A Concurrent Cognitive Task Does Not Perturb Quiet Standing in Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Recent research in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an evidence map

Background

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition, classified by the World Health Organization as a nervous system disease, impacting around 17 million people worldwide. Presentation involves persistent fatigue and postexertional malaise (a worsening of symptoms after minimal exertion) and a wide range of other symptoms. Case definitions have historically varied; postexertional malaise is a core diagnostic criterion in current definitions. In 2022, a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership established research priorities relating to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Objective(s)

We created a map of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome evidence (2018-23), showing the volume and key characteristics of recent research in this field. We considered diagnostic criteria and how current research maps against the James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership research priorities.

Methods

Using a predefined protocol, we conducted a comprehensive search of Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. We included all English-language research studies published between January 2018 and May 2023. Two reviewers independently applied inclusion criteria with consensus involving additional reviewers. Studies including people diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome using any criteria (including self-report), of any age and in any setting were eligible. Studies with < 10 myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome participants were excluded. Data extraction, coding of topics (involving stakeholder consultation) and methodological quality assessment of systematic reviews (using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2) was conducted independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Studies were presented in an evidence map.

Results

Of the 11,278 identified studies, 742 met the selection criteria, but only 639 provided sufficient data for inclusion in the evidence map. These reported data from approximately 610,000 people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. There were 81 systematic reviews, 72 experimental studies, 423 observational studies and 63 studies with other designs. Most studies (94%) were from high-income countries. Reporting of participant details was poor; 16% did not report gender, 74% did not report ethnicity and 81% did not report the severity of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Forty-four per cent of studies used multiple diagnostic criteria, 16% did not specify criteria, 24% used a single criterion not requiring postexertional malaise and 10% used a single criterion requiring postexertional malaise. Most (89%) systematic reviews had a low methodological quality. Five main topics (37 subtopics) were included in the evidence map. Of the 639 studies; 53% addressed the topic 'what is the cause?'; 38% 'what is the problem?'; 26% 'what can we do about it?'; 15% 'diagnosis and assessment'; and 13% other topics, including 'living with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome'.

Discussion

Studies have been presented in an interactive evidence map according to topic, study design, diagnostic criteria and age. This evidence map should inform decisions about future myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome research.

Limitations

An evidence map does not summarise what the evidence says. Our evidence map only includes studies published in 2018 or later and in English language. Inconsistent reporting and use of diagnostic criteria limit the interpretation of evidence. We assessed the methodological quality of systematic reviews, but not of primary studies.

Conclusions

We have produced an interactive evidence map, summarising myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome research from 2018 to 2023. This evidence map can inform strategic plans for future research. We found some, often limited, evidence addressing every James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership priority; high-quality systematic reviews should inform future studies.

Funding

This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Evidence Synthesis programme as award number NIHR159926.

Stabilometric Biofeedback Training in Cognitive and Affective Function Improvement. Contribution of the Russian Scientific School. Part II

This review is the second part of the critical analysis of recent papers of Russian and other authors devoted to the study of the stabilometric parameters in postural control biofeedback training and rehabilitation, associated with psychological functions. The review presents the studies of postural control features in chronic pain syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and depression. The leading role of Russian researchers in the development and application of stabilometric biofeedback in the training of optimal functioning, rehabilitation, and correction of neurological disorders is noted. The paradigm of stabilometric biofeedback training of the cognitive and affective functions is offered.

Impact of adding a simultaneous cognitive task in the elbow's range of movement during arm curl test in women with fibromyalgia

BACKGROUND

Fibromyalgia symptoms cause a significant reduction in the ability to perform daily life activities. These activities require the ability to perform more than one task simultaneously. The main objective of this study was to evaluate how dual-task could modify range of movement, duration of repetitions and performance in the arm curl test in healthy controls and patients with fibromyalgia.

METHODS

Twenty women participated in this study, divided into two groups: 1) patients with fibromyalgia (N = 10, age = 52.00 [5.08]) and 2) age- and gender-matched healthy controls (N = 10; age = 51.60 [4.09]). The participants had to perform the arm curl test in two conditions: single test condition and performing a dual-task. The dual-task condition consisted of remembering three random unrelated words.

RESULTS

Patients with fibromyalgia completed fewer repetitions than controls during dual-task condition (p-value = 0.015). Furthermore, both groups showed a significant decrease in the range of movement in the dual-task condition when comparing the mean of the three first repetitions with the three last ones (p-value < 0.05).

INTERPRETATION

The motor task might be prioritized over the cognitive task at the beginning of the test. However, at the end of the test, the cognitive task could require more attention due to the increased time since the words were heard, and also the motor task could require less attention after some repetitions have been performed. Thus, the addition of a cognitive task could lead to a less conscious execution of the motor task at the end of the test, which may be consistent with a reduced range of movement.

Impact of adding a cognitive task while performing physical fitness tests in women with fibromyalgia: A cross-sectional descriptive study

Fibromyalgia symptoms cause a significant reduction in the ability to perform daily life activities. These activities often require the ability to perform more than 1 task at the same time.The aim was to investigate how the addition of a cognitive task modifies the performance in physical fitness tests in fibromyalgia and healthy controls.A total of 61 women participated in this study, 31 of them diagnosed with fibromyalgia by a rheumatologist. They performed 3 physical fitness tests (arm curl, handgrip, and 10-steps stair tests) in 2 conditions:The dual task cost was calculated as the difference between the performances in the regular and dual-task (DT) conditions.Healthy controls obtained significantly better results than fibromyalgia in both, dual and single-task conditions. Women with fibromyalgia significantly decreased the performance in the 10-steps stair test when a cognitive task was added. Between-group differences in the dual-task costs (DTC) were not found.Women with fibromyalgia showed lower physical performance than healthy controls in both, single and dual task conditions. In addition, differences between single and dual task conditions were observed in the 10-steps stair test in women with fibromyalgia. This could be related with a reduction in the ability to perform daily life activities. However, results regarding DTC indicate that both groups may be similarly influenced by the addition of a secondary cognitive. Thus, further research with different difficulty levels of DT conditions is needed in fibromyalgia.