Temporal Changes on the Risks and Complications of Posttransplantion Diabetes Mellitus Following Cardiac Transplantation

Impact of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes after heart transplantation

PURPOSE

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common among recipients of heart transplantation (HTx) but its impact on clinical outcomes is unclear. We evaluated the associations between pretransplant DM and posttransplant DM (PTDM) and outcomes among adults receiving HTx at a single center.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective study (range 01/2008 - 07/2018), n = 244. The primary outcome was survival; secondary outcomes included acute rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, infection requiring hospitalization, macrovascular events, and dialysis initiation post-transplant. Comparisons were performed using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses.

RESULTS

Pretransplant DM was present in 75 (30.7%) patients and was associated with a higher risk for infection requiring hospitalization (p<0.05), but not with survival or other outcomes. Among the 144 patients without pretransplant DM surviving to one year, 29 (20.1%) were diagnosed with PTDM at the 1-year follow-up. After multivariable adjustment, PTDM diagnosis at 1-year remained associated with worse subsequent survival (hazard ratio 2.72, 95% confidence interval 1.03-7.16). Predictors of PTDM at 1-year included cytomegalovirus seropositivity and higher prednisone dose (>5mg/day) at 1-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared to HTx recipients without baseline DM, those with baseline DM have a higher risk for infections requiring hospitalization, and those who develop DM after HTx have worse survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

pre-existing diabetes and PTDM in kidney transplant recipients: how to handle immunosuppression

INTRODUCTION

Preexisting diabetes (PD) and post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) are common and severe comorbidities posttransplantation. The immunosuppressive regimens are modifiable risk factors.

AREAS COVERED

We reviewed Pubmed and Cochrane database and we summarize the mechanisms and impacts of available immunosuppressive treatments on the risk of PD and PTDM. We also assess the possible management of these drugs to improve glycemic parameters while considering risks inherent in transplantation.

EXPERT OPINION

PD i) increases the risk of sepsis, ii) is an independent risk factor for infection-related mortality, and iii) increases acute rejection risk. Regarding PTDM development i) immunosuppressive strategies without corticosteroids significantly reduce the risk but the price may be a higher incidence of rejection; ii) minimization or rapid withdrawal of steroids are two valuable approaches; iii) the diabetogenic role of calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs) is also well-described and is more important for tacrolimus than for cyclosporine. Reducing tacrolimus-exposure may improve glycemic parameters but also has a higher risk of rejection. PTDM risk is higher in patients that receive sirolimus compared to mycophenolate mofetil. Finally, conversion from CNIs to belatacept may offer the best benefits to PTDM-recipients in terms of glycemic parameters, graft and patient-outcomes.