory and metabolic markers by qPCR and their metabolic status using a Seahorse XFp extracellular flux analyzer. Results In this study we have evaluated for the first time the metabolic phenotype of B cells from young and elderly HIV + individuals as compared to those obtained from age-matched healthy controls. Results show that the B cell pool of HIV + individuals is enriched in pro-inflammatory B cell subsets, expresses higher levels of RNA for pro-inflammatory markers and is hyper-metabolic, as compared to healthy controls, and more in elderly versus young HIV + individuals, suggesting that this higher metabolic phenotype of B cells is needed to support B cell IA. We have identified the subset of Double Negative (DN) B cells as the subset mainly responsible for this hyper-inflammatory and hyper-metabolic profile. Conclusions Our results identify a relationship between intrinsic B cell inflammation and metabolism in HIV + individuals and suggest that metabolic pathways in B cells from HIV + individuals may be targeted to reduce inflammaging and IA and improve B cell function and antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB 3146A 1600 NW 10th Ave, FL, 33136, Miami, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB 3146A 1600 NW 10th Ave, FL, 33136, Miami, USA.
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB 3146A 1600 NW 10th Ave, FL, 33136, Miami, USA
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Kroon L, van Zyl DG, Schutte CM, Smit C, Hiesgen J. Risk Factors for Stroke in HIV-Positive and-Negative Patients in Pretoria, South Africa. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105929. [PMID: 34175577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low- to middle-income countries experience a marked rise in cardiovascular diseases, and have the highest incidence of HIV infection. Stroke data in HIV-positive patients is still scarce. This study compares risk factors and types of stroke between HIV-positive and -negative patients in South Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study at Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria over a 10-month period. All adult patients presenting with an acute stroke were included. RESULTS One hundred and forty consecutive patients with stroke were included, 23% were HIV-positive. The average age in the HIV-positive group was 41 years, compared to 61 years in the HIV-negative group (p < 0.01). Ischemic infarcts occurred in 80.7 and 19.3% were hemorrhagic, with no significant difference between the HIV-positive and -negative group (ischemic: 81% vs 80%; hemorrhagic: 19% vs 20%; p = 0.55). Small vessel infarcts occurred more frequently in HIV-positive patients (25% vs 9.3%; p < 0.02). While 78% of HIV-positive patients presented with concomitant infections, these were found in only 23% of HIV-negative patients (P < 0.001). Hypertension (81% vs 37.5%; p = 0.01) and dyslipidemia (62% vs 38%; p = 0.01) were more prevalent in the HIV-negative patients. Confounding variables were gender and age. Although more than half of the HIV-positive patients were on antiretroviral therapy, the majority (62.5%) showed virological non-suppression. CONCLUSIONS HIV infection occurred in almost one-quarter of stroke patients and was seen more in the younger age group. Small vessel ischemic infarcts and underlying infections were more common in HIV-positive patients. The high number of HIV-positive patients with virological non-suppression is concerning and needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Kroon
- Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel G van Zyl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Clara M Schutte
- Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, South Africa,.
| | - Christine Smit
- Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, South Africa,.
| | - Juliane Hiesgen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, South Africa,.
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Armstrong AJS, Quinn K, Fouquier J, Li SX, Schneider JM, Nusbacher NM, Doenges KA, Fiorillo S, Marden TJ, Higgins J, Reisdorph N, Campbell TB, Palmer BE, Lozupone CA. Systems Analysis of Gut Microbiome Influence on Metabolic Disease in HIV-Positive and High-Risk Populations. mSystems 2021; 6:e01178-20. [PMID: 34006628 PMCID: PMC8269254 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01178-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor metabolic health, characterized by insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, is higher in people living with HIV and has been linked with inflammation, antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs, and ART-associated lipodystrophy (LD). Metabolic disease is associated with gut microbiome composition outside the context of HIV but has not been deeply explored in HIV infection or in high-risk men who have sex with men (HR-MSM), who have a highly altered gut microbiome composition. Furthermore, the contribution of increased bacterial translocation and associated systemic inflammation that has been described in HIV-positive and HR-MSM individuals has not been explored. We used a multiomic approach to explore relationships between impaired metabolic health, defined using fasting blood markers, gut microbes, immune phenotypes, and diet. Our cohort included ART-treated HIV-positive MSM with or without LD, untreated HIV-positive MSM, and HR-MSM. For HIV-positive MSM on ART, we further explored associations with the plasma metabolome. We found that elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) was the most important predictor of impaired metabolic health and network analysis showed that LBP formed a hub joining correlated microbial and immune predictors of metabolic disease. Taken together, our results suggest the role of inflammatory processes linked with bacterial translocation and interaction with the gut microbiome in metabolic disease among HIV-positive and -negative MSM.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in people living with HIV (PLWH) is of interest since chronic infection often results in long-term comorbidities. Metabolic disease is prevalent in PLWH even in well-controlled infection and has been linked with the gut microbiome in previous studies, but little attention has been given to PLWH. Furthermore, integrated analyses that consider gut microbiome, together with diet, systemic immune activation, metabolites, and demographics, have been lacking. In a systems-level analysis of predictors of metabolic disease in PLWH and men who are at high risk of acquiring HIV, we found that increased lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, an inflammatory marker indicative of compromised intestinal barrier function, was associated with worse metabolic health. We also found impaired metabolic health associated with specific dietary components, gut microbes, and host and microbial metabolites. This study lays the framework for mechanistic studies aimed at targeting the microbiome to prevent or treat metabolic endotoxemia in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J S Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers the State University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kevin Quinn
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer Fouquier
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sam X Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nichole M Nusbacher
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katrina A Doenges
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Suzanne Fiorillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tyson J Marden
- Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Janine Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas B Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brent E Palmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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21
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Hema A, Poda A, Tougouma JB, Meda C, Kabore F, Zoungrana J, Kamoule E, Sore I, Bado G, Ouedraogo AS, Sawadogo AB, Millogo A. [Diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure over risk in HIV-infected people followed at Souro Sanou University Hospital Day Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso 2018]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2021; 69:72-77. [PMID: 33563493 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent the leading causes of death worldwide. HIV also increases the risk of developing NCDs including diabetes mellitus and hypertension. METHODS A cross-sectional study, based on an analysis of the cohort database of the day hospital of the Souro Sanou teaching hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Diabetes mellitus was defined by the undergoing of anti-diabetic treatment or two successive measurements of fasting blood sugar above 7mmol/l and high blood pressure by the undergoing of antihypertensive treatment or two successive measurements of blood pressure above 140/90mmHg. Comparison of the frequency of diabetes and hypertension in the people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) population on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with that of the general population of Burkina Faso was made by indirect standardization according to age and gender. RESULTS A total of 4259 patients including 3148 women (73.9%) were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 45 years (IQR: 38-52); the median body mass index (BMI) was 19.6kg/m2 (IQR: 15.4 - 22.7) and 48.3% of patients had a BMI≥25kg/m2. The median CD4 count was 590 cells/mm3 (IQR: 417-785). The median ART duration was 8.2 years (IQR: 4.7-11.2). The majority of patients (82.9%) were on treatment combinations consisting in 2 INTI+1 NNRTI. Prevalence of hypertension was 39.8%; it was statistically higher in men than in women (45.8% versus 37.8%). Prevalence of hypertension was 87.0% higher in the PLWHA population than among same-sex and same-age subjects in the general population. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 7.3%. Diabetes mellitus was more common in men than in women (10.1% versus 6.3%; P<10-3). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 36.0% higher in the PLWHA population than among same-sex and same-age subjects in the general population. CONCLUSION Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension was higher among PLHWA undergoing ART than in the general population. Care for the PLHWA population should more widely include NCD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hema
- Hôpital de jour du service de maladies infectieuses, CHU Souro Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - A Poda
- Hôpital de jour du service de maladies infectieuses, CHU Souro Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Institut national des sciences de la santé, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - J-B Tougouma
- Service de cardiologie, CHU Souro Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Institut national des sciences de la santé, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - C Meda
- Institut national des sciences de la santé, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - F Kabore
- Institut national de santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - J Zoungrana
- Hôpital de jour du service de maladies infectieuses, CHU Souro Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Institut national des sciences de la santé, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - E Kamoule
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, CHU Souro Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - I Sore
- Hôpital de jour du service de maladies infectieuses, CHU Souro Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - G Bado
- Hôpital de jour du service de maladies infectieuses, CHU Souro Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - A-S Ouedraogo
- Hôpital de jour du service de maladies infectieuses, CHU Souro Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - A-B Sawadogo
- Hôpital de jour du service de maladies infectieuses, CHU Souro Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - A Millogo
- UFR/Sciences de la santé, Université Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Schank M, Zhao J, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. The Impact of HIV- and ART-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cellular Senescence and Aging. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010174. [PMID: 33467074 PMCID: PMC7830696 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, 38 million individuals were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 25.4 million of which were using antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the end of 2019. Despite ART-mediated suppression of viral replication, ART is not a cure and is associated with viral persistence, residual inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Indeed, due to the presence of viral reservoirs, lifelong ART therapy is required to control viremia and prevent disease progression into acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Successful ART treatment allows people living with HIV (PLHIV) to achieve a similar life expectancy to uninfected individuals. However, recent studies have illustrated the presence of increased comorbidities, such as accelerated, premature immune aging, in ART-controlled PLHIV compared to uninfected individuals. Studies suggest that both HIV-infection and ART-treatment lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in cellular exhaustion, senescence, and apoptosis. Since mitochondria are essential cellular organelles for energy homeostasis and cellular metabolism, their compromise leads to decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ATP synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and beta-oxidation, abnormal cell homeostasis, increased oxidative stress, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations and cellular apoptosis. The progressive mitochondrial damage induced by HIV-infection and ART-treatment likely contributes to accelerated aging, senescence, and cellular dysfunction in PLHIV. This review discusses the connections between mitochondrial compromise and cellular dysfunction associated with HIV- and ART-induced toxicities, providing new insights into how HIV and current ART directly impact mitochondrial functions and contribute to cellular senescence and aging in PLHIV. Identifying this nexus and potential mechanisms may be beneficial in developing improved therapeutics for treating PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +423-439-8063; Fax: +423-439-7010
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De La Garza R, Rodrigo H, Fernandez F, Roy U. The Increase of HIV-1 Infection, Neurocognitive Impairment, and Type 2 Diabetes in The Rio Grande Valley. Curr HIV Res 2021; 17:377-387. [PMID: 31663481 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666191029162235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infection remains a persistent predicament for the State of Texas, ranking seventh among the most documented HIV cases in the United States. In this regard, the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas is considered as one of the least investigated areas of the state with respect to HIV infection and HIV associated comorbidities. Considering the 115% increase in average HIV incidence rates per 100,000 within the RGV from 2007-2015, it is worth characterizing this population with respect to their HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND), and the association of treatment with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Moreover, the increased rate of Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in the RGV population is intertwined with that of HIV-1 infection facing challenges due to the lack of knowledge about prevention to inadequate access to healthcare. Hence, the role of T2D in the development of HAND among the people living with HIV (PLWH) in the RGV will be reviewed to establish a closer link between T2D and HAND in cART-treated patients of the RGV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De La Garza
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, United States
| | - Hansapani Rodrigo
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States
| | - Francisco Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, United States
| | - Upal Roy
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, United States
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Li J, Nikanjam M, Cunningham CK, McFarland EJ, Coates EE, Houser KV, Lin BC, McDermott AB, Flach B, Gama L, Koup RA, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Ledgerwood JE, Capparelli EV. Model Informed Development of VRC01 in Newborn Infants Using a Population Pharmacokinetics Approach. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 109:184-192. [PMID: 32866318 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
VRC01 is a first-in-class, potent, broadly neutralizing antibody that targets the CD4 binding site of gp120 on HIV-1 viruses, and is under development as a novel HIV therapeutic. This study utilized population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling to characterize VRC01 PK to guide dosing selection for ongoing phase II clinical trials in pediatric patients. Combining VRC01 PK data from 3 adult and 1 infant clinical trials, a total of 1,475 VRC01 serum concentrations from 100 participants were used in the analysis (40 infants and 60 adults). VRC01 was administered either i.v. or s.c. (1-40 mg/kg). All infants received s.c. doses as compared with 13% s.c. and 87% i.v. in adults. The data were well-described by a two-compartment model. Clearance was 37% higher in adults with HIV infection and 83% lower in infants than adults. Subcutaneous bioavailability was 55% in adults. Rapid absorption was seen in infants indicating therapeutic levels could be achieved quickly. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine optimal dosing and demonstrated 40 mg/kg s.c. at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 10 would maintain VRC01 levels at the suppressive target concentration of 50 μg/mL for the first 14 weeks of life in infants. The current analysis provides new insight into differences in monoclonal antibody PK between infants and adults and demonstrates the utility of a population PK approach in informing drug development for infant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Li
- Schools of Medicine and Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mina Nikanjam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth J McFarland
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily E Coates
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine V Houser
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Britta Flach
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edmund V Capparelli
- Schools of Medicine and Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Kaplan A, Simon TG, Henson JB, Wang T, Zheng H, Osganian SA, Rosenblatt R, Lake J, Corey KE. Brief Report: Relationship Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease in Persons With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 84:400-404. [PMID: 32235172 PMCID: PMC10462389 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and HIV are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the factors associated with NAFLD in persons living with HIV (PWH) and whether CVD is more frequent in PWH with NAFLD are currently unknown. METHODS From the Partners HealthCare Research Patient Data Registry, we identified PWH with and without NAFLD between 2010 and 2017. NAFLD was defined using validated histological or radiographic criteria. CVD was defined by an ICD-9 diagnosis of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, transient ischemic attack, or stroke and was confirmed by clinician review. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between NAFLD and CVD. RESULTS Compared with PWH without NAFLD (n = 135), PWH with NAFLD (n = 97) had higher body mass index and more frequently had hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and CVD (P < 0.01 for all). PWH with NAFLD were also more likely to have CD4 T-cell counts (CD4) <200 cells/mm. In multivariable models, the presence of NAFLD was significantly associated with CVD (adjusted odds ratio 3.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.37 to 6.94) and CD4 <200 cells/mm (adjusted odds ratio 4.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.74 to 11.55). CONCLUSION In PWH, CVD was independently associated with prevalent NAFLD after controlling for traditional CVD risk factors. NAFLD was also associated with CD4 <200 cells/mm, suggesting that immune dysfunction may be related to NAFLD. Both CVD and low CD4 count as risk factors for NAFLD require prospective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Kaplan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York Presbyterian, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tracey G. Simon
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jacqueline B. Henson
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Wang
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Russell Rosenblatt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Jordan Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Dai L, Liu A, Zhang H, Wu H, Zhang T, Su B, Shao Y, Li J, Ye J, Scott SR, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Yu H, Sun L. Impact of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy on the Lipid Profile of Chinese HIV/AIDS Treatment-Naïve Patients in Beijing: A Retrospective Study. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:324-334. [PMID: 31654514 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666191025115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with lipid abnormalities that contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although disorders of lipid metabolism associated with ART have been described before in developed countries, data on lipid profile disorders associated with ART use in China are limited. This study aimed to examine the changes in lipid profile among patients with HIV/AIDS who initiated lopinavir/ritonavir LPV/r or efavirenz (EFV)-based antiretroviral treatment regimens, which continue to be widely used China and other developing countries. METHODS This is a retrospective, matched case-control study of HIV-positive patients initiating either LPV/r or EFV regimens at the Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University between July 2012 and January 2017. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare the differences in total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], and highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C] at baseline and up to 24-months after ART initiation between the two treatment arms. RESULTS Baseline characteristics, including age, sex, CD4 cell count, viral load, and serum lipids, which were comparable between the two groups. The LPV/r-based regimen group had increased TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C after 24-months of treatment. In the EFV-regimen group, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were increased compared to baseline, while the TC/HDL-C ratio decreased, and TG did not change significantly. After 24-months of treatment, the percentage of patients with dyslipidemia in the LPV/r group was much higher than in the EFV group (84.0% vs. 52.6%, P<0.001), and 17(10%) patients on LPV/r-based regimens had severe dyslipidemia. Patients on LPV/r-based regimens were at increased odds of hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio [OR]=1.709, P=0.038), hypertriglyceridemia (OR=4.315, P<0.001), and high TC/HDL-C ratio (OR=1.951, P=0.003). However, no significant difference was found in HDL-C (OR=1.246, P=0.186) or LDL-C (OR=1.253, P=0.410) between the treatment groups. CONCLUSION Both LPV/r or EFV treatment regimens impacted patients' lipid profiles. Compared to EFV-based regimens, patients on LPV/r-based regimens had increased odds of dyslipidemia, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or high TC/HDL-C ratio; however, there was no obvious effect on LDL-C, which is more relevant to the development of the cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Dai
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiangzhu Ye
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Sarah Robbins Scott
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, University at Buffalo, Clinical & Translational Research Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, University at Buffalo, Clinical & Translational Research Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, You'an Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Lidenge SJ, Kossenkov AV, Tso FY, Wickramasinghe J, Privatt SR, Ngalamika O, Ngowi JR, Mwaiselage J, Lieberman PM, West JT, Wood C. Comparative transcriptome analysis of endemic and epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions and the secondary role of HIV-1 in KS pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008681. [PMID: 32706839 PMCID: PMC7406108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, endemic Kaposi's sarcoma (EnKS) is still prevalent despite high incidence of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma (EpKS) resulting from the on-going HIV-1 epidemic. While KSHV is clearly the etiologic agent of KS, the mechanisms underlying KS development are not fully understood. For example, HIV-1 co-infection and concomitant immune dysfunction have been associated with EpKS development. However, the direct or indirect role(s) of HIV-1, and therefore of immune suppression, in EpKS remains unclear. How, or whether, EpKS is mechanistically distinct from EnKS is unknown. Thus, the absence of HIV-1 co-infection in EnKS provides a unique control for investigating and deciphering whether HIV-1 plays a direct or indirect role in the EpKS tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that HIV-1 co-infection would induce transcriptome changes that differentiate EpKS from EnKS, thereby defining the direct intra-tumor role of HIV-1 in KS. Comparison of ART-treated and -naïve patients would further define the impact of ART on the KS transcriptome. We utilized RNA-seq followed by multiparameter bioinformatics analysis to compare transcriptomes from KS lesions to uninvolved control skin. We provide the first transcriptomic comparison of EpKS versus EnKS, ART-treated vs-naïve EpKS and male vs female EpKS to define the roles of HIV-1 co-infection, the impact of ART, and gender on KS gene expression profiles. Our findings suggest that ART-use and gender have minimal impact on transcriptome profiles of KS lesions. Gene expression profiles strongly correlated between EpKS and EnKS patients (Spearman r = 0.83, p<10-10). A subset of genes involved in tumorigenesis and inflammation/immune responses showed higher magnitude, but not unique dysregulation in EnKS compared to EpKS. While gender and ART had no detectable contribution, the trend toward higher magnitude of gene dysregulation in EnKS coupled with the absence of HIV-1 transcripts in EpKS may suggest an indirect or systemic effect of HIV-1 to promote KS tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salum J. Lidenge
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - For Yue Tso
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | | | - Sara R. Privatt
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Owen Ngalamika
- Dermatology and Venereology section, University Teaching Hospitals, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John R. Ngowi
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Julius Mwaiselage
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Paul M. Lieberman
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John T. West
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Charles Wood
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
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Gangcuangco LMA, Mitchell BI, Siriwardhana C, Kohorn LB, Chew GM, Bowler S, Kallianpur KJ, Chow DC, Ndhlovu LC, Gerschenson M, Shikuma CM. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is decreased in chronic HIV and correlates with immune dysregulation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231761. [PMID: 32353005 PMCID: PMC7192478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular immunometabolism among people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains under investigated. We assessed the relationships between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and blood parameters associated with HIV immune dysregulation. Methods PLWH ≥40 years old and on stable ART ≥3 months were enrolled (N = 149). OXPHOS complex I (CI, NADH dehydrogenase) and complex IV (CIV, cytochrome c oxidase) protein levels in PBMCs were quantified using immunoassays. Monocyte subsets and markers of T-cell activation, senescence, and exhaustion were measured on PBMC by flow cytometry. Plasma inflammatory mediators were quantified using a multiplex assay. HIV-uninfected group (N = 44) of similar age, gender, and ethnicity had available OXPHOS levels. Results PLWH had a median age of 51 years. Majority were male (88.6%), Caucasian (57.7%), and with undetectable plasma HIV RNA <50 copies/mL (84.6%). Median CI level was lower in PLWH compared with the HIV-seronegative group (65.5 vs 155.0 optical density/μg protein x 103, p <0.0001). There was no significant difference in median CIV levels. Lower OXPHOS levels correlated with lower CD4% and CD4/CD8 ratio. On multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, current use of zidovudine/didanosine, and HIV RNA (detectable versus undetectable), lower OXPHOS levels were significantly associated with higher MPO, SAA, SAP, and sVCAM, and higher frequencies of intermediate (CD14++CD16+) monocytes and TIGIT+TIM3+ CD4 T-cell (p<0.01). Conclusion CI PBMC protein levels were decreased in PLWH on ART. Decreased OXPHOS correlated with disease severity and inflammation. Further studies on the relationship between immunometabolism and immune dysregulation in HIV are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Glen M. Chew
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Scott Bowler
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | | | - Dominic C. Chow
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | | | | | - Cecilia M. Shikuma
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Balthazar M, Diallo I, Pak VM. Metabolomics of sleep disorders in HIV: a narrative review. Sleep Breath 2020; 24:1333-1337. [PMID: 32198720 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep disturbances are prevalent among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), even those who are being treated on antiretroviral therapy. It is important to understand the metabolomic mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances among people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS A review of recent literature was performed to explore the use of metabolomics in understanding sleep among PLWH. RESULTS We found only two studies that used metabolomics to explore sleep health among PLWH. CONCLUSION This paper reviews common sleep disorders in HIV, the existing metabolomic studies that may explain the relationship, and implications for future research. The use of metabolomics in exploring sleep disorders among PLWH will help to elucidate mechanistic links to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Balthazar
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Idiatou Diallo
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victoria M Pak
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Brain microstructural changes support cognitive deficits in HIV uninfected children born to HIV infected mothers. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 2:100039. [PMID: 34589830 PMCID: PMC8474176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is considered the most effective way to prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, there is little knowledge about the effect of ART on the brain of HIV uninfected children born to HIV infected mothers (HUC). The current study evaluated the brain's microstructural integrity, and cognitive function in HUC compared to healthy children born to normal mothers (CHNM) and HIV infected children born to HIV infected mothers (HIC) to investigate the effect of in-utero exposure of ART on cerebral gray and white matter. Materials and methods Forty nine HIC, 12 HUC and 18 CHNM underwent neuropsychological (NP) assessment and a brain MRI. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was used to generate fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps. Voxel wise comparison for FA and MD was performed between three groups using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) including age and sex as covariates, and correction for multiple comparisons (false discovery rate (FDR), p < 0.05 with minimum extended cluster size, 150 voxels). NP test scores were also compared between three groups using ANOVA with Post Hoc Bonferroni multiple comparison corrections (p < 0.05). Significantly changed FA and MD values in different brain regions in HIC and HUC compared to CHNM were used for correlation analysis with NP test scores using Pearson's correlation. Results HIC and HUC groups showed significantly decreased NP test scores in various domain compared to CHNM. Significantly lower NP test scores was observed in HIC than those of HUC. HIC showed decreased FA and increased MD in multiple brain sites as compared to both CHNM and HUC. Decreased FA along with both increased and decreased MD in different brain regions was present in HUC compared to CHNM. Both positive and negative correlation of altered FA and MD values from different brain regions in HIC and HUC with NP test scores was observed. Conclusion The presence of brain tissue changes and neurocognitive function deficit in absence of HIV infection in HUC indicates that ART may have a detrimental impact on the developing brain. The findings of the current study underscore the need for screening of ART exposed children for neurodevelopment and cognitive abnormalities at an early stage and call for access to early interventions, and nutritional and care programs.
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Rinaldi S, Pallikkuth S, Cameron M, de Armas LR, Cotugno N, Dinh V, Pahwa R, Richardson B, Saini SR, Rocca S, Lain MG, Williams SL, Palma P, Pahwa S. Impact of Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on HIV-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cell Function in Perinatally Infected Children. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:540-549. [PMID: 31889024 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in vertically HIV-infected children limits the size of the virus reservoir, but whether the time of treatment initiation (TI) can durably impact host immune responses associated with HIV infection is still unknown. This study was conducted in PBMC of 20 HIV-infected virally suppressed children on ART (mean age 9.4 y), classified as early treated (ET; age at ART initiation ≤0.5 y, n = 14) or late treated (LT; age at ART initiation 1-10 y, n = 6). Frequencies and functions of Ag-specific CD4 (CD40L+) and CD8 (CD69+) T cells were evaluated by intracellular IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α production with IL-21 in CD4 or CD107a, granzyme B and perforin in CD8 T cells following stimulation with HIV gp140 protein (ENV) or GAG peptides by multiparameter flow cytometry. ET showed a higher proportion of cytokine-producing ENV- and GAG-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells compared with LT. In particular, ET were enriched in polyfunctional T cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed upregulation of immune activation pathways in LT compared with ET. Our results suggest that timing of TI in HIV-infected children has a long-term and measurable impact on the quality of the HIV-specific T cell immune responses and transcriptional profiles of PBMC, reinforcing the importance of early TI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Lesley R de Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Research Unit of Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Vinh Dinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Rajendra Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Shelly R Saini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Salvatore Rocca
- Research Unit of Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Lain
- Fundação Ariel Glaser Contra O Sida Pediátrico, 1100 Maputo, Mozambique; and
| | - Sion L Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136;
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Bourgeois C, Gorwood J, Barrail-Tran A, Lagathu C, Capeau J, Desjardins D, Le Grand R, Damouche A, Béréziat V, Lambotte O. Specific Biological Features of Adipose Tissue, and Their Impact on HIV Persistence. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2837. [PMID: 31921023 PMCID: PMC6927940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although white AT can contribute to anti-infectious immune responses, it can also be targeted and perturbed by pathogens. The AT's immune involvement is primarily due to strong pro-inflammatory responses (with both local and paracrine effects), and the large number of fat-resident macrophages. Adipocytes also exert direct antimicrobial responses. In recent years, it has been found that memory T cells accumulate in AT, where they provide efficient secondary responses against viral pathogens. These observations have prompted researchers to re-evaluate the links between obesity and susceptibility to infections. In contrast, AT serves as a reservoir for several persistence pathogens, such as human adenovirus Ad-36, Trypanosoma gondii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza A virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The presence and persistence of bacterial DNA in AT has led to the concept of a tissue-specific microbiota. The unexpected coexistence of immune cells and pathogens within the specific AT environment is intriguing, and its impact on anti-infectious immune responses requires further evaluation. AT has been recently identified as a site of HIV persistence. In the context of HIV infection, AT is targeted by both the virus and the antiretroviral drugs. AT's intrinsic metabolic features, large overall mass, and wide distribution make it a major tissue reservoir, and one that may contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic HIV infections. Here, we review the immune, metabolic, viral, and pharmacological aspects that contribute to HIV persistence in AT. We also evaluate the respective impacts of both intrinsic and HIV-induced factors on AT's involvement as a viral reservoir. Lastly, we examine the potential consequences of HIV persistence on the metabolic and immune activities of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bourgeois
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jennifer Gorwood
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Barrail-Tran
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- AP-HP, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Lagathu
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Abderaouf Damouche
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Véronique Béréziat
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- AP-HP, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Tryptophan Metabolism Activates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Pathway To Promote HIV-1 Infection and Reactivation. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02591-19. [PMID: 31848275 PMCID: PMC6918076 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02591-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cellular metabolic pathways are altered by HIV-1 infection, with an impact on immune activation, inflammation, and acquisition of non-AIDS comorbid diseases. The dysfunction of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been observed clinically in association with accelerated HIV-1 pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is activated by Trp metabolites to promote HIV-1 infection and reactivation. AHR directly binds to the HIV-1 5' long terminal repeat (5'-LTR) at the molecular level to activate viral transcription and infection, and AHR activation by Trp metabolites increases its nuclear translocation and association with the HIV 5'-LTR; moreover, the binding of AHR with HIV-1 Tat facilitates the recruitment of positive transcription factors to viral promoters. These findings not only elucidate a previously unappreciated mechanism through which cellular Trp metabolites affect HIV pathogenesis but also suggest that a downstream target AHR may be a potential target for modulating HIV-1 infection.IMPORTANCE Cellular metabolic pathways that are altered by HIV-1 infection may accelerate disease progression. Dysfunction in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been observed clinically in association with accelerated HIV-1 pathogenesis, but the mechanism responsible was not known. This study demonstrates that Trp metabolites augment the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, to promote HIV-1 infection and transcription. These findings not only elucidate a previously unappreciated mechanism through which cellular Trp metabolites affect HIV pathogenesis but also suggest that a downstream target AHR may be a potential target for modulating HIV-1 infection.
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