Rebamipide with Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) versus PPIs Alone for the Treatment of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection-Induced Ulcers: A Meta-analysis

[Epithelial protective therapy in comorbid diseases. Practical Guidelines for Physicians]

This document was produced with the support of the National Medical Association for the Study of Comorbidities (NASС). In 2021 the first multidisciplinary National Consensus on the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of Increased Epithelial Permeability Syndrome was published. The proposed guidelines are developed on the basis of this Consensus, by the same team of experts. Twenty-eight Practical Guidelines for Physicians statements were adopted by the Expert Council using the "delphic" method. Such main groups of epithelial protective drugs as proton pump inhibitors, bismuth drugs and probiotics are discussed in these Guidelines from the positions of evidence-based medicine. The clinical and pharmacological characteristics of such a universal epithelial protector as rebamipide, acting at the preepithelial, epithelial and subepithelial levels, throughout gastrointestinal tract, are presented in detail.

Development and validation of four spectrophotometric methods for assay of rebamipide and its impurity: application to tablet dosage form

BACKGROUND

Rebamipide (REB) is quinolinone derivative compound, which is used for treatment of stomach ulcers.

OBJECTIVE

Four Spectrophotometric methods are developed for quantification of REB and its impurity and degradation product; the debenzoylated isomer of Rebamipide (DER).

METHODS

Method A is ratio difference spectrophotometry (RD) where 254 and 291 nm were selected for REB and 320 and 355 nm were selected for DER, allowing spectral discrimination for both. Method B is derivative ratio spectrophotometry (DD1), where peak amplitude of first derivative of ratio spectra at 261 and 350.2 nm for REB and DER, respectively, are determined. Method C is a second derivative (D2) approach, which allows quantification of both REB and DER at 337 and 340 nm, respectively. Method D is mean centring of ratio spectra (MC), where electronic absorption spectra of REB and DER were recorded and divided by a suitable divisor from DER and REB, respectively, and then mean centre is represented by ratio spectrum so obtained.

RESULTS

The proposed methods are simple, selective, and sensitive in the quantification of the REB and DER. These methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. Statistical analyses performed on the findings from suggested methods and those obtained from reported method revealed high accuracy and good precision.

CONCLUSION

The developed and validated methods are useful methods for quality control assay in routine analysis.

HIGHLIGHTS

First derivative, second derivative, derivative ratio and mean centring methods for quantification of REM and DER. These methods are useful for analysis of REB in pharmaceutical dosage form.