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Xu C, Jiang C, Li Z, Gao H, Xian J, Guo W, He D, Peng X, Zhou D, Li D. Exosome nanovesicles: biomarkers and new strategies for treatment of human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e660. [PMID: 39015555 PMCID: PMC11247338 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles of cellular origin. One of the main characteristics of exosomes is their ability to carry a wide range of biomolecules from their parental cells, which are important mediators of intercellular communication and play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes have the advantages of biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and wide biodistribution. As researchers' understanding of exosomes has increased, various strategies have been proposed for their use in diagnosing and treating diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the biogenesis and composition of exosomes, describe the relationship between exosomes and disease progression, and focus on the use of exosomes as biomarkers for early screening, disease monitoring, and guiding therapy in refractory diseases such as tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize the current applications of exosomes, especially engineered exosomes, for efficient drug delivery, targeted therapies, gene therapies, and immune vaccines. Finally, the current challenges and potential research directions for the clinical application of exosomes are also discussed. In conclusion, exosomes, as an emerging molecule that can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, combined with multidisciplinary innovative solutions, will play an important role in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xu
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Chaoyang Jiang
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Jing Xian
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Wenyan Guo
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Dan He
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChina National Nuclear Corporation 416 HospitalChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Daijun Zhou
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
| | - Dong Li
- Department of OncologyThe General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduChina
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2
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Olejarz W, Sadowski K, Radoszkiewicz K. Extracellular Vesicles in Atherosclerosis: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:388. [PMID: 38203558 PMCID: PMC10779125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipid accumulation in the arteries, leading to narrowing and thrombosis that causes mortality. Emerging evidence has confirmed that atherosclerosis affects younger people and is involved in the majority of deaths worldwide. EVs are associated with critical steps in atherosclerosis, cholesterol metabolism, immune response, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and remodeling. Endothelial cell-derived EVs can interact with platelets and monocytes, thereby influencing endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque destabilization, and the formation of thrombus. EVs are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in atherosclerosis (AS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Importantly, EVs derived from stem/progenitor cells are essential mediators of cardiogenesis and cardioprotection and may be used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Sadowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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3
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Zhang Z, Zou Y, Song C, Cao K, Cai K, Chen S, Wu Y, Geng D, Sun G, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y. Advances in the study of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00402-2. [PMID: 38123019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death worldwide for many years. In recent years, exosomes have gained extensive attention in the cardiovascular system due to their excellent biocompatibility. Studies have extensively researched miRNAs in exosomes and found that they play critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes in the cardiovascular system. These processes include promoting or inhibiting inflammatory responses, promoting angiogenesis, participating in cell proliferation and migration, and promoting pathological progression such as fibrosis. AIM OF REVIEW This systematic review examines the role of exosomes in various cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure and cardiomyopathy. It also presents the latest treatment and prevention methods utilizing exosomes. The study aims to provide new insights and approaches for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases by exploring the relationship between exosomes and these conditions. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the potential clinical use of exosomes as biomarkers for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles surrounded by lipid bilayers that are secreted by most cells in the body. They are heterogeneous, varying in size and composition, with a diameter typically ranging from 40 to 160 nm. Exosomes serve as a means of information communication between cells, carrying various biologically active substances, including lipids, proteins, and small RNAs such as miRNAs and lncRNAs. As a result, they participate in both physiological and pathological processes within the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, China Medical University, National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Xu Y, Wan W, Zeng H, Xiang Z, Li M, Yao Y, Li Y, Bortolanza M, Wu J. Exosomes and their derivatives as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery agents for cardiovascular diseases: Situations and challenges. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:341-354. [PMID: 38130647 PMCID: PMC10732499 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles known as exosomes have a diameter of 40 to 160 nm and are derived from small endosomal membranes. Exosomes have attracted increasing attention over the past ten years in part because they are functional vehicles that can deliver a variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to the target cells they encounter. Because of this function, exosomes may be used for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of many diseases. All throughout the world, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a significant cause of death. Because exosomes are mediators of communication between cells, which contribute to many physiological and pathological aspects, they may aid in improving CVD therapies as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting CVDs. Many studies demonstrated that exosomes are associated with CVDs, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation. Exosomes participate in the progression or inhibition of these diseases mainly through the contents they deliver. However, the application of exosomes in diferent CVDs is not very mature. So further research is needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weimin Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huixuan Zeng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiwen Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424Homburg, Germany
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424Homburg, Germany
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou215008, Jiangsu Province, China
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5
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Collado A, Gan L, Tengbom J, Kontidou E, Pernow J, Zhou Z. Extracellular vesicles and their non-coding RNA cargos: Emerging players in cardiovascular disease. J Physiol 2023; 601:4989-5009. [PMID: 36094621 DOI: 10.1113/jp283200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, have recently received attention as essential mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in cardiovascular disease. EVs can be released from different types of cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells, fibroblasts, platelets, adipocytes, immune cells and stem cells. Non-coding (nc)RNAs as EV cargos have recently been investigated in the cardiovascular system. Up- or downregulated ncRNAs in EVs have been shown to play a crucial role in various cardiovascular diseases. Communication via EV-derived ncRNAs can occur between cells of the same type and between different types of cells involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we highlight the important aspects of diverse cell-derived EVs and their ncRNA cargos as disease mediators and potential therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, ischaemic heart disease and cardiac fibrosis. In addition, we summarize the potential of EV-derived ncRNAs in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss the different methods for EV isolation and characterization. A better understanding of the specific role of EVs and their ncRNA cargos in the regulation of cardiovascular (dys)function will be of importance for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Collado
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lu Gan
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - John Tengbom
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eftychia Kontidou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Li N, Zhang T, Zhu L, Sun L, Shao G, Gao J. Recent Advances of Using Exosomes as Diagnostic Markers and Targeting Carriers for Cardiovascular Disease. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4354-4372. [PMID: 37566627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of human death worldwide. Exosomes act as endogenous biological vectors; they possess advantages of low immunogenicity and low safety risks, also providing tissue selectivity, including the inherent targeting the to heart. Therefore, exosomes not only have been applied as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic outcome confirmation but also showed potential as drug carriers for cardiovascular targeting delivery. This review aims to summarize the progress and challenges of exosomes as novel biomarkers, especially many novel exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and also provides an overview of the improved targeting functions of exosomes by unique engineered approaches, the latest developed administration methods, and the therapeutic effects of exosomes used as the biocarriers of medications for cardiovascular disease treatment. Also, the possible therapeutic mechanisms and the potentials for transferring exosomes to the clinic for CVD treatment are discussed. The advances, in vivo and in vitro applications, modifications, mechanisms, and challenges summarized in this review will provide a general understanding of this promising strategy for CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linwen Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Lebo Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Guofeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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7
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Han J, Cui X, Yuan T, Yang Z, Liu Y, Ren Y, Wu C, Bian Y. Plasma-derived exosomal let-7c-5p, miR-335-3p, and miR-652-3p as potential diagnostic biomarkers for stable coronary artery disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1161612. [PMID: 37228823 PMCID: PMC10203605 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1161612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as promising biomarkers for diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the diagnostic potential of miRNAs in circulating exosomes for stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) remains unclear. We aim here to analyze the exosomal differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in plasma of SCAD patients and investigate their diagnostic potential as SCAD biomarkers. Methods: Plasma was collected from SCAD patients and healthy controls, and exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Exosomal DEmiRNAs were analyzed by small RNA sequencing and were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in a larger set of plasma samples. Relationships between plasma exosomal let-7c-5p, miR-335-3p, miR-652-3p, genders and Gensini Scores in patients with SCAD were analyzed using correlation analyses. Moreover, we conducted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for these DEmiRNAs and analyzed their possible functions and signaling pathways. Results: Vesicles isolated from plasma displayed all characteristics of exosomes. In the small RNA sequencing study, a total of 12 DEmiRNAs were identified, among which seven were verified to be statistically significant by qRT-PCR. The areas under the ROC curves of exosomal let-7c-5p, miR-335-3p, and miR-652-3p were 0.8472, 0.8029, and 0.8009, respectively. Exosomal miR-335-3p levels were positively correlated with Gensini scores of patients with SCAD. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these DEmiRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of SCAD. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that plasma exosomal let-7c-5p, miR-335-3p, and miR-652-3p can be used as promising biomarkers for diagnosis of SCAD. In addition, plasma exosomal miR-335-3p levels coordinated with severity of SCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaogang Cui
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tianqi Yuan
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yajuan Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfei Bian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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8
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Schiano C, Balbi C, de Nigris F, Napoli C. Basic Pathogenic Mechanisms and Epigenetic Players Promoted by Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087509. [PMID: 37108672 PMCID: PMC10138986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Both progression from the early pathogenic events to clinically manifest cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer impact the integrity of the vascular system. Pathological vascular modifications are affected by interplay between endothelial cells and their microenvironment. Soluble factors, extracellular matrix molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging determinants of this network that trigger specific signals in target cells. EVs have gained attention as package of molecules with epigenetic reversible activity causing functional vascular changes, but their mechanisms are not well understood. Valuable insights have been provided by recent clinical studies, including the investigation of EVs as potential biomarkers of these diseases. In this paper, we review the role and the mechanism of exosomal epigenetic molecules during the vascular remodeling in coronary heart disease as well as in cancer-associated neoangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, 6807 Taverne-Torricella, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, 6807 Taverne-Torricella, Switzerland
| | - Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology and Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), 80138 Naples, Italy
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9
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Srivastava S, Garg I, Singh Y, Meena R, Ghosh N, Kumari B, Kumar V, Eslavath MR, Singh S, Dogra V, Bargotya M, Bhattar S, Gupta U, Jain S, Hussain J, Varshney R, Ganju L. Evaluation of altered miRNA expression pattern to predict COVID-19 severity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13388. [PMID: 36743852 PMCID: PMC9889280 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 affected millions of people globally. After substantial research, several biomarkers for COVID-19 have been validated however no specific and reliable biomarker for the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 infection exists. Present study was designed to identify specific biomarkers to predict COVID-19 severity and tool for formulating treatment. A small cohort of subjects (n = 43) were enrolled and categorized in four study groups; Dead (n = 16), Severe (n = 10) and Moderate (n = 7) patients and healthy controls (n = 10). Small RNA sequencing was done on Illumina platform after isolation of microRNA from peripheral blood. Differential expression (DE) of miRNA (patients groups compared to control) revealed 118 down-regulated and 103 up-regulated known miRNAs with fold change (FC) expression ≥2 folds and p ≤ 0.05. DE miRNAs were then subjected to functional enrichment and network analysis. Bioinformatic analysis resulted in 31 miRNAs (24 Down-regulated; 7 up-regulated) significantly associated with COVID-19 having AUC>0.8 obtained from ROC curve. Seventeen out of 31 DE miRNAs have been linked to COVID-19 in previous studies. Three miRNAs, hsa-miR-147b-5p and hsa-miR-107 (down-regulated) and hsa-miR-1299 (up-regulated) showed significant unique DE in Dead patients. Another set of 4 miRNAs, hsa-miR-224-5p (down-regulated) and hsa-miR-4659b-3p, hsa-miR-495-3p and hsa-miR-335-3p were differentially up-regulated uniquely in Severe patients. Members of three miRNA families, hsa-miR-20, hsa-miR-32 and hsa-miR-548 were significantly down-regulated in all patients group in comparison to healthy controls. Thus a distinct miRNA expression profile was observed in Dead, Severe and Moderate COVID-19 patients. Present study suggests a panel of miRNAs which identified in COVID-19 patients and could be utilized as potential diagnostic biomarkers for predicting COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Srivastava
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India,Corresponding author
| | - Iti Garg
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India,Corresponding author
| | - Yamini Singh
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Ramesh Meena
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Nilanjana Ghosh
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Babita Kumari
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Eslavath
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sayar Singh
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Vikas Dogra
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Mona Bargotya
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Bhattar
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Utkarsh Gupta
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Jain
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Javid Hussain
- Pulmonary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital (RGSSH), Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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10
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Szydełko J, Matyjaszek-Matuszek B. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Coronary Artery Disease Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-From Pathogenesis to Potential Clinical Application. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010616. [PMID: 36614057 PMCID: PMC9820734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with still growing incidence among adults and young people worldwide. Patients with T2DM are more susceptible to developing coronary artery disease (CAD) than non-diabetic individuals. The currently used diagnostic methods do not ensure the detection of CAD at an early stage. Thus, extensive research on non-invasive, blood-based biomarkers is necessary to avoid life-threatening events. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that are stable in human body fluids and easily detectable. A number of reports have highlighted that the aberrant expression of miRNAs may impair the diversity of signaling pathways underlying the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, which is a key player linking T2DM with CAD. The preclinical evidence suggests the atheroprotective and atherogenic influence of miRNAs on every step of T2DM-induced atherogenesis, including endothelial dysfunction, endothelial to mesenchymal transition, macrophage activation, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation/migration, platelet hyperactivity, and calcification. Among the 122 analyzed miRNAs, 14 top miRNAs appear to be the most consistently dysregulated in T2DM and CAD, whereas 10 miRNAs are altered in T2DM, CAD, and T2DM-CAD patients. This up-to-date overview aims to discuss the role of miRNAs in the development of diabetic CAD, emphasizing their potential clinical usefulness as novel, non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for T2DM individuals with a predisposition to undergo CAD.
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Zhang P, Luo J, Wu T, Wang X, Yang F, Yu Y, Lu L, Yu H. MiR-32-5p/AIDA Mediates OxLDL-Induced Endothelial Injury and Inflammation. Int Heart J 2022; 63:928-938. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.22-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Jianfang Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science
| | - Tianlong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University
| | - Lihe Lu
- Department of Pathophysiolgy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Huimin Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science
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Adam CA, Șalaru DL, Prisacariu C, Marcu DTM, Sascău RA, Stătescu C. Novel Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease-Latest Insights in the Research Field. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094998. [PMID: 35563387 PMCID: PMC9103799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The atherosclerotic vascular disease is a cardiovascular continuum in which the main role is attributed to atherosclerosis, from its appearance to its associated complications. The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, population ageing, and burden on both the economy and the healthcare system have led to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the field. The better understanding or discovery of new pathophysiological mechanisms and molecules modulating various signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis have led to the development of potential new biomarkers, with key role in early, subclinical diagnosis. The evolution of technological processes in medicine has shifted the attention of researchers from the profiling of classical risk factors to the identification of new biomarkers such as midregional pro-adrenomedullin, midkine, stromelysin-2, pentraxin 3, inflammasomes, or endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles. These molecules are seen as future therapeutic targets associated with decreased morbidity and mortality through early diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andreea Adam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Delia Lidia Șalaru
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Prisacariu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Dragoș Traian Marius Marcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Radu Andy Sascău
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
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Chang SN, Chen JJ, Wu JH, Chung YT, Chen JW, Chiu CH, Liu CJ, Liu MT, Chang YC, Li C, Lin JW, Hwang JJ, Lien WP. Association between Exosomal miRNAs and Coronary Artery Disease by Next-Generation Sequencing. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010098. [PMID: 35011660 PMCID: PMC8750494 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among various bio-informative molecules transferred by exosomes between cells, micro RNAs (miRNAs), which remain remarkably stable even after freeze-and-thaw cycles, are excellent candidates for potential biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Blood samples were collected from the coronary arteries of 214 patients diagnosed with three-vessel CAD and 140 without CAD. After precipitation extraction, the amounts of exosomes were found to decrease with increased age and three-vessel CAD. Next-generation sequencing was performed to further explore the possible relationship between exosomal miRNAs and CAD. RESULTS Eight exosomal miRNAs showed altered expression associated with CAD. The up-regulated miRNAs in CAD were miRNA-382-3p, miRNA-432-5p, miRNA-200a-3p, and miRNA-3613-3p. The down-regulated miRNAs were miRNA-125a-5p, miRNA-185-5p, miRNA-151a-3p, and miRNA-328-3p. CONCLUSION We successfully demonstrated particular exosomal miRNAs that may serve as future biomarkers for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City 640203, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (J.-J.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (J.-W.C.); (M.-T.L.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Jien-Jiun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City 640203, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (J.-J.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (J.-W.C.); (M.-T.L.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Jo-Hsuan Wu
- Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Yao-Te Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City 640203, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (J.-J.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (J.-W.C.); (M.-T.L.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Jin-Wun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City 640203, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (J.-J.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (J.-W.C.); (M.-T.L.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Chu-Hsuan Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ju Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Tsun Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City 640203, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (J.-J.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (J.-W.C.); (M.-T.L.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan;
| | - Jou-Wei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City 640203, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (J.-J.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (J.-W.C.); (M.-T.L.); (J.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-922861953; Fax: +886-5-5373257
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City 640203, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (J.-J.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (J.-W.C.); (M.-T.L.); (J.-J.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Pin Lien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
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Zeng ZL, Zhu Q, Zhao Z, Zu X, Liu J. Magic and mystery of microRNA-32. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8588-8601. [PMID: 34405957 PMCID: PMC8435424 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous, small (∼22 nts in length) noncoding RNA molecules that function specifically by base pairing with the mRNA of genes and regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Alterations in miR-32 expression have been found in numerous diseases and shown to play a vital role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. MiR-32 has been documented as an oncomiR in the majority of related studies but has been also verified as a tumour suppressor miRNA in conflicting reports. Moreover, it has a crucial role in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. This review provides an in-depth look into the most recent finding regarding miR-32, which is involved in the expression, regulation and functions in different diseases, especially tumours. Additionally, this review outlines novel findings suggesting that miR-32 may be useful as a noninvasive biomarker and as a targeted therapeutic in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZL Zeng
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Metabolism and EndocrinologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Clinical MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Cardiovascular DiseaseHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Qingyun Zhu
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Metabolism and EndocrinologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Clinical MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Metabolism and EndocrinologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Clinical MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Xuyu Zu
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Metabolism and EndocrinologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Clinical MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Jianghua Liu
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Metabolism and EndocrinologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalDepartment of Clinical MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
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Park DJ, Seo YJ. Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles Based on Payload Changes for Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:485-497. [PMID: 34050888 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of tissue regeneration and tissue engineering, many years ago, various nano to macroscopic-sized materials have been used to reduce inflammation and restore damaged tissue. Whether it is safe to study the regeneration of all tissues based on the biological mechanisms of an organism composed of cells is still debated, and studies using extracellular vesicles derived from cells have become popular in the past decade. It has been reported that exosomes with a size of 100 nm or less, which plays an important role in cell-cell communication, contain various factors, such as proliferation, anti-inflammatory, and growth factors. In addition, the payload of exosomes varies depending on the parent cell and the recipient cell, and a technology to differentiate the selective payload must treat specific diseases. In this review, we examined the current trends in research using exosomes derived from cells or tissues and analyzed various research reports on factors that can affect tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 212 Dickinson Street, MC 8236, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea.,Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea
| | - Young Joon Seo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea. .,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
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Elgebaly SA, Christenson RH, Kandil H, Ibrahim M, Rizk H, El-Khazragy N, Rashed L, Yacoub B, Eldeeb H, Ali MM, Kreutzer DL. Nourin-Dependent miR-137 and miR-106b: Novel Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Myocardial Ischemia in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040703. [PMID: 33919942 PMCID: PMC8070915 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although cardiovascular imaging techniques are widely used to diagnose myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD), they have limitations related to lack of specificity, sensitivity and “late” diagnosis. Additionally, the absence of a simple laboratory test that can detect myocardial ischemia in CAD patients, has led to many patients being first diagnosed at the time of the development of myocardial infarction. Nourin is an early blood-based biomarker rapidly released within five minutes by “reversible” ischemic myocardium before progressing to necrosis. Recently, we demonstrated that the Nourin-dependent miR-137 (marker of cell damage) and miR-106b-5p (marker of inflammation) can diagnose myocardial ischemia in patients with unstable angina (UA) and also stratify severity of ischemia, with higher expression in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients compared to UA patients. Minimal baseline-gene expression levels of Nourin miRNAs were detected in healthy subjects. Objectives: To determine: (1) whether Nourin miRNAs are elevated in chest pain patients with myocardial ischemia suspected of CAD, who also underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) or ECG/Treadmill stress test, and (2) whether the elevated levels of serum Nourin miRNAs correlate with results of ECHO/ECG stress test in diagnosing CAD patients. Methods: Serum gene expression levels of miR-137, miR-106b-5p and their corresponding molecular pathway network were measured blindly in 70 enrolled subjects using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Blood samples were collected from: (1) patients with chest pain suspected of myocardial ischemia (n = 38) both immediately “pre-stress test” and “post-stress test” 30 min. after test termination; (2) patients with acute STEMI (n = 16) functioned as our positive control; and (3) healthy volunteers (n = 16) who, also, exercised on ECG/Treadmill stress test for Nourin baseline-gene expression levels. Results: (1) strong correlation was observed between Nourin miRNAs serum expression levels and results obtained from ECHO/ECG stress test in diagnosing myocardial ischemia in CAD patients; (2) positive “post-stress test” patients with CAD diagnosis showed upregulation of miR-137 by 572-fold and miR-106b-5p by 122-fold, when compared to negative “post-stress test” patients (p < 0.001); (3) similarly, positive “pre-stress test” CAD patients showed upregulation of miR-137 by 1198-fold and miR-106b-5p by 114-fold, when compared to negative “pre-stress test” patients (p < 0.001); and (4) healthy subjects had minimal baseline-gene expressions of Nourin miRNAs. Conclusions: Nourin-dependent miR-137 and miR-106b-5p are promising novel blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in chest pain patients suspected of CAD in outpatient clinics. Early identification of CAD patients, while patients are in the stable state before progressing to infarction, is key to providing crucial diagnostic steps and therapy to limit adverse cardiac events, improve patients’ health outcome and save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa A. Elgebaly
- Research & Development, Nour Heart, Inc., Vienna, VA 22180, USA
- Department of Surgery, UConn Health, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-860-680-8860
| | - Robert H. Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Hossam Kandil
- Department of Cardiology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.K.); (M.I.); (H.R.); (B.Y.); (H.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Mohsen Ibrahim
- Department of Cardiology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.K.); (M.I.); (H.R.); (B.Y.); (H.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Hussien Rizk
- Department of Cardiology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.K.); (M.I.); (H.R.); (B.Y.); (H.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Nashwa El-Khazragy
- Department of Clinical Pathology-Hematology, Ain Shams Medical Research Institute (MASRI), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Laila Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Beshoy Yacoub
- Department of Cardiology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.K.); (M.I.); (H.R.); (B.Y.); (H.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Heba Eldeeb
- Department of Cardiology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.K.); (M.I.); (H.R.); (B.Y.); (H.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Mahmoud M. Ali
- Department of Cardiology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.K.); (M.I.); (H.R.); (B.Y.); (H.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Donald L. Kreutzer
- Department of Surgery, UConn Health, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Cell & Molecular Tissue Engineering, LLC, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
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