Cav-1 Ablation in Pancreatic Stellate Cells Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth through Nrf2-Induced shh Signaling

Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu decoction inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps formation to relieve rheumatoid arthritis via gut microbial outer membrane vesicles

BACKGROUND

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with a high disability rate. Accumulating studies suggest that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA and targeting NETs has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for RA. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu Decoction (GSZD) has exhibited good efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while the underly mechanism especially the possibility that GSZD alter NETs formation to relieve RA remains unknown.

PURPOSE

Our study aimed to investigate relationship between GSZD and NETs in RA treatment and revealed underlying mechanism.

METHODS

We constructed collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and treated CIA mice with GZSY to validate therapeutic effects of GSZD and examine whether GZSD could inhibit NETs formation in RA. And 16S rRNA sequencing and Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment were performed to determine whether GSZD could reduce NETs formation to alleviate RA in gut microbiota-associated manner and identify crucial bacterium in response to GSZD administration. CIA mice treated with effective bacteria and its outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with oral administration to investigate protective effect against RA and NETs regulative efficiency. We utilized small interfering RNA in vivo and vitro to silence gene mediating effect of GZSD-gut microbiota-NETs.

RESULTS

GSZD could inhibit NETs formation and relive arthritis in CIA mice. Additionally, GSZD alter gut microbiota composition and significantly increase intestinal Parabacteroides goldsteinii (P.goldsteinii) abundance. Mechanistically, P.goldsteinii enriched by GSZD secreted outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to translocate into joints and activate Cav-1-Nrf2 axis, leading to reduced NETs formation and alleviate arthritis. In clinical, the abundance of P.goldsteinii exhibited negative correlation with NETs indexes and RA disease activities.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that GSZD inhibits NETs formation to relieve RA in P.goldsteinii-Cav-1-Nrf2 associated manner, which could provide new sight of the prevention and treatment of RA.

Increased caveolin 1 by human antigen R exacerbates Porphyromonas gingivali-induced atherosclerosis by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses

Objective

Many different types of infectious oral diseases have been identified clinically, including chronic periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the main pathogen causing chronic periodontitis, which is closely related to atherosclerosis (AS) and can promote the expression levels of caveolin 1 (Cav-1) and induced ribonucleic acid (RNA)-binding protein human antigen R (HuR). However, the roles of Cav-1 and its relationship with HuR in P. gingivalis-mediated AS progression remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to detect the role and molecular mechanisms of Cav-1 in P. gingivalis-mediated AS.

Material and Methods

To investigate the role of Cav-1 in P. gingivalis-mediated AS, we infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with P. gingivalis at a multiplicity of infection of 100:1 for 6, 12, and 24 h to simulate P. gingivalis-induced AS models in vitro and then transfected them with Cav-1 small interfering RNA to silence Cav-1. Combining molecular biology experimental techniques such as cell counting kit-8 assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and Oil Red O staining, and apolipoprotein E-deficient AS model mice, the impacts of Cav-1 on cell viability, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, Cav-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels, and atherosclerotic plaque formation were investigated. Then, the relationship between Cav-1 and HuR was investigated through biotin pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot.

Results

P. gingivalis can induce Cav-1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). This effect can inhibit the proliferation of HUVECs (P < 0.05). Cav-1 interference repressed inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ICAM-1 levels, and apoptosis in the HUVECs (P < 0.05). Cav-1 messenger RNA was stabilized by HuR, which can bind to the 3' untranslated region of Cav-1. Increase in HuR level reversed the effects of Cav-1 silencing on ROS and ICAM-1 levels and apoptosis in the HUVECs (P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and atherosclerotic plaque formation induced by P. gingivalis in the mouse model were significantly reduced after Cav-1 expression was inhibited (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

HuR-activated Cav-1 may promote atherosclerotic plaque formation by modulating inflammatory response and oxidative stress, leading to AS.

Resveratrol Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Regulates M1/M2-Type Polarization of Microglia via Mediation of the Nrf2/Shh Signaling Cascade after OGD/R Injury In Vitro

AIMS

Microglia are closely related to the occurrence and development of oxidative stress. Cerebral ischemia leads to abnormal activation of microglia. Resveratrol can regulate M1/M2-type microglia polarization, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood, although the Nrf2 and Shh signaling pathways may be involved. Given that resveratrol activates Shh, the present study examined whether this is mediated by Nrf2 signaling.

METHODS

N9 microglia were pretreated with drugs before oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). HT22 neurons were also used for conditional co-culture with microglia. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. MDA levels and SOD activity in the supernatant were detected by TBA and WST-1, respectively. Immunofluorescence detected Nrf2 and Gli1 nuclear translocation. The levels of CD206, Arg1, iNOS, TNF-α, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, Shh, Ptc, Smo, Gli1 protein and mRNA were measured by Western blotting or RT-qPCR. Annexin V-FITC Flow Cytometric Analysis detected apoptosis.

RESULTS

Resveratrol and Nrf2 activator RTA-408 enhanced the viability of microglia, reduced oxidative stress, promoted M2-type microglia polarization and activated Nrf2 and Shh signaling. ML385, a selective inhibitor of Nrf2, decreased the viability of microglia, aggravated oxidative stress, promoted M1-type microglia polarization and inhibited Nrf2 and Shh signaling. Moreover, resveratrol and RTA-408-treated microglia can reduce the apoptosis and increase the viability of HT22 neurons, while ML385-treated microglia aggravated the apoptosis and weakened the viability of HT22 neurons.

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrated that resveratrol may inhibit oxidative stress, regulate M1/M2-type polarization of microglia and decrease neuronal injury in conditional co-culture of neurons and microglia via the mediation of the Nrf2/Shh signaling cascade after OGD/R injury in vitro.

Caveolin-1, a novel player in cognitive decline

Cognitive decline (CD), which related to vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and diabetes mellitus, is a growing health concern that has a great impact on the patients' quality of life. Although extensive efforts, the mechanisms of CD are still far from being clarified, not to mention the effective treatment and prevention strategies. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a trans-membrane protein, is a major component of the caveolae structure and scaffolding proteins. Recently, ample evidence depicts a strong correlation between Cav-1 and CD, however, the specific role of Cav-1 in CD has not been clearly examined and how they might be connected have yet to be identified. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview about how Cav-1 modulates pathogeneses of CD-associated diseases. In summary, Cav-1 can promote structural and functional plasticity of neurons, improve neurogenesis, relieve mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibit inflammation and suppress oxidative stress, which have shed light on the idea that Cav-1 may be an efficacious therapeutic target to treat CD.

Caveolin-1 regulates the expression of miR-183 and inhibits the invasion and migration of invasive pituitary adenomas by affecting early growth response 1 (EGR1)/Krueppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) interaction

Background

This study aims to investigate the mechanism through which Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) regulates the expression of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-183 in invasive pituitary adenoma (IPA) tissues and GH3 cells, and explore the effects of CAV-1 and miR-183 on the invasion and migration ability of GH3 cells.

Methods

Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of CAV-1, early growth response 1 (EGR1) and Krueppel-like factor 5 (KLF5). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of miR-183. The mechanisms of interaction between CAV-1, EGR1, and KLF5 were studied by immunoprecipitation experiments. Transwell and cell scratch tests were used to determine the invasion and migration ability of GH3 cells. The dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to detect the effects of EGR1 and KLF5 on miR-183 luciferase activity and verify the targeting relationship between miR-183 and ezrin.

Results

The expression of CAV-1 was up-regulated. However, following the knockdown of CAV-1, the invasion and migration ability of GH3 cells was significantly inhibited (P<0.05). The expression of miR-183 was down-regulated, but the expression level of miR-183 was markedly increased following the knockdown of CAV-1 (P<0.05). The knockdown of CAV-1 inhibited the nuclear ectopic of the EGR1 protein in GH3 cells. At the same time, the interaction between EGR1 and KLF5 in GH3 cells was significantly inhibited (P<0.05). The luciferase activity of miR-183 increased significantly after overexpression of KLF5 while overexpression of EGR1 and KLF5 had no significant effect on intracellular luciferase activity. Overexpression of miR-183 markedly inhibited the luciferase activity of wild-type EZR and the expression of the EZR protein in GH3 cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-183 or the inhibition of EZR can reduce the invasion and migration ability of GH3 cells. The simultaneous overexpression or inhibition of miR-183 and EZR expression has no obvious effect on the invasion and migration ability of GH3 cells.

Conclusions

CAV-1 up-regulates the expression of miR-183 by inhibiting the nuclear ectopic of EGR1 and the interaction between EGR1 and KLF5 in GH3 cells. Also, miR-183 negatively regulates the expression of EZR and inhibits the invasion and migration of GH3 cells.